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Oetomo Ramelan
Raden Oetomo Ramelan ( Republican Spelling: Utomo Ramelan, Javanese: ꦲ꦳ꦸꦠꦺꦴꦩꦺꦴꦬꦩꦼꦭꦤ꧀, translit. Hutomo Ramelan; 9 January 1919 – c.1967) was a former Mayor of Surakarta who served from 17 February 1958 to 23 October 1965. He was known as the only Mayor of Surakarta who came from the Indonesian Communist Party (PKI). Oetomo was sentenced to death by the Extraordinary Military Court (Mahmilub) on 22 June 1967, and shortly after that, he most likely faced execution. Early life Oetomo was born in Sragen on 9 January 1919. His father, Raden Ramelan, was a district police chief (''wedana polisi'') in Surakarta. He was one of five siblings. One of his brothers, Mr. Oetojo Ramelan, was a former Indonesian Ambassador to Australia. His sister, Raden Roro Oetami, was the wife of Air Marshal Soerjadi Soerjadarma, the first Chief of Staff of the Indonesian Air Force (KSAU). His other two siblings were named Oetoro and Oetarjo. Oetomo received his primary ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Raden
is a Japanese termRaden. for one of the decorative techniques used in traditional crafts and woodwork. It refers to a method of inserting into a carved surface of lacquer or wood. The for means 'shell' and means 'inlaid'. is a term used only for the technique or work of inlaying thin layers of pearl shells. In Japan, the technique of embedding the mother of pearl of shellfish in lacquer is called , while the technique ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Salemba
{{Short description, Neighborhood in Jakarta Salemba is a neighborhood in the Senen district, Central Jakarta. Salemba referring to another name of Jeremias Latuihamalo, King Ullath, which was then appointed by Thomas Matulessy become king of Porto and accompany Thomas Matulessy (Kapitan Pattimura) as an advisor in the war against the Dutch. He finally caught at the end of the war, were interrogated on December 24, 1817, on February 2, 1818 was sentenced to hang by Ambonsche Raad van Justitie (Netherlands court in Ambon) but were given waivers by Buykes be sentenced to exile to the island of Java for 25 years. Yeremias Latuihamallo left for Batavia with warship "Wilhelmina" for serving a prison sentence. Salemba name could also refer to the detention Penitentiary located here. This name is also famous for the University of Indonesia, located in the area. Notable buildings [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
1910–1990
Year 191 ( CXCI) was a common year starting on Friday of the Julian calendar. At the time, it was known as the Year of the Consulship of Apronianus and Bradua (or, less frequently, year 944 ''Ab urbe condita''). The denomination 191 for this year has been used since the early medieval period, when the Anno Domini calendar era became the prevalent method in Europe for naming years. Events By place Parthia * King Vologases IV of Parthia dies after a 44-year reign, and is succeeded by his son Vologases V. China * A coalition of Chinese warlords from the east of Hangu Pass launches a punitive campaign against the warlord Dong Zhuo, who seized control of the central government in 189, and held the figurehead Emperor Xian hostage. After suffering some defeats against the coalition forces, Dong Zhuo forcefully relocates the imperial capital from Luoyang to Chang'an. Before leaving, Dong Zhuo orders his troops to loot the tombs of the Han emperors, and then destroy Luoyang b ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Sukoharjo Regency
Sukoharjo Regency is a Regencies of Indonesia, regency () in the Central Java province in Indonesia. It covers an area of 493.23 km2 and had a population of 824,238 at the 2010 CensusBiro Pusat Statistik, Jakarta, 2011. and 907,587 at the 2020 Census;Badan Pusat Statistik, Jakarta, 2021. the official estimate as of mid-2024 was 916,472 (comprising 458,337 males and 458,135 females).Badan Pusat Statistik, Jakarta, 28 February 2025, ''Kabupaten Sukoharjo Dalam Angka 2025'' (Katalog-BPS 1102001.3311) Its administrative centre is in the large town of Sukoharjo, about 10 km south of Surakarta; the built-up area of the town had 324,214 inhabitants at the 1990 Census.Robert Cribb, ''Historical Atlas of Indonesia''. (University of Hawai'i Press, Honolulu, 2000.) . This regency is bordered by the city of Surakarta in the north, Karanganyar Regency in the east, Wonogiri Regency and the Special Region of Yogyakarta in the south as well as Klaten Regency in the west. The regency is part of the ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Kopassus
The Kopassus (, Special Forces Command) is an Indonesian Army (TNI-AD) special forces group that conducts special operations missions for the Indonesian government, such as Direct action (military), direct action, unconventional warfare, sabotage, counter-insurgency, counter-terrorism, intelligence (information gathering), intelligence gathering and special reconnaissance (SR). Kopassus was founded by Alexander Evert Kawilarang and Mochammad Idjon Djanbi on 16 April 1952. It gained worldwide attention after several operations such as the Indonesian invasion of East Timor and the release of hostages from Garuda Indonesia Flight 206. The special forces spearheaded some of the government's military campaigns: putting down regional rebellions in the late 1950s, Operation Trikora (Western New Guinea campaign) in 1961–1962, the Indonesia-Malaysia Confrontation from 1962 to 1966, the Indonesian killings of 1965–1966, massacres of alleged communists in 1965, the Indonesian invasion ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
30 September Movement
The Thirtieth of September Movement (, also known as G30S, and by the syllabic abbreviation Gestapu for ''Gerakan September Tiga Puluh'', Thirtieth of September Movement, also unofficially called Gestok, for ''Gerakan Satu Oktober'', or First of October Movement) was a self-proclaimed organization of Indonesian National Armed Forces members. In the early hours of 1 October 1965, they assassinated six Indonesian Army generals in an abortive '' coup d'état''. Later that morning, the organization declared that it was in control of media and communication outlets and had taken President Sukarno under its protection. By the end of the day, the coup attempt had failed in Jakarta. Meanwhile, in central Java there was an attempt to take control over an army division and several cities. By the time this rebellion was put down, two more senior officers were dead. In the days and weeks that followed, the army, socio-political, and religious groups blamed the coup attempt on the Co ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
