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Oberkulm
Oberkulm is a Municipalities of Switzerland, municipality in the district of Kulm (district), Kulm, in the Cantons of Switzerland, canton of Aargau in Switzerland. History Oberkulm is first mentioned in 1045 as ''Chulenbare'', though this is for both Oberkulm and Unterkulm. In 1295 Oberkulm, individually, was mentioned as ''Obern Chulnbe''. The earliest evidence of a settlement is a Celts, Celtic gold coin from the 1st century BC. During the Switzerland in the Roman era, Roman era Oberkulm was the site of a Roman estate (villa columbaria, 1756–58 and 1902 excavations) and Alamanni graves, both from the 1st century AD. In the 13th century the village was possessed the House of Habsburg, Habsburgs, Beromünster Abbey and the Lords of Reinach, Aargau#History, Reinach. From 1415 until 1798 it belonged to Bern as part of the bailiwick of Lenzburg. In 1433 the rights to High, middle and low justice, high justice were purchased from the Austrian county of Lenzburg by the city of Be ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Unterkulm
Unterkulm is a municipality in the district of Kulm in the canton of Aargau in Switzerland. History Both Roman ruins near the church and late-Roman coins at Sonnenhof indicate that the area near Unterkulm was settled during the Roman era. However, Unterkulm is first mentioned in 1045 as ''Chulenbare'' though this is for both Unterkulm and Oberkulm. In 1303 it was mentioned as ''ze Nideren-Kulme'' which is the first mention of Unterkulm individually. Until 1566 Unter- and Oberkulm formed a tithe district (), though their political separation was probably earlier. In the 12th and 13th centuries the area was ruled by the Lenzburg family, then the Kyburgs and finally the Habsburgs. By 1300 parts of the village were also owned by the monasteries of Schänis, Beromünster and Engelberg as well as local aristocratic families and the Dukes of Austria. In the 14th and 15th centuries the Knights Hospitaller houses at Klingnau and Biberstein, and the collegiate church at Zofin ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Kulm (district)
Kulm District is a district in the canton of Aargau, Switzerland. It is located west of Lake Hallwil and covers parts of the Wyna and Suhre valleys. The principal town is Unterkulm; the largest municipality is Reinach. The district contains 16 municipalities, is 101.35 km2 in area and has a population of (as of ). Geography Kulm district has an area, , of . Of this area, or 49.8% is used for agricultural purposes, while or 31.8% is forested. Of the rest of the land, or 14.2% is settled (buildings or roads). Demographics The Kulm district has a population () of . , 22.6% of the population are foreign nationals.Statistical Department of Canton Aargau -Bereich 01 -Bevölkerung accessed 20 January 2010 Economy there were 18,062 workers who lived in the municipality. Of ...[...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Wynental
The Wyna (or Wyne) is a river located mostly in canton of Aargau, but also in canton of Lucerne, Switzerland and runs through the ''Wynetal'' (the Wyne Valley). It is a tributary of the Suhre. The Wyna is 32 km long (main outflow in Reinach, Aargau, Reinach (AG): 0.9 m3/s). Larger towns in Wynetal are Beromünster, Menziken, Reinach, Aargau, Reinach (AG) and Gränichen. River The ''Wyna'' is started by several headwaters south-west of Neudorf, Lucerne, Neudorf (LU) in the Lindewald (forest), 17 km north-east from Lucerne. Near Underdorf, the ''Lochbach'', or Hole Creek, which starts in the Chegelwald, west of Neudorf, joins the Wyna. Then, it runs north through Beromünster (still canton of Lucerne), through Menziken and Reinach (now in canton of Aargau), west of Zetzwil, through Oberkulm and Unterkulm, through Teufenthal, Teufenthal (AG), and through Gränichen before joining the Suhre at 385m in Suhr, Aargau, Suhr, which joins the Aare further north, just three ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Schlossrued
Schlossrued is a municipality in the district of Kulm in the canton of Aargau in Switzerland. Geography Schlossrued has an area, , of . Of this area, or 61.1% is used for agricultural purposes, while or 31.3% is forested. Of the rest of the land, or 7.9% is settled (buildings or roads), or 0.3% is either rivers or lakes.Swiss Federal Statistical Office-Land Use Statistics 2009 data accessed 25 March 2010 Of the built-up area, housing and buildings made up 3.9% and transportation infrastructure made up 3.0%. 28.0% of the total land area is heavily forested and 3.3% is covered with orchards or small clusters of trees. Of the agricultural land, 16.6% is used for growing crops and 41.7% is pastures, while 2.8% is used for orchards or vine crops. A ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Schmiedrued
Schmiedrued is a municipalities of Switzerland, municipality in the district of Kulm (district), Kulm in the Cantons of Switzerland, canton of Aargau in Switzerland. Geography Schmiedrued has an area, , of . Of this area, or 64.2% is used for agricultural purposes, while or 27.4% is forested. Of the rest of the land, or 7.8% is settled (buildings or roads).Swiss Federal Statistical Office-Land Use Statistics 2009 data accessed 25 March 2010 Of the built up area, housing and buildings made up 4.6% and transportation infrastructure made up 2.8%. 25.1% of the total land area is heavily forested and 2.3% is covered with orchards or small clusters of trees. Of the agricultural land, 25.1% is used for growing crops and 33.0% is pastures, while 6.1% is u ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Gontenschwil
Gontenschwil is a municipality in the district of Kulm in the canton of Aargau in Switzerland. History Gontenschwil is first mentioned in 1173 as ''Gundoltswilre'' in a grant to the monastery at Beromünster. In 1236, ownership of part of village went to Engelberg Abbey, in 1266 it transferred to the Monastery of St. Leonhard in Basel, and in 1274 to the Knights of Malta. The secular owners of the village included the Counts of Lenzburg, then in 1173 the Counts of Kyburg, in 1273 the Kyburg rights transferred to the Habsburgs. The village was ruled by the Habsburg vassals, the Counts of Reinach. By this time, the local castle is no longer mentioned. The rights to low justice remained in the hands of wealthy citizens of Gontenschwil. After the conquest of the Aargau by Bern in 1415, Gontenschwil formed its own court within the district () of Lenzburg. The church, first mentioned in 1340, was a daughter church to the parish church in nearby Pfeffikon. After a long struggle (1 ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Zetzwil
