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Oleksander Shulhyn
Oleksander Yakovych Shulhyn ( – 4 March 1960) was a Ukrainians, Ukrainian politician, academic, and diplomat who played a key role in establishing the Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Ukraine. He was a member of the Shevchenko Scientific Society, a professor of the Ukrainian Free University in Prague, a member of the Ukrainian delegation at the Paris Peace Conference, 1919 and a representative of Ukrainians in International Refugee Organization after World War II. During World War II (1939–40 and 1945–46) Shulhyn acted as head of the Government of the Ukrainian People's Republic in exile. Biography Shulhyn was born in the village of Sofyne (Katsapshchyna), Khorol county in Poltava Governorate (today Andriivka rural hromada in Lubny Raion) in the family of a historian and pedagogue Yakiv Shulhyn whose heritage is traced to the Cossack officers (starshina). He is related to Vasily Shulgin. Oleksander's brother, Volodymyr perished at the Battle of Kruty. Shulhyn initially enro ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
General Secretariat Of Ukraine
The General Secretariat of Ukraine () was the autonomous Ukrainian executive government of the Russian Republic from June 28, 1917, to January 22, 1918. For most of its existence it was headed by Volodymyr Vynnychenko. The secretariat was created after the Central Council of Ukraine accepted a proposal of the Ukrainian Party of Socialist Revolutionaries. According to the Encyclopedia of Ukraine, this event took place five days after the proclamation of the Universals (Central Council of Ukraine), 1st Universal of the Central Council of Ukraine, however many contemporary historians have other opinions in that regard. The initial composition of the secretariat included eight General Secretaries (ministers) and one General Scribe (secretary). Background The first document of the government that identified its program was the ''Declaration of the General Secretariat''. It was publicly announced at the plenum meeting of the Central Council of Ukraine on June 26 by the head of the S ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Politician
A politician is a person who participates in Public policy, policy-making processes, usually holding an elective position in government. Politicians represent the people, make decisions, and influence the formulation of public policy. The roles or duties that politicians must perform vary depending on the level of government they serve, whether Local government, local, national, or international. The ideological orientation that politicians adopt often stems from their previous experience, education, beliefs, the political parties they belong to, or public opinion. Politicians sometimes face many challenges and mistakes that may affect their credibility and ability to persuade. These mistakes include political corruption resulting from their misuse and exploitation of power to achieve their interests, which requires them to prioritize the public interest and develop long-term strategies. Challenges include how to keep up with the development of social media and confronting biase ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Battle Of Kruty
The Battle of Kruty () took place on January 29 or 30, 1918, near Kruty railway station (today the village of Pamiatne, Nizhyn Raion, Chernihiv Oblast), about northeast of Kyiv, Ukraine, which at the time was part of Nizhyn Povit of Chernihiv Governorate. Order of battle ;Ukrainian forces (D. Nosenko) * 1st Student Company (Sich Riflemen auxiliary kurin) — Petro OmelchenkoTynchenko, Ya. Life after Kruty. How turned out the fate of participants of January battle'. Ukrayinska Pravda (Istorychna Pravda). 28 January 2011 (fatally wounded) (116 soldiers) was split into four platoons * Cadet Corps of the 1st Ukrainian military school of Bohdan Khmelnytskyi — Averkii Honcharenko (~200 soldiers) * Hlukhiv Free Cossacks (80 soldiers) **Cavalry detachment * Ad hoc armed train (consisted of artillery gun on a flatcar) — S. Loshchenko * Armored train — M. Yartsev (wounded), withdrew to Nizhyn ;Russian forces ( Mikhail Muravyov)Kovalchuk, M. Battle of Kruty: known and know ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Vasily Shulgin