New Order (Indonesia)
The New Order (, abbreviated ''Orba'') describes the regime of the second Indonesian President Suharto from his rise to power in 1966 until his resignation in 1998. Suharto coined the term upon his accession and used it to contrast his presidency with that of his predecessor Sukarno (retroactively dubbed the "Old Order" or ). Immediately following the attempted coup in 1965, the political situation was uncertain, and Suharto's New Order found much popular support from groups wanting a separation from Indonesia's problems since its independence. The 'generation of 66' ('' Angkatan 66'') epitomised talk of a new group of young leaders and new intellectual thought. Following Indonesia's communal and political conflicts, and its economic collapse and social breakdown of the late 1950s through to the mid-1960s, the "New Order" was committed to achieving and maintaining political order, economic development, and the removal of mass participation in the political process. The featu ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Consentrasi Gerakan Mahasiswa Indonesia
''Consentrasi Gerakan Mahasiswa Indonesia'' (Movement Concentration of Indonesian Students, abbreviated CGMI) was an organization of university students in Indonesia, linked to the Communist Party of Indonesia The Communist Party of Indonesia (Indonesian language, Indonesian: ''Partai Komunis Indonesia'', PKI) was a communist party in the Dutch East Indies and later Indonesia. It was the largest non-ruling communist party in the world before its Indo .... CGMI was founded in 1956, through the merger of communist-led university student groups in Bogor, Bandung and Yogyakarta (which had emerged in the early 1950s). At the time of its founding, CGMI had a membership of around 1,180.Hindley, Donald. The Communist Party of Indonesia, 1951-1963'. Berkeley: University of California Press, 1964. pp. 196-197 As of early 1960, CGMI claimed a membership of around 7,000. The Yogyakarta and Bandung branches claimed a membership of around 1,750 members each. The organization claimed 500 mem ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Sebelas Maret University
Sebelas Maret University (, abbreviated as UNS) is a public university in Surakarta, Central Java, Indonesia. It was officially founded on 11 March 1976. History Since the 1950s, the city of Surakarta sought a local public university, considering other cities in Indonesia as of then had established decades-old higher education institutions. However, due to insurgencies, political struggles, reformations, economic collapses, and other events, plans for foundations were abandoned. In 1953, these foundations were redeveloped, as Surakarta saw itself as the center of Javanese culture and possessed great potential in education. The committees of the university's foundation were created, and led by the mayor of Surakarta at the time, Mohammad Saleh Werdisastro. However, these plans were forfeited once again due to several things; lack of financial resources both from regional and central government, the emergence of aspirations among groups to independently establish private uni ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Penicillin
Penicillins (P, PCN or PEN) are a group of beta-lactam antibiotic, β-lactam antibiotics originally obtained from ''Penicillium'' Mold (fungus), moulds, principally ''Penicillium chrysogenum, P. chrysogenum'' and ''Penicillium rubens, P. rubens''. Most penicillins in clinical use are synthesised by ''Penicillium chrysogenum, P. chrysogenum'' using industrial fermentation, deep tank fermentation and then purified. A number of natural penicillins have been discovered, but only two purified compounds are in clinical use: benzylpenicillin, penicillin G (intramuscular injection, intramuscular or Intravenous therapy, intravenous use) and phenoxymethylpenicillin, penicillin V (given by mouth). Penicillins were among the first medications to be effective against many bacterial infections caused by staphylococcus, staphylococci and streptococcus, streptococci. They are still widely used today for various bacterial infections, though many types of bacteria have developed antibiotic res ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Muhammadiyah
Muhammadiyah (), officially Muhammadiyah Society () is a major Islamic non-governmental organization in Indonesia.A. Jalil HamidTackle the rising cost of living longer New Straits Times, 30 October 2016. Accessed 1 November 2016. The organization was founded in 1912 by Ahmad Dahlan in the city of Yogyakarta as a Islah, reformist socioreligious movement, advocating ''ijtihad'' - individual interpretation of ''Quran, Qur'an'' and ''Sunnah'', as opposed to ''Taqlid'' - conformity to the traditional interpretations propounded by the ''ulama''. Since its establishment, Muhammadiyah has adopted a reformist platform mixing religious and secular education, primarily as a way to promote the upward mobility of Muslims toward a 'modern' community and to purify Indonesian Islam of local Syncretism, syncretic practices. It continues to support local culture and promote religious tolerance in Indonesia, while a few of its higher education institutions are attended mostly by non-Muslims, especial ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
1957 Indonesian Local Elections
Local elections were held in Indonesia—specifically in Java and South Sumatra—throughout 1957. They were held to elect members of regional councils for each province and city/regency. The Communist Party of Indonesia (PKI) emerged as the largest party in Java, becoming the only major party to improve its results relative to the 1955 election. The PKI's strong showing compounded political unease outside of Java as many feared that the PKI could dominate the next elections scheduled for 1959. This resulted in its cancellation by the Indonesian Army, with the support of President Sukarno, and a subsequent move towards guided democracy. Background In 1956, transitional regional assemblies were established, with composition corresponding to party vote share in the 1955 elections. The following yearLaw No. 1/1957provided for three levels of local government – province, regency and village. The directly elected province and regency governments would elect a regional executive, t ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
