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Noureddin Alamouti
Noureddin Alamouti () (1901–1965) was an Iranian judge and politician. He served as the justice minister under the cabinet of Ali Amini, during which he was noted for forming a powerful anti-corruption division that led to "the last serious attempt to realize the rule of law" in Pahlavi Iran. Early life He came from the rural district of Alamut. In 1919, he joined the Democrat Party and was imprisoned in 1923 for "agitating among the local peasantry". Alamouti was employed at the justice ministry during the rule of Reza Shah. Political career One of the members of the " group of fifty-three", he was jailed in 1938. He later joined the Tudeh Party of Iran immediately after its establishment in 1941 and was elected to its provisional central committee. At the party's first congress in 1944, he was elected to the central committee and served as the party's general-secretary, a position he shared with Mohammad Bahrami and Iraj Eskandari. He was listed by Tudeh for a Tehran sea ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ministry Of Justice (Iran)
The Ministry of Justice is one of the Islamic Republic of Iran's ministries. Established in the Constitution of Iran, it has the responsibility of coordinating between the judicial branch and other branches of the government. The Chief Justice of Iran can delegate financial and management of the judiciary as well as the hiring of non-Judges to the Minister of Justice. Introduction Established in 1906, the Minister of Justice is responsible for prosecuting government cases, acting as the attorney-general of the country. They do not act as police, which is the responsibility of the Interior Minister of the Islamic Republic of Iran. The ministry's headquarters was opened in 1938 and reflects pure European architectural style. Justic minister's selection According to Article 130 of the Constitution, the chief justice nominates some candidates for serving as Justice Minister and then the president selects one of them. Responsibilities Deputy ministries The Ministry of Just ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Mohammad Bahrami
Mohammad Bahrami (, 1898–1957) was an Iranian communist politician. Bahrami belonged to the group of " fifty-three" and was a senior member of the Tudeh Party of Iran The Tudeh Party of Iran is an Iranian communist party. Formed in 1941, with Soleiman Mirza Eskandari as its head, it had considerable influence in its early years and played an important role during Mohammad Mosaddegh's campaign to nationalize .... He was a member of the executive committee of the party and served as the acting first-secretary during exile of Reza Radmanesh, when the party went underground. He was imprisoned in 1955 and released in 1957. Shortly after, he died from diabetes, which he suffered since the 1930s. References First secretaries of Tudeh Party of Iran 1898 births 1957 deaths Humboldt University of Berlin alumni Iranian expatriates in East Germany Diabetes-related deaths Co-General-Secretaries of the Tudeh Party of Iran Communist Party of Persia politicians ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Reza Radmanesh
Reza Radmanesh (; 1905/06–1983) was an Iranian physicist, communist politician and general secretary of the Tudeh Party of Iran. According to Abbas Milani, he was "one of the most prominent members of the Iranian communist movement". Early life and education Radmanesh was born into a Gilak landed upper-class family. He helped the local Jangalis as a teenager; and joined the Socialist Party while he studied at Dar ul-Funun. He went to France to study physics, and met Taghi Arani, before he returned to Iran as a junior member of The Fifty-Three. He was sentenced to five years of imprisonment. Career Radmanesh was a leading and dominating personality in the Tudeh Party of Iran, serving as a member of the party's central committee, head of its youth wing and its parliamentary leader A parliamentary leader is a political title or a descriptive term used in various countries to designate the person leading a parliamentary group or caucus in a legislature, legislative body, ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Soleiman Eskandari
Soleiman Mirza Eskandari (; 1875 – 7 January 1944) was an Iranian Qajar prince and socialist politician. A civil servant and constitutionalist activist, he served as a member of parliament for four consecutive terms and briefly served as the education minister (''mo'āref''). During his career, Eskandari was associated with Democrat, Socialist and Tudeh parties. In the aftermath of the Anglo-Soviet invasion of Iran during World War II, the Soviet Union was occupying an area in the north of the country that included the capital of Tehran Tehran (; , ''Tehrân'') is the capital and largest city of Iran. It is the capital of Tehran province, and the administrative center for Tehran County and its Central District (Tehran County), Central District. With a population of around 9. ... and took advantage of this position by fostering the creation of the communist Tudeh party under the leadership of Eskandari. References * 1875 births 1944 deaths Iranian p ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Anti-corruption
Anti-corruption (or anticorruption) comprises activities that oppose or inhibit corruption. Just as corruption takes many forms, anti-corruption efforts vary in scope and in strategy. A general distinction between preventive and reactive measures is sometimes drawn. In such framework, investigative authorities and their attempts to unveil corrupt practices would be considered reactive, while education on the negative impact of corruption, or firm-internal compliance programs are classified as the former. History Early history The code of Hammurabi (), the Edict of Horemheb (), and the Arthasastra (2nd century BC) are among the earliest written proofs of anti-corruption efforts. All of those early texts are condemning bribes in order to influence the decision by civil servants, especially in the judicial sector. During the time of the Roman Empire, corruption was also inhibited, such as by a decree issued by emperor Constantine I in 331. In ancient times, moral pr ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ahmad Sayyed Javadi
