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Oleshia
Oleshia or Oleshye is the name of a former settlement and a historic area on the lower Dnieper. During its existence, the port settlement was controlled by Kievan Rus', and was an important center of fishing and trade due to its location on the route from the Varangians to the Greeks. In May 1223, the Kievan Rus', Rus' princes Daniel of Galicia, Danylo and Mstislav Mstislavich, Mstislav defeated the Mongol Empire, Mongols during Battle of Oleshia. Location There are two possible locations of Oleshia: Ostriv Velykyi Potomkin, Velykyi Potomkin Island in the Dnieper Delta, and the settlement Adzhyhol-1 with the Dniprovske-2 hillfort on the Dnieper–Bug estuary. There are Kievan Rus'-era archaeological finds in both sites. At any rate, it is not to be identified with Pontic Olbia, an archaeological site of an ancient Greek port city further to the north on the Southern Bug. Archaeological evidence suggests that both of the likely locations were founded no later than in 11th cent ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Oleshky
Oleshky (, ), previously known as Tsiurupynsk from 1928 to 2016, is a List of cities in Ukraine, city in Kherson Raion, Kherson Oblast, southern Ukraine, located on the left bank of the Dnieper River with the town of Solontsi, Kherson Raion, Solontsi to the south. It is the oldest city of the oblast and one of the oldest in southern Ukraine. It is known for its proximity to the Oleshky Sands, a large desert region. Oleshky is the site of artist Polina Rayko's home, a national cultural monument of Ukraine. It also hosts the administration of Oleshky urban hromada, one of the hromadas of Ukraine. It had a population of As of 2025, the city is occupied by Russia. Geography The city is located in the south of Ukraine, near Kherson. It is a port on the Konka (river, Kherson Oblast), Konka River. The Oleshky Sands are located in close proximity to the town. History Ancient history The area around Oleshky has been known since antiquity. Herodotus mentioned Scythian forests in the mou ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Battle Of Oleshia
The Battle of Oleshia took place between the cavalry of Rus' princes and a unit of the Mongol Empire led by general Gemebek, in May 1223, near Oleshia (likely in modern-day Kherson Oblast, Ukraine); it ended in a Mongol defeat. The battle took place prior to the Battle of the Kalka River, which occurred on 31 May 1223. Prelude From 1218, the Mongol Empire had been at war with the Polovtsians, also known as Cumans. The Polovtsian tribes turned to Rus' princes for help in their war against the Mongols, to which the princes agreed. However, in April 1223, Mongol ambassadors arrived in Kiev (modern Kyiv), where they asked the Rus' to not interfere in the war. Upon the request of the Polovtsians, the Mongol ambassadors were executed. For the Mongols, this act was considered a major sin, to which they responded with great atrocities. However, the states invaded by the Mongols were unaware of the Mongol belief in the inviolability of diplomats, and execution of ambassadors was consider ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ostriv Velykyi Potomkin
Ostriv Velykyi Potomkin (; ), also known as the Potemkin Island, or, officially, the Velykyi Vilkhovyi Island (), is a river island located within the Dnieper River in the Kherson urban hromada of Kherson Raion of Kherson oblast of Ukraine. Geography Ostriv Velykyi Potomkin is located within the Dnipro River as a river island. Two small lakes known as Lake Zakitne and Lake Nazarove-Pohorile are contained within the island. The island is divided into two parts by the Strait of Pudov (), which flows through its center. The total land area of the island is approximately 25 square kilometers, located around 5 kilometers to the south of Kherson city and 2 kilometers to the north of the town of Hola Prystan. History Medieval period Being located along the historic route from the Varangians to the Greeks, Ostriv Velykyi Potomkin had strategic significance for the Kyivan Rus', who established settlements on it and used it as their primary Black Sea port. Some historians believe ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Leonid Makhnovets
