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Ole J. Kleppa
Ole Jakob Kleppa (February 4, 1920 – May 27, 2007) was a Norwegian–American physical chemist and a pioneer and leading authority in the study of metals, molten salts, ceramics and minerals at high temperatures. Kleppa was a professor at the University of Chicago, where he held appointments in the department of chemistry, the department of geophysical sciences, the James Franck Institute, and the college. He was the director of the James Franck Institute and the materials research laboratory. Biography Kleppa was born in Kristiania, Norway to Per and Karen Kleppa. After completing secondary school, Kleppa received his Master of Science degree in chemical engineering in 1946 and his Ph.D. in 1956 from the Norwegian Institute of Technology. During World War II His education, however, was interrupted by the German invasion of Norway. As a leader in student government, Kleppa helped organize organized readings at which participants extolled freedom and Norwegian nationalism and ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Oslo
Oslo ( or ; ) is the capital and most populous city of Norway. It constitutes both a county and a municipality. The municipality of Oslo had a population of in 2022, while the city's greater urban area had a population of 1,064,235 in 2022, and the metropolitan area had an estimated population of in 2021. During the Viking Age, the area was part of Viken. Oslo was founded as a city at the end of the Viking Age in 1040 under the name Ánslo, and established as a ''kaupstad'' or trading place in 1048 by Harald Hardrada. The city was elevated to a bishopric in 1070 and a capital under Haakon V of Norway around the year 1300. Personal unions with Denmark from 1397 to 1523 and again from 1536 to 1814 reduced its influence. After being destroyed by a fire in 1624, during the reign of King Christian IV, a new city was built closer to Akershus Fortress and named Christiania in honour of the king. It became a municipality ('' formannskapsdistrikt'') on 1 January 1838. ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Gestapo
The (, ), Syllabic abbreviation, abbreviated Gestapo (), was the official secret police of Nazi Germany and in German-occupied Europe. The force was created by Hermann Göring in 1933 by combining the various political police agencies of Free State of Prussia, Prussia into one organisation. On 20 April 1934, oversight of the Gestapo passed to the head of the ''Schutzstaffel'' (SS), Heinrich Himmler, who was also appointed Chief of German Police by Hitler in 1936. Instead of being exclusively a Prussian state agency, the Gestapo became a national one as a sub-office of the (SiPo; Security Police). From 27 September 1939, it was administered by the Reich Security Main Office (RSHA). It became known as (Dept) 4 of the RSHA and was considered a sister organisation to the (SD; Security Service). The Gestapo committed widespread atrocities during its existence. The power of the Gestapo was used to focus upon political opponents, ideological dissenters (clergy and religious org ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Thomas Rosenbaum
Thomas Felix Rosenbaum (born February 20, 1955) is an American condensed matter physicist, professor of physics, and the current president of the California Institute of Technology (Caltech). Previously, Rosenbaum served as a faculty member and Provost of the University of Chicago. He has also served as the vice president for research at Argonne National Laboratory. As president of Caltech, Rosenbaum has advanced the institution's commitment to scientific research and education through the initiation of numerous innovative programs and institutes. His contributions range from boosting diversity in STEM through fellowships and research funding opportunities, to establishing a number of initiatives through the largest campaigns in Caltech's history. Rosenbaum will step down as president at the end of the 2025-2026 academic year. Early life and education Rosenbaum grew up in Queens, New York City, where he spent much of his time playing basketball and frequenting theater and jazz ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Robert Gomer
Robert Gomer (24 March 1924, in Vienna, Austria – 12 December 2016) was an Austrian scientist known for his research on field electron emission and field ionization, and his role as an adviser to the United States government. He was educated at Pomona College and the University of Rochester, where he received his doctorate in 1949. From 1949 to 1950, he was a postdoctoral fellow at Harvard University and worked with G. B. Kistiakowsky. He subsequently moved to the University of Chicago, where he was a professor of chemistry in the James Franck Institute and the department of chemistry. From 1977 to 1983 he served as director of the James Franck Institute and in 1984 he was appointed Carl William Eisendrath Distinguished Service Professor. He has been honored with numerous awards, including the A. von Humboldt Society Senior U.S. Science Award, the Davisson-Germer Prize of the American Physical Society, the Medard W. Welch Award of the American Vacuum Society, and the Arthur W ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Stuart Rice
Stuart Alan Rice (January 6, 1932 – December 22, 2024) was an American theoretical chemist and physical chemist.Prof. Rice - Chemistry Department - University of Chicago He was well known as a theoretical chemist who also performed experimental research, having spent much of his career working in multiple areas of physical chemistry. He was the Frank P. Hixon Distinguished Service at the . During his tenure at the University of Chicago, Rice trained more than 100 Ph.D. students and |
American Association For The Advancement Of Science
The American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS) is a United States–based international nonprofit with the stated mission of promoting cooperation among scientists, defending scientific freedom, encouraging scientific responsibility, and supporting science education, scientific education and science outreach for the betterment of all humanity. AAAS was the first permanent organization established to promote science and engineering nationally and to represent the interests of American researchers from across all scientific fields. It is the world's largest general scientific society, with over 120,000 members, and is the publisher of the well-known scientific journal ''Science (journal), Science''. History Creation The American Association for the Advancement of Science was created on September 20, 1848, at the Academy of Natural Sciences in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. It was a reformation of the Association of American Geologists and Naturalists with the broaden ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