Vasily Vitalyevich Shulgin (; 13 January 1878 – 15 February 1976), also known as Basil Shulgin, was a Russian conservative politician, monarchist and member of the White movement. Young years Shulgin was born in Kiev. His father was a Professor of history, monarchist and editor of a monarchist newspaper. Shulgin studied at the Law faculty of Kiev University and was disgusted with the constant students' protests. At that time he became an ardent opponent of a revolution and supported the monarchy. He began to write articles in his father's newspaper. He also held antisemitic views but opposed open violence such as the notorious pogroms which were common in Kiev at the time. Later, in 1913, he heavily criticised the government for the Beilis trial. Shulgin understood that participation in or turning a blind eye on the most odious manifestation of antisemitism was detrimental to the government. Politician In 1907 Shulgin became a member of the Duma. He advocated right-wing vie ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Yakiv Shulhyn
Yakiv is a Ukrainian masculine given name, cognate to Jacob or James. Notable people with the name include: *Yakiv Barabash (died 1658), Zaporozhian Cossack Otaman (1657–58) who opposed Hetman Ivan Vyhovsky * Yakiv Hodorozha (born 1993), Ukrainian former competitive figure skater * Yakiv Holovatsky (1814–1888), Galician historian, literary scholar, ethnographer, linguist, poet, leader of Galician Russophiles *Yakiv Hordiyenko (1925–1942), Soviet partisan from Ukraine *Yakiv Khammo (born 1994), Assyrian-Ukrainian judoka * Yakiv Kripak (born 1978), former Ukrainian football midfielder * Yakiv Kulik (1793–1863), Austrian mathematician known for his construction of a massive factor tables *Yakiv Lyzohub, military and political figure of the Cossack Hetmanate *Yakiv Medvetskyi (1880–1941), Greek Catholic hierarch *Yakiv Punkin (1921–1994), featherweight Greco-Roman wrestler from Ukraine *Yakiv Smolii (born 1961), Ukrainian economist and banker, former Chairman of the Nationa ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Lubny Raion
Lubny Raion () is a raion (district) in Poltava Oblast in central Ukraine. The raion's administrative center is the city of Lubny. Population: On 18 July 2020, as part of the administrative reform of Ukraine, the number of raions of Poltava Oblast was reduced to four, and the area of Lubny Raion was significantly expanded. The January 2020 estimate of the raion population was Administrative division Current After the reform in July 2020, the raion consisted of 7 hromadas: * Chornukhy settlement hromada with the administration in the urban-type settlement of Chornukhy, transferred from Chornukhy Raion; * Hrebinka urban hromada with the administration in the city of Hrebinka, transferred from Hrebinka Raion; * Khorol urban hromada with the administration in the city of Khorol, transferred from Khorol Raion; * Lubny urban hromada with the administration in the city of Lubny, transferred from Lubny Raion and the city of Lubny; Before 2020 Before the 2020 reform, the rai ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Poltava Governorate
Poltava Governorate was an administrative-territorial unit (''guberniya'') of the Russian Empire. It was officially created in 1802 from the disbanded Little Russia Governorate (1796–1802), Little Russia Governorate and had its capital in Poltava. Its borders encompassed the modern Poltava Oblast of Ukraine, in addition to Berestyn, Pereiaslav, Romny and Zolotonosha. It was bordering the Chernigov Governorate, Chernigov and Kursk Governorates to the ''north'', Kiev Governorate to the ''west'', Kharkov Governorate to the ''east'' and the Kherson Governorate, Kherson and Yekaterinoslav Governorates to the ''south''. History In 1802, the Little Russia Governorate (1796–1802), Little Russia Governorate was disbanded and its territory split between the new Chernigov Governorate, Chernigov and Poltava Governorates. The governorate was part of the Ukrainian People's Republic from 1917 to 1920, interrupted in 1918 by the Ukrainian State. After the formation of the Ukrainian SSR ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Government Of The Ukrainian People's Republic In Exile
Government of the Ukrainian People's Republic in exile, or State Center of the Ukrainian People's Republic (SC of UPR) was a government in exile formed following the collapse of the Ukrainian People's Republic in 1920. It was initially located in Poland before relocating to France and later Germany during the Second World War. It finally relocated to Philadelphia in 1976, where it would remain until its dissolution. In 1992, the government recognized the newly independent Ukrainian government as the successor to the Ukrainian People's Republic, and formally relinquished its powers to the new Ukrainian authorities. After the May Coup (Poland) in 1926 in the Second Polish Republic, Józef Piłsudski recognized the UNR government in exile, in a covert attempt to destabilize the Soviet Union, and in retaliation for Soviet support of the Communist Party of Western Ukraine. Legal basis The legal basis of the UPR government was set in the laws "On the temporary Supreme Administration ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