Leonid Yefremovych Makhnovets (; 31 May 1919 – 19 January 1993) was a Ukrainian literary critic, historian, archaeologist, interpreter, bibliographer. He was a Doctor of Philological Sciences (1966) and a recipient of the Shevchenko National Prize (1990) for preparation and publishing "Chronicle Ruthenian" (based on Hypatian Codex). Makhnovets was born on May 31, 1919, in village Ozera, Kiev Governorate, Ukrainian People's Republic (today Bucha Raion, Kyiv Oblast). After the fourth year at philology faculty of Kyiv University, Makhnovets went to war (World War II) therefore he graduated it in 1947. After that Makhnovets entered doctorate at the Shevchenko Institute of Literature (National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine) graduating in 1950. In 1950–1955 he was a researcher at the Shevchenko State Museum, in 1955–72 Makhnovets worked in the Shevchenko Institute of Literature (National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine) from where he was groundlessly fired. Only an invitation t ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Laurentian Codex
Laurentian Codex or Laurentian Letopis () is a collection of chronicles that includes the oldest extant version of the ''Primary Chronicle'' and its continuations, mostly relating the events in the northeastern Rus' principalities of Vladimir-Suzdal. Compilation The codex was not just copied by the Nizhegorod monk Laurentius commissioned by Dionysius of Suzdal in 1377. The original text on events from 1284 to 1305 was a lost codex compiled for the Grand Duke Mikhail of Tver in 1305, but Laurentius re-edited the presentation of Yuri Vsevolodovich, the founder of Nizhny Novgorod, from positive into a negative, partly rehabilitating the role of Tatars. Vasily Komarovich (1976) studied traces of changes within the manuscript and established a hypothesis about differences between Laurentius' version and the lost one of the Tver chronicle. Contents The Laurentian Codex compiled several codices of the Vladimir chronicles. * Laurentian text of the ''Primary Chronicle'', which c ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Textual Variants In The Primary Chronicle
Textual variants in the ''Primary Chronicle'' manuscripts of the Kievan Rus' arise when a copyist makes deliberate or inadvertent alterations to the text that is being reproduced. Textual criticism (or textology) of the ''Primary Chronicle'' or ''Tale of Bygone Years'' (, commonly abbreviated PVL) has included study of its textual variants. Legend Frequently used sigla (scribal symbols and abbreviations) of ''Primary Chronicle'' manuscripts and editions include: File:Лаврентіївський літопис.pdf, page=8, '' Laurentian Codex''(click for full PDF) File:Hypatian Codex.pdf, page=9, ''Hypatian Codex''(click for full PDF) File:Радзивіллівський літопис.pdf, page=3, ''Radziwiłł Chronicle''(click for full PDF) File:Moscow Academic Chronicle.pdf, page=5, ''Academic Chronicle''(click for full PDF) File:Khlebnikov Codex.pdf, page=4, '' Khlebnikov Codex''(click for full PDF) ; Critical editions * ''Complete Collection of Russian Chronicles ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Byzantine Empire
The Byzantine Empire, also known as the Eastern Roman Empire, was the continuation of the Roman Empire centred on Constantinople during late antiquity and the Middle Ages. Having survived History of the Roman Empire, the events that caused the fall of the Western Roman Empire in the 5th centuryAD, it endured until the fall of Constantinople to the Ottoman Empire in 1453. The term 'Byzantine Empire' was coined only after its demise; its citizens used the term 'Roman Empire' and called themselves 'Romans'. During the early centuries of the Roman Empire, the western provinces were Romanization (cultural), Latinised, but the eastern parts kept their Hellenistic culture. Constantine the Great, Constantine I () legalised Christianity and moved the capital to Constantinople. Theodosius I, Theodosius I () made Christianity the state religion and Greek gradually replaced Latin for official use. The empire adopted a defensive strategy and, throughout its remaining history, expe ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Primary Chronicle
The ''Primary Chronicle'', shortened from the common ''Russian Primary Chronicle'' (, commonly transcribed ''Povest' vremennykh let'' (PVL), ), is a Rus' chronicle, chronicle of Kievan Rus' from about 850 to 1110. It is believed to have been originally compiled in or near Kiev in the 1110s. Tradition ascribed its compilation to the monk Nestor the Chronicler, Nestor (''Nestor's Chronicle'') beginning in the 12th century, but this is no longer believed to have been the case. The title of the work, ("Tale of Bygone Years") comes from the opening sentence of the Laurentian Codex, ''Laurentian'' text: "These are the narratives of bygone years regarding the origin of the land of Rus', the first princes of Kiev, and from what source the land of Rus' had its beginning". The work is considered a fundamental source for the earliest history of the East Slavs. The content of the chronicle is known today from the several surviving versions and codices, revised over the years, slightly var ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Cumans
