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November 2015 Sinjar Offensive
The November Sinjar offensive was a combination of operations of Kurdish Peshmerga, PKK, and Yezidi militias in November 2015, to recapture the city of Sinjar from the Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant. It resulted in a decisive victory for the Kurdish forces, who expelled the ISIL militants from Sinjar and regained control of Highway 47, which until then had served as the major supply route between the ISIL strongholds of Raqqa and Mosul. The offensive was code-named "The Fury of Melek Taus", in reference to Melek Taus, a figure from Yezidi religion. Background In August 2014, the Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant launched an offensive in Northern Iraq and pushed into Kurdish held areas of Nineveh Governorate, capturing the city of Sinjar, among others. In what is known as the Sinjar massacre, 2,000–5,000 Yazidis were killed in and around Sinjar, while 200,000 civilians fled. Amongst these, some 50,000 Yazidis fled to the Sinjar Mountains, located to the city's ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
War In Iraq (2013-2017)
This is a list of wars involving the Republic of Iraq and its predecessor states. , style="background:#F88" , Coalition victory * State of Kuwait resumes self-governance over all Kuwaiti sovereign territory * Establishment of a demilitarized zone and construction of a separation barrier along the Iraq–Kuwait border , 20,000–35,000 , 3,664 , - , rowspan="2" , 1991 Iraqi uprisings(1991) , rowspan="2" , * Ba'ath Party ** Iraqi Army ** Republican Guard ** Special Republican Guard * Popular Army * General Security * Intelligence Service * Special Security ---- Support: MEK , Badr Brigades Dawa , style="background:#D0FFD0" , Government victory (Southern Front) * Uprising suppressed , rowspan="2" , ~5,000 , rowspan="2" , 80,000–230,000 , - , KDP PUK , style="background:#D0FFD0" , Government Military Victory (Northern Front) * Kurdish Autonomous Republic established , - , Iraqi Kurdish Civil War(1995–1996) , KDP KDPI , PUK United ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Murat Karayılan
Murat Karayılan (; born 5 June 1954), also nicknamed Cemal, is one of the co-founders of the Kurdistan Workers' Party (PKK). He became the PKK's acting leader after its original founder and leader, Abdullah Öcalan, was captured in 1999 by Turkish intelligence agents. In 2014, he left the PKK leader position and was assigned as the new commander-in-chief of the PKK's armed wing, the People's Defence Forces. Biography Karayılan was born on 5 June 1954,Murat Karayılan yakalandı mı? , 13 August 2011 in , , Karayılan finished his studies at a vocational college of ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Women's Protection Units
The Women's Protection Units (YPJ) or Women's Defense Units is an all-female militia involved in the Syrian civil war. The YPJ is part of the Syrian Democratic Forces, the armed forces of the Democratic Autonomous Administration of North and East Syria, and is closely affiliated with the male-led YPG. While the YPJ is mainly made up of Kurds, it also includes women from other ethnic groups in Northern Syria. History Women have been involved in Syrian Kurdish Resistance fighting since as early as 2011, when the mixed-sex YXG was founded, later to be renamed YPG in 2012. The YPJ was founded as a strictly women's organization on 4 April 2013 with the first battalion formed in Jindires and later expanded its activities towards the Euphrates Region, Kobane and Jazira Region, Jazira cantons. All female fighters who were previously part of the YPG mixed units automatically became members of the YPJ. Initially, there was just one YPJ battalion in each of the three cantons of Rojava, b ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
People's Protection Units
The People's Defense Units (YPG), also called People's Protection Units, is a libertarian socialist US-backed Kurds in Syria, Kurdish militant group in Syria and the primary component of the Syrian Democratic Forces (SDF). The YPG mostly consists of Kurds, but also includes Arabs and YPG International, foreign volunteers; it is closely allied to the Syriac Military Council, an Assyrian people, Assyrian militia. The YPG was formed in 2011. It expanded rapidly in the Syrian Civil War and came to predominate over other armed Syrian Kurdish groups. A sister militia, the Women's Protection Units (YPJ), fights alongside them. The YPG is active in the Autonomous Administration of North and East Syria (Rojava), particularly in Syrian Kurdistan, its Kurdish regions. In early 2015, the group won a major victory over the Islamic State (IS) during the siege of Kobanî, where the YPG began to receive air and ground support from the United States and other Combined Joint Task Force � ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Marxist–Leninist Communist Party (Turkey)