Ahmad Sayyed Javadi (; 24 June 1917 – 31 March 2013) was an Iranian lawyer, political activist and politician, who served as interior minister and justice minister. He was the first interior minister after the 1979 revolution in Iran. Early life and education Javadi was born into a devoutly religious family in Qazvin on 24 June 1917. The members of his family were Shiite clergy and merchants. He received a law degree and a PhD in political science. Javadi was the eldest of three brothers. One of his brothers, Ali, was a journalist who worked for '' Kayhan'' newspaper. Another, Hassan, was also a journalist who served as the editor-in-chief of the daily newspaper '' Ettelaat''. He was the cousin of Ziaeddin Haj Sayyed Javadi, who was a member of the Majlis during the premiership of Mohammad Mosaddegh. Career and political activities Javadi, along with Mehdi Bazargan, Yadollah Sahabi and Ayatollah Mahmoud Taleghani, founded the Liberation Movement (LMI; Nehzat-e-Azad-e-I ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Abol Hassan Ebtehaj
Abol Hassan Ebtehaj (1899– 1999) was an Iranian banker and administrator who headed the Bank Melli during the rule of the Shah Mohammad Reza Pahlavi. Ebtehaj was the first technocrat of Iran. Eugene R. Black Sr., former president of the World Bank, reported that he was "one of the most significant Iranians of the post-World War II period ... an outstanding pioneer in Third World development, a nationalist utterly committed to the promotion of his country's interests." Early life and education Ebtehaj was born in Rasht on 29 November 1899. His father was a customs official. At age 11 he was sent to the Lycée Montaigne in Paris. Then he continued his studies at the Syrian Protestant College, today American University, in Beirut. Career Ebtehaj started his career at the Imperial Bank of Iran in 1920. He became a government inspector for the Agricultural Bank in 1936 and also, worked as an inspector for the state-owned enterprises. He was named as vice-president of Bank Melli, th ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Management And Planning Organization Of Iran
Management and Planning Organization of Iran (MPO) is an organization of the Government of Iran. It was first established after the decision of President Mahmoud Ahmadinejad for terminating the Plan and Budget Organization of the Islamic Republic of Iran, Plan and Budget Organization (PBO) in 2007. In July 2007, the MPO was dissolved after a direct order from President Mahmoud Ahmadinejad. Although the MPO was a state body whose head was appointed by the president, it was relatively independent organisation. President Ahmadinejad, however, established a new budget planning body directly under his control, a move that may give him a freer hand to implement populist policies blamed for driving up prices. Economist Fariborz Raiis-Dana said that the decision dealt the coup de grâce to the structure of the national management organization. Iranian MP Esmaeil Gramimoqaddam said that the president's directive is illegal and the Iranian parliament, parliament opposes his decision. "The pr ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Shahrbani
''Shahrbani'' ( ; ), formerly called ''Nazmiyeh'' ( ; ), was a law enforcement force in Iran with police duties inside cities. Founded during the Qajar Iran, Qajar era, it was eventually merged in 1991 with the Iranian Gendarmerie and the Islamic Revolution Committees to form the Police Command of the Islamic Republic of Iran (Faraja).Schirazi ''The Constitution of Iran'' (1997), p.152 References Shahrbani Government agencies established in 1913 Government agencies disestablished in 1991 1913 establishments in Iran 1991 disestablishments in Iran Defunct law enforcement agencies of Iran {{Iran-mil-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Abuse Of Power
Abuse of power or abuse of authority, in the form of "malfeasance in office" or "official abuse of power", is the commission of an Crime, unlawful act, done in an official capacity, which affects the performance of official duties. Malfeasance in office is often a Just cause (employment law), just cause for removal of an elected official by statute or recall election. Officials who abuse their power are often corruption, corrupt. In the United States, abuse of power has been cited in the Federal impeachment in the United States, impeachment of at least five federal officials. Two of these (Judge George W. English, George English and President Richard Nixon) resigned before their trial in the Senate could take place, and two others were acquitted by the Senate. The first impeachment trial of President Donald Trump concluded with the president being found not guilty on both articles of impeachment with one of them being the charge of abuse of power. At the state level, Governor ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Mohammad Reza Shah
Mohammad Reza Pahlavi (26 October 1919 – 27 July 1980) was the last Shah of Iran, ruling from 1941 to 1979. He succeeded his father Reza Shah and ruled the Imperial State of Iran until he was overthrown by the Iranian Revolution, which abolished the Iranian monarchy to establish the present-day Islamic Republic of Iran. In 1967, he took the title (), and also held several others, including () and (). He was the second and last ruling monarch of the Pahlavi dynasty. His vision of the " Great Civilization" () led to his leadership over rapid industrial and military modernization, as well as economic and social reforms in Iran. During World War II, the Anglo-Soviet invasion of Iran forced the abdication of Reza Shah and succession of Mohammad Reza Shah. During his reign, the British-owned oil industry was nationalized by the prime minister Mohammad Mosaddegh, who had support from Iran's national parliament to do so; however, Mosaddegh was overthrown in the 1953 Iranian ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ahmad Qavam
Ahmad Qavam (2 January 1873 – 23 July 1955; ), also known as Qavam os-Saltaneh (), was an Iranian politician who served as Prime Minister of Iran five times. Early life Qavam was born in 1873 to the prominent Iranian Qavam family. His uncle, Amin Aldoleh, was a Prime Minister of Iran. Hasan Vossug, who also served as Iran's Prime Minister twice, was his older brother. Qavam served in the court of Naser al-Din Shah Qajar early in his career and obtained the title ''os-Saltaneh'' during the Constitutional Revolution of Iran in 1909. The letter signed by Mozaffar ad-Din Shah Qajar in acceptance of the Constitutional Revolution was written by Qavam, who had the title of ''Dabir-e Hozoor'' (Private Secretary) at the time. Qavam became Prime Minister several times during both the Qajar and Pahlavi eras. Twice he played a significant role in preventing the Soviet Union from annexing Iran's northern provinces. Political career Qavam was appointed governor of Khorasan provin ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