World War II
World War II or the Second World War (1 September 1939 – 2 September 1945) was a World war, global conflict between two coalitions: the Allies of World War II, Allies and the Axis powers. World War II by country, Nearly all of the world's countries participated, with many nations mobilising all resources in pursuit of total war. Tanks in World War II, Tanks and Air warfare of World War II, aircraft played major roles, enabling the strategic bombing of cities and delivery of the Atomic bombings of Hiroshima and Nagasaki, first and only nuclear weapons ever used in war. World War II is the List of wars by death toll, deadliest conflict in history, causing World War II casualties, the death of 70 to 85 million people, more than half of whom were civilians. Millions died in genocides, including the Holocaust, and by massacres, starvation, and disease. After the Allied victory, Allied-occupied Germany, Germany, Allied-occupied Austria, Austria, Occupation of Japan, Japan, a ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
International Refugee Organization
The International Refugee Organization (IRO) was an intergovernmental organization founded on 20 April 1946 to deal with the massive refugee problem created by World War II. A Preparatory Commission began operations fourteen months previously. In 1948, the treaty establishing the IRO formally entered into force and the IRO became a United Nations specialized agency. The IRO assumed most of the functions of the earlier United Nations Relief and Rehabilitation Administration. In 1952, operations of the IRO ceased, and it was replaced by the Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees (UNHCR). The Constitution of the International Refugee Organization, adopted by the United Nations General Assembly on 15 December 1946, is the founding document of the IRO. The constitution specified the organization's field of operations. Controversially, the constitution defined "persons of German ethnic origin" who had been expelled, or were to be expelled from their countries o ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Paris Peace Conference, 1919
Paris () is the capital and largest city of France. With an estimated population of 2,048,472 residents in January 2025 in an area of more than , Paris is the fourth-most populous city in the European Union and the 30th most densely populated city in the world in 2022. Since the 17th century, Paris has been one of the world's major centres of finance, diplomacy, commerce, culture, fashion, and gastronomy. Because of its leading role in the arts and sciences and its early adoption of extensive street lighting, Paris became known as the City of Light in the 19th century. The City of Paris is the centre of the Île-de-France region, or Paris Region, with an official estimated population of 12,271,794 inhabitants in January 2023, or about 19% of the population of France. The Paris Region had a nominal GDP of €765 billion (US$1.064 trillion when adjusted for PPP) in 2021, the highest in the European Union. According to the Economist Intelligence Unit Worldwide Cost of Liv ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Prague
Prague ( ; ) is the capital and List of cities and towns in the Czech Republic, largest city of the Czech Republic and the historical capital of Bohemia. Prague, located on the Vltava River, has a population of about 1.4 million, while its Prague metropolitan area, metropolitan area is home to approximately 2.3 million people. Prague is a historical city with Romanesque architecture, Romanesque, Czech Gothic architecture, Gothic, Czech Renaissance architecture, Renaissance and Czech Baroque architecture, Baroque architecture. It was the capital of the Kingdom of Bohemia and residence of several Holy Roman Emperors, most notably Charles IV, Holy Roman Emperor, Charles IV (r. 1346–1378) and Rudolf II, Holy Roman Emperor, Rudolf II (r. 1575–1611). It was an important city to the Habsburg monarchy and Austria-Hungary. The city played major roles in the Bohemian Reformation, Bohemian and the Protestant Reformations, the Thirty Years' War and in 20th-century history a ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