The Cumans or Kumans were a Turkic people, Turkic nomadic people from Central Asia comprising the western branch of the Cumania, Cuman–Kipchak confederation who spoke the Cuman language. They are referred to as Polovtsians (''Polovtsy'') in Rus' chronicles, as "Cumans" in Western sources, and as "Kipchaks" in Eastern sources. Related to the Pecheneg, they inhabited a shifting area north of the Black Sea and along the Volga River known as Cumania, from which the Cuman–Kipchaks meddled in the politics of the Caucasus and the Khwarazmian Empire. The Cumans were fierce and formidable nomadic warriors of the Eurasian Steppe who exerted an enduring influence on the medieval Balkans. They were numerous, culturally sophisticated, and militarily powerful. Many eventually settled west of the Black Sea, influencing the politics of Kievan Rus', the Kingdom of Galicia–Volhynia, Galicia–Volhynia Principality, the Golden Horde Khanate, the Second Bulgarian Empire, the Kingdom of Serbia ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Sich
A sich (), was an administrative and military centre of the Zaporozhian Cossacks. The word ''sich'' derives from the Ukrainian verb , "to chop" – with the implication of clearing a forest for an encampment or of building a fortification with the trees that have been chopped down. The Zaporozhian Sich was the fortified capital of the Zaporozhian Cossacks, located on the Dnieper, in the 16th–18th centuries in the area of what is now Ukraine. The Sich Rada was the highest organ of government in the Zaporozhian Host, or army of the Zaporozhian Cossacks. The Danubian Sich was the fortified settlement of those Zaporozhian Cossacks who later settled in the Danube Delta. Other transcriptions * Sietch * Jeremiah Curtin (1898) — Saitch *Samuel Binion (1898) - Sich *Beatrice Baskerville (1907) - Setch * Isabel Hepgood (1915) - Syech *Harold Lamb Harold Albert Lamb (September 1, 1892 – April 9, 1962) was an American writer, novelist, historian, and screenwriter. In both his fic ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Rus' People
The Rus, also known as Russes, were a people in early medieval Eastern Europe. The scholarly consensus holds that they were originally Norsemen, mainly originating from present-day Sweden, who settled and ruled along the river-routes between the Baltic and the Black Seas from around the 8th to 11th centuries AD. The two original centres of the Rus' were Ladoga (''Aldeigja''), founded in the mid-8th century, and Rurikovo Gorodische (''Holmr''), founded in the mid-9th century. The two settlements were situated at opposite ends of the Volkhov River, between Lake Ilmen and Lake Ladoga, and the Norsemen likely called this territory ''Gardar''. From there, the name of the Rus' was transferred to the Middle Dnieper, and the Rus' then moved eastward to where the Finnic tribes lived and southward to where the Slavs lived. The name '' Garðaríki'' was applied to the newly formed state of Kievan Rus', and the ruling Norsemen along with local Finnic tribes gradually assimilated in ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Kherson Local History Museum
The Kherson Local History Museum is a cultural institution and museum that was created in 1963 following the merging of the Kherson Historico-Archeological Museum and the Kherson Natural Historical Museum. The Historico-Archeological Museum was founded in 1890 and the Natural Historical Museum was founded in 1899. The museum has a branch in Kakhovka. The museum has information and items regarding the history of Kherson Oblast, including its natural history and history after the Ukrainian War of Independence, which began in 1917. The museum's collection included, prior to the Russian invasion, anthropomorphic steles of the pit culture from 2nd millennium BC, mace tops of the catacomb culture (2nd millennium BC), ancient Greek amphoras from the late-Scythian period (3rd–2nd millennium BC), a Scythian ritual headdress (500 BC), a golden Sarmathian earring (300–100 BC), a Polovtsian stone woman statue (11th–12th centuries AD) and an early medieval chandelier. History Russian ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