ASM International (society)
ASM International, formerly known as the American Society for Metals, is an association of materials-centric engineers and scientists. As the charitable arm of ASM, the ASM Materials Education Foundation also operates ASM Materials Camp in the summers for high school students and teachers. These camps are intended to educate the public about the materials field, and encourage young people to pursue careers in Materials science, materials science and engineering. History ASM has been in existence, under various names, since 1913, when it began as a local club in Detroit called the Steel Treaters Club. During World War I, the Steel Treaters Club became the Steel Treating Research Society, with groups in Detroit, Chicago, and Cleveland. After World War I, the Chicago group seceded and formed the American Steel Treaters Society. In 1920 the local chapters were reunified into the new American Society for Steel Treating (ASST). The society expanded its technical scope beyond steel d ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Royal Norwegian Society Of Sciences And Letters
The Royal Norwegian Society of Sciences and Letters (, DKNVS) is a Norway, Norwegian learned society based in Trondheim. It was founded in 1760 and is Norway's oldest scientific and scholarly institution. The society's Protector is King Harald V of Norway. Its membership consists of no more than 435 members elected for life among the country's most prominent scholars and scientists. The society’s Danish name predates both written standards for Norwegian and has remained unchanged after Norway’s independence from Denmark in 1814 and the spelling reforms of the 20th century. History DKNVS was founded in 1760 by the diocese of Nidaros, bishop of Nidaros Johan Ernst Gunnerus, headmaster at the Trondheim Cathedral School Gerhard Schøning and Councillor of State Peter Frederik Suhm under the name ''Det Trondhiemske Selskab'' (the Trondheim Society). From 1761 it published academic papers in a series titled ''Skrifter''. It was the northernmost learned society in the world, and was e ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Journal Of Physical Chemistry
''The Journal of Physical Chemistry A'' is a scientific journal which reports research on the chemistry of molecules - including their dynamics, spectroscopy, kinetics, structure, bonding, and quantum chemistry. It is published weekly by the American Chemical Society. Before 1997 the title was simply ''Journal of Physical Chemistry''. Owing to the ever-growing amount of research in the area, in 1997 the journal was split into ''Journal of Physical Chemistry A'' (molecular theoretical and experimental physical chemistry) and '' The Journal of Physical Chemistry B'' (solid state, soft matter, liquids, etc.). Beginning in 2007, the latter underwent a further split, with '' The Journal of Physical Chemistry C'' now being dedicated to nanotechnology, molecular electronics, and related subjects. According to the ''Journal Citation Reports'', the journal have an impact factor of 2.7 for 2023. Editors-in-chief *1896–1932 Wilder Dwight Bancroft, Joseph E. Trevor *1933–1951 S. C. ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Calorimeters
A calorimeter is a device used for calorimetry, or the process of measuring the heat of chemical reactions or physical changes as well as heat capacity. Differential scanning calorimeters, isothermal micro calorimeters, titration calorimeters and accelerated rate calorimeters are among the most common types. A simple calorimeter just consists of a thermometer attached to a metal container full of water suspended above a combustion chamber. It is one of the measurement devices used in the study of thermodynamics, chemistry, and biochemistry. To find the enthalpy change per mole of a substance A in a reaction between two substances A and B, the substances are separately added to a calorimeter and the initial and final temperatures (before the reaction has started and after it has finished) are noted. Multiplying the temperature change by the mass and specific heat capacities of the substances gives a value for the energy given off or absorbed during the reaction. Dividing the ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Kristjan Eldjarn
Kristjan is a masculine given name in different European languages. It is a variation of the name Christian. Notable people named Kristjan include: * Kristjan Asllani (born 2002), Albanian footballer * Kristjan Čujec (born 1988), Slovenian futsal player * Kristjan Fajt (born 1982), Slovenian professional road bicycle racer * Kristjan Gregorič (born 1989), Slovenian track cyclist * Kristjan Glibo (born 1982), German football defender and manager * Kristjan Haho (1877–1937), Estonian lawyer, judge and politician * Kristjan Ilves (born 1996), Estonian Nordic combined skier * Kristjan Järvan (born 1990), Estonian politician * Kristjan Järvi (born 1972), Estonian-American conductor * Kristjan Niels Julius (1860–1936), Icelandic-American satirical poet * Kristjan Kais (born 1976), Estonian beach volleyball player * Kristjan Kaljurand (born 1992), Estonian male badminton player * Kristjan Kangro, Estonian entrepreneur and investor * Kristjan Kangur (born 1982), Estonian ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Winter Warfare
Cold-weather warfare, also known as cold-region warfare, arctic warfare or winter warfare, encompasses military operations affected by snow, ice, thawing conditions, or cold, both on land and at sea, as well as the strategies and tactics used by military forces in these situations and environments. Cold-weather conditions occur year-round at high elevation or latitudes, and elsewhere materialize seasonally during the winter period. Mountain warfare often takes place in cold weather or on terrain that is affected by ice and snow, such as the Alps and the Himalayas. Historically, most such operations have been during winter in the Northern Hemisphere. Some have occurred above the Arctic Circle where snow, ice, and cold may occur throughout the year. At times, cold—or its aftermath, thaw—has been a decisive factor in the failure of a campaign, as with the French invasion of Russia in 1812, the Soviet invasion of Finland in 1939, and the German invasion of the Soviet Union d ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