The Marxist–Leninist Communist Party (, abbreviated as ''MLKP'') is an underground Hoxhaist communist party in Turkey. It was founded in 1994, and has been involved in the Rojava conflict since 2012. History MLKP was formed in September 1994, through the unification of the Communist Party of Turkey/Marxist-Leninist - Hareketi (TKP/ML-Hareketi) and the Communist Workers Movement of Turkey (TKİH). TKP/ML-Hareketi was the larger of the two. Both groups came from the pro- Albanian camp. The unity process of negotiations between the groups had started in 1989. Initially MLKP called itself MLKP-Kuruluş (MLKP-Foundation). In September 1995, at the first congress of MLKP-K, the Communist Party of Turkey/Marxist-Leninist (New Build-Up Organization) (TKP/ML (YİÖ)) merged into the party, and the name was changed to MLKP. Later the same year a split occurred, and the Communist Party - Build-up Organization (KP-İÖ) was formed. MLKP is designated as an active terrorist organis ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Free Women's Units
The Free Women's Units (), shortened from the Kurdish name as YJA STAR, was the women's military wing of the Kurdistan Workers' Party (PKK). YJA STAR operates according to jineology, the feminist philosophy developed by the Kurdish ideological leader, Abdullah Öcalan Abdullah Öcalan ( ; ; born 4 April 1948 or 1949), also known as Apo (short for Abdullah in Turkish; Kurdish for "uncle"), is a founding member of the militant Kurdistan Workers' Party (PKK). Öcalan was based in Syria from 1979 to 1998. He .... On 12 May 2025, the Kurdistan Workers' Party announced it would disband as part of a peace initiative with Turkey. See also *'' Gulîstan, Land of Roses'', a 2016 documentary film about women PKK fighters References All-female military units and formations Apoist organizations in Turkey Anti-ISIL factions in Turkey Kurdish organisations Kurdistan Workers' Party Left-wing militant groups in Turkey Military wings of socialist parties Rebel groups in Tu ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
People's Defence Forces
The People's Defence Forces (, HPG) was the military wing of the group Kurdistan Workers' Party (PKK). During the 7th Congress of the PKK in January 2000, the HPG replaced the former military wing of the PKK, the People's Liberation Army of Kurdistan (''Artêşa Rizgariya Gelê Kurdistan'', ARGK). The replacement was intended to demonstrate the search for a peaceful solution of the Kurdish-Turkish conflict, after the capture of Abdullah Öcalan in 1999. The HPG played an active role in the peace negotiations between the Turkish Government and the PKK in 2013, as it hosted a delegation consisting of several politicians from the Peace and Democracy Party (BDP) and members of the Turkish Human Rights Association (IHD) and agreed to release soldiers of the Turkish army as well as a Turkish politician, who they held captive. In 2014, the HPG was involved in the fight against the Islamic State (ISIS) in Sinjar. As far as can be judged from the publications, one of the basic HPG ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Êzîdxan Women's Units
The Êzîdxan Women's Units ( or YJÊ) is a Yazidi all-women militia formed in Iraq in 2015 to protect the Yazidi community in the wake of attacks by the Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant and other Islamist groups that view Yazidis as pagan infidels. An offshoot of the mixed-gender Yazidi militia Sinjar Resistance Units (YBŞ), the YJÊ was founded on 5 January 2015 under the original name of Yekîneyên Parastina Jin ê Şengalê (, YJŞ), or YPJ-Sinjar. The militia adopted its current name on 26 October 2015. The organization follows imprisoned PKK leader Abdullah Öcalan's feminist Jineology, and with the broader concept of democratic confederalism Democratic confederalism (), also known as Kurdish communalism, Öcalanism, or Apoism, is a political concept theorized by Kurdistan Workers Party (PKK) leader Abdullah Öcalan about a system of democratic self-organization with the features o ... as advocated by the Group of Communities in Kurdistan (KCK). Activity ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Sinjar Resistance Units
