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Nuclear Gandhi
Nuclear Gandhi is a video game urban legend purporting the existence of a software bug in the 1991 strategy video game ''Civilization'' that would eventually force the pacifist leader Mahatma Gandhi to become extremely aggressive and make heavy use of nuclear weapons. The claim was mentioned on the TV Tropes wiki in 2012, and continued until 2020, when the series' creator, Sid Meier, confirmed that the bug would have been impossible in the original game. Gandhi was programmed to exhibit this behavior in ''Civilization V'', released in 2010, and it is unclear whether this led to the belief that the behavior had also been present in earlier games. While fictional, Nuclear Gandhi is one of the most recognizable video game glitches and has been used as an example of integer overflow in computer science, and was included as an Easter egg in other games in the ''Civilization'' series. Background According to the legend, each leader's game AI in ''Civilization'' had a parameter that d ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Democracy
Democracy (from , ''dēmos'' 'people' and ''kratos'' 'rule') is a form of government in which political power is vested in the people or the population of a state. Under a minimalist definition of democracy, rulers are elected through competitive Election, elections while more expansive or maximalist definitions link democracy to guarantees of civil liberties and human rights in addition to competitive elections. In a direct democracy, the people have the direct authority to Deliberation, deliberate and decide legislation. In a representative democracy, the people choose governing officials through elections to do so. The definition of "the people" and the ways authority is shared among them or delegated by them have changed over time and at varying rates in different countries. Features of democracy oftentimes include freedom of assembly, freedom of association, association, personal property, freedom of religion and freedom of speech, speech, citizenship, consent of the governe ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Abraham Lincoln
Abraham Lincoln (February 12, 1809 – April 15, 1865) was the 16th president of the United States, serving from 1861 until Assassination of Abraham Lincoln, his assassination in 1865. He led the United States through the American Civil War, defeating the Confederate States of America and playing a major role in the End of slavery in the United States, abolition of slavery. Lincoln was born into poverty in Kentucky and raised on the American frontier, frontier. He was self-educated and became a lawyer, Illinois state Illinois House of Representatives, legislator, and U.S. representative. Angered by the Kansas–Nebraska Act of 1854, which opened the territories to slavery, he became a leader of the new History of the Republican Party (United States), Republican Party. He reached a national audience in the Lincoln–Douglas debates, 1858 Senate campaign debates against Stephen A. Douglas. Lincoln won the 1860 United States presidential election, 1860 presidential election, wh ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
C (programming Language)
C (''pronounced'' '' – like the letter c'') is a general-purpose programming language. It was created in the 1970s by Dennis Ritchie and remains very widely used and influential. By design, C's features cleanly reflect the capabilities of the targeted Central processing unit, CPUs. It has found lasting use in operating systems code (especially in Kernel (operating system), kernels), device drivers, and protocol stacks, but its use in application software has been decreasing. C is commonly used on computer architectures that range from the largest supercomputers to the smallest microcontrollers and embedded systems. A successor to the programming language B (programming language), B, C was originally developed at Bell Labs by Ritchie between 1972 and 1973 to construct utilities running on Unix. It was applied to re-implementing the kernel of the Unix operating system. During the 1980s, C gradually gained popularity. It has become one of the most widely used programming langu ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Signed Integer
In computer science, an integer is a datum of integral data type, a data type that represents some range of mathematical integers. Integral data types may be of different sizes and may or may not be allowed to contain negative values. Integers are commonly represented in a computer as a group of binary digits (bits). The size of the grouping varies so the set of integer sizes available varies between different types of computers. Computer hardware nearly always provides a way to represent a processor register or memory address as an integer. Value and representation The ''value'' of an item with an integral type is the mathematical integer that it corresponds to. Integral types may be ''unsigned'' (capable of representing only non-negative integers) or ''signed'' (capable of representing negative integers as well). An integer value is typically specified in the source code of a program as a sequence of digits optionally prefixed with + or −. Some programming languages allow ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
YouTube
YouTube is an American social media and online video sharing platform owned by Google. YouTube was founded on February 14, 2005, by Steve Chen, Chad Hurley, and Jawed Karim who were three former employees of PayPal. Headquartered in San Bruno, California, it is the second-most-visited website in the world, after Google Search. In January 2024, YouTube had more than 2.7billion monthly active users, who collectively watched more than one billion hours of videos every day. , videos were being uploaded to the platform at a rate of more than 500 hours of content per minute, and , there were approximately 14.8billion videos in total. On November 13, 2006, YouTube was purchased by Google for $1.65 billion (equivalent to $ billion in ). Google expanded YouTube's business model of generating revenue from advertisements alone, to offering paid content such as movies and exclusive content produced by and for YouTube. It also offers YouTube Premium, a paid subs ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