Zetzwil is a municipality in the district of Kulm in the canton of Aargau in Switzerland. Geography Zetzwil has an area, , of . Of this area, or 51.7% is used for agricultural purposes, while or 37.6% is forested. Of the rest of the land, or 10.0% is settled (buildings or roads) and or 0.2% is unproductive land.Swiss Federal Statistical Office-Land Use Statistics 2009 data accessed 25 March 2010 Of the built up area, housing and buildings made up 6.9% and transportation infrastructure made up 2.4%. 35.3% of the total land area is heavily forested and 2.2% is covered with orchards or small clusters of trees. Of the agricultural land, 23.4% is used for growing crops and 22.8% is pastures, while 5.5% is used for orchards or vine crops. [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Dürrenäsch
Dürrenäsch is a municipality in the district of Kulm in the canton of Aargau in Switzerland. History While Dürrenäsch is first mentioned in 924 as ''Aske inferior'', there are traces of earlier, nearby settlements. Several, individual Hallstatt era items were found on the castle hill. Roman era artifacts have been discovered on the ''Loren'' and Alamanni graves were found on the ''Lindhügel''. During the High Middle Ages Dürrenäsch was ruled by Lenzburg. In 1173 it came under the power of the Counts of Kyburg. A century later, in 1273, it was inherited by the Habsburgs. Under the Habsburgs it was ruled by their vassals, the Lords of Trostberg, Reinach and Hallwyl. From 1415 until 1798 it was under the control of the city of Bern and was part of the district () of Lenzburg. In 1433 Bern bought the rights to high and low justice, in the village, from the Austrians. Until 1614 the village was part of the Kulm parish and since then it has belonged to the Leutwil p ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Coat Of Arms
A coat of arms is a heraldry, heraldic communication design, visual design on an escutcheon (heraldry), escutcheon (i.e., shield), surcoat, or tabard (the last two being outer garments), originating in Europe. The coat of arms on an escutcheon forms the central element of the full achievement (heraldry), heraldic achievement, which in its whole consists of a shield, supporters, a crest (heraldry), crest, and a motto. A coat of arms is traditionally unique to the armiger (e.g. an individual person, family, state, organization, school or corporation). The term "coat of arms" itself, describing in modern times just the heraldic design, originates from the description of the entire medieval chainmail "surcoat" garment used in combat or preparation for the latter. Roll of arms, Rolls of arms are collections of many coats of arms, and since the early Modern Age centuries, they have been a source of information for public showing and tracing the membership of a nobility, noble family, a ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Blazon
In heraldry and heraldic vexillology, a blazon is a formal description of a coat of arms, flag or similar emblem, from which the reader can reconstruct an accurate image. The verb ''to blazon'' means to create such a description. The visual depiction of a coat of arms or flag has traditionally had considerable latitude in design, but a verbal blazon specifies the essentially distinctive elements. A coat of arms or flag is therefore primarily defined not by a picture but rather by the wording of its blazon (though in modern usage flags are often additionally and more precisely defined using geometrical specifications). ''Blazon'' is also the specialized language in which a blazon is written, and, as a verb, the act of writing such a description. ''Blazonry'' is the art, craft or practice of creating a blazon. The language employed in ''blazonry'' has its own vocabulary and syntax, which becomes essential for comprehension when blazoning a complex coat of arms. Other armorial ob ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
High, Middle And Low Justice
High, middle and low justices are notions dating from Western feudalism to indicate descending degrees of judicial power to administer justice by the maximal punishment the holders could inflict upon their subjects and other dependents. The scale of punishment generally matched the scale of spectacle (e.g. a public hanging = high justice), so that in France, Paul Friedland argues: "The degree of spectacle [was] originally the basis for a distinction between high and low justice", with an intervening level of 'middle justice', characterised by limited or modest spectatorship, added around the end of the fourteenth century. Low justice regards the level of day-to-day Civil law (common law), civil actions, including voluntary justice, minor pleas, and Misdemeanor, petty offences generally settled by Fine (penalty), fines or light corporal punishment. It was held by many lesser authorities, including many Lord of the manor, lords of the manor, who sat in justice over the serfs, unfree ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Herbert Hoover
Herbert Clark Hoover (August 10, 1874 – October 20, 1964) was the 31st president of the United States, serving from 1929 to 1933. A wealthy mining engineer before his presidency, Hoover led the wartime Commission for Relief in Belgium and was the director of the U.S. Food Administration, followed by post-war relief of Europe. As a member of the Republican Party (United States), Republican Party, he served as the third United States secretary of commerce from 1921 to 1928 before being 1928 United States presidential election, elected president in 1928. His presidency was dominated by the Great Depression, and his policies and methods to combat it were seen as lackluster. Amid his unpopularity, he decisively lost reelection to Franklin D. Roosevelt in 1932 United States presidential election, 1932. Born to a Quaker family in West Branch, Iowa, Hoover grew up in Oregon. He was one of the first graduates of the new Stanford University in 1895. Hoover took a position with a Lond ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