The Sinjar Resistance Units (; ''YBŞ'') is a Yazidi militia formed in Sinjar, northern Iraq. It was formed in 2007 to protect Yazidis in the wake of the Qahtaniyah bombings. It is the second largest Yazidi militia, after the pro- KRG Êzîdxan Protection Force (HPÊ). However, it is much more active than the HPÊ in fighting against the Islamic State. Together with its newly founded all-women offshoot, the Êzîdxan Women's Units (YJÊ), and the Sinjar Protection Units (HPŞ), in October 2015 it founded the all-Yazidi joint command umbrella structure Sinjar Alliance. YBŞ and YJÊ are part of the Kurdistan Communities Union (KCK) and work with the People's Defence Forces (HPG) of the Kurdistan Workers' Party (PKK). Parts of the YBŞ eventually joined the Popular Mobilization Forces (PMF) as part of an initiative to integrate into the regular Iraqi Armed Forces; these elements are officially known as the 80th Regiment. History The militia was formed in Iraq in 2007 to ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Êzîdxan Protection Force
The Êzîdxan Protection Force (HPÊ) (, ), is a Yazidi military force founded by Haydar Shesho in the summer of 2014 in response to the Sinjar massacre. It was bigger than the other main Yazidi militia who took part in the liberation of Sinjar from the Islamic State, the Sinjar Resistance Units, which is aligned with the PKK-backed Kurdistan Communities Union. The militia was known as the Protection Force of Sinjar or HPŞ (), also translated as Sinjar Defense Units or Sinjar Protection Force, until November 2015, when it changed its name to ''Hêza Parastina Êzîdxanê'' or HPÊ. Haydar Shesho was arrested on 5 April 2015 by the Kurdistan Democratic Party's Kurdistan Regional Government forces for "creating an illegitimate new militia." He was released a week later after it was negotiated that he would register with the KRG's Ministry of Peshmerga. He has been quoted as saying "We fight only for Yazidis, not for any party." In October 2015, the HPŞ participated in the foun ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Zeravani
The Zerevani (, meaning "Guard" or "Guardian") (or Zeravani, sometimes Zeravani Army) are the militarized force (described as a gendarmerie by some) operated by Kurdistan Regional Government. Organization and Mission The Zêrevanî are under the operational control of the Kurdish Ministry of the Interior but are a part of the Peshmerga (armed forces), and provide security for government and industrial property and support to civilian police & the military. The first Commanding Chief of Zêrevanî was Faridun Jwanroyi, Fraydoon resigned in 2010 and Aziz Weysi Bani was assigned as the Major General of the Zêrevanî. The Zêrevanî were established in 1997 by the KDP in order to support the police and Asayish (Kurdistan Regional Government), Asaysh forces; according to Major General Aziz Waisi, the Zêrevanî's role over the years expanded to also protect electricity stations and water resources, as well as embassies, consulates, government offices and other sensitive targets ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Peshmerga
The Peshmerga () are the internal security forces of Kurdistan Region. According to the Constitution of Iraq, regional governments are responsible for "the establishment and organization of the internal security forces for the region such as police, security forces, and guards of the region". Other Kurdish security agencies include the Zêrevanî (gendarmerie), Asayish ( security and counterterrorism service), and the '' Parastin û Zanyarî'' (intelligence agency). The Peshmerga's history dates back to the 18th century, when they began as a tribal paramilitary border guard under the Ottoman Turks and the Safavid Kurds. By the 19th century, they had evolved into a disciplined and well-trained guerrilla force. Formally, the Peshmerga are under the command of the Ministry of Peshmerga Affairs of the Kurdistan Regional Government. In practice, however, the Peshmerga's structure is largely divided and controlled separately by the two Iraqi Kurdish political parties: the Democr ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