People Make Games
''People Make Games'' (PMG) is a British investigative video game journalism YouTube channel. The channel focuses on the developers and people who make video games. ''People Make Games'' has reported on topics such as video game crunch, outsourcing, and worker exploitation. History The group was created by the couple Chris Bratt and Anni Sayers in 2018. They were previously both journalists working for ''Eurogamer''. Sayers creates the graphics. Quintin Smith, a journalist from ''Rock Paper Shotgun'', joined in 2020. The channel is viewer-funded with Patreon; in June 2022, the Patreon made per month. Additional funding comes from ''Loading Bar'', a chain of bars in London and Brighton. Notable reports ''Roblox'' In a video published in August 2021, Smith accused ''Robloxs parent company, Roblox Corporation, of exploiting the platform's young game developers. Smith argues the revenue split is significantly less favourable toward developers than other video game ma ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Brian Reynolds (game Designer)
Brian Reynolds (born 1967) is an American videogame designer. Reynolds has designed at SecretNewCo, Zynga, Big Huge Games, and MicroProse and has been chairman of the International Game Developers Association. He has played a major part in designing a number of multi-million selling games including '' Civilization II'', ''Rise of Nations'', '' Sid Meier's Alpha Centauri'', and '' FrontierVille''. He has also founded or co-founded three game companies, SecretNewCo, Big Huge Games, and Firaxis Games. Early life and education Reynolds made his first game sale with '' Quest 1'' to '' SoftSide'' magazine, its August 1981 cover feature. He was a gamer in high school, and a SysOp on Randolph School's (Huntsville, Alabama) PDP-11 mainframe computer. A 1990 graduate of the University of the South, Reynolds briefly pursued graduate studies in philosophy at the University of California, Berkeley. Career Reynolds initiated his game career with MicroProse where he worked as lead programme ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Game Designer
Game design is the process of creating and shaping the mechanics, systems, rules, and gameplay of a game. Game design processes apply to board games, card games, dice games, casino games, role-playing games, sports, Wargame (video games), war games, or simulation games.In ''Elements of Game Design'', game designer Robert Zubek defines game design by breaking it down into three elements: * Game mechanics and systems, which are the rules and objects in the game. * Gameplay, which is the interaction between the player and the mechanics and systems. In ''Chris Crawford on Game Design'', the author summarizes gameplay as "what the player does". * Player experience, which is how users feel when they are playing the game. In Academy, academic research, game design falls within the field of game studies (not to be confused with game theory, which studies strategic decision making, primarily in non-game situations). Process of design Game design is part of a game's development from conc ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Civilization II
''Sid Meier's Civilization II'' is a turn-based strategy video game in the ''Civilization'' series, developed and published by MicroProse. It was released in 1996 for PCs, and later ported to the PlayStation by Activision. Players build a civilization from a primitive tribe, competing with rival computer- or human (in some editions)-controlled civilizations. They manage cities and units in a quest to assure their civilization's dominance—either by conquering all other civilizations or by manufacturing advanced space technology. ''Civilization II'' was a commercial hit, with sales of around three million units by 2001, and has won numerous awards and placements on "best games of all time" lists. It was followed by '' Civilization III''. Gameplay As a turn-based strategy game, ''Civilization II'' models the historical development of human civilization. A player, when creating a game, may pick one of 21 historical civilizations or a custom-named civilization. The comput ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Advances In Archaeological Practice
''Advances in Archaeological Practice'' is a quarterly peer-reviewed academic journal published by Cambridge University Press, on behalf of the Society for American Archaeology, a professional organization dedicated to advancing archaeology, heritage, and practice. History ''Advances in Archaeological Practice'' is a quarterly, full-color digital journal that publishes articles sharing 'creative solutions to challenges in the practice of archaeology globally'. The journal was first conceived during a special strategic meeting of the SAA in 2010, where board members noted a gap in the publishing opportunities currently available for archaeologists and SAA members, particularly applied archaeologists. Many journals offered venues for publishing original research, but there were comparatively fewer places to share methods and strategies with relevance across sectors of archaeological practice. The purpose of ''Advances'' is therefore to provide a venue for archaeologists to publis ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Geek
The word ''geek'' is a slang term originally used to describe Eccentricity (behavior), eccentric or non-mainstream people; in current use, the word typically connotes an expert or enthusiast obsessed with a hobby or intellectual pursuit. In the past, it had a generally pejorative meaning of a "peculiar person, especially one who is perceived to be overly intellectual, unfashionable, boring, or socially awkward". In the 21st century, it was reappropriation, reclaimed and used by many people, especially members of some fandoms, as a positive term. Some use the term self-referentially without malice or as a source of pride, often referring simply to "someone who is interested in a subject (usually intellectual or complex) for its own sake". Etymology The word comes from English dialect ''geek'' or ''geck'' (meaning a "fool" or "freak"; from Middle Low German ''Geck''). ''Geck'' is a standard term in modern German and means "fool" or "fop". The root also survives in the Dutch lan ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
