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Northern Alliance (Burma)
The Northern Alliance, officially the Northern Alliance – Burma (; abbreviated NA-B), is a military coalition in Myanmar composed of four ethnic insurgent groups: the Arakan Army (AA), the Kachin Independence Army (KIA), the Myanmar National Democratic Alliance Army (MNDAA) and the Ta'ang National Liberation Army (TNLA). Since December 2016, the Northern Alliance has been in fierce military confrontations with the Tatmadaw (Myanmar Armed Forces) in the towns of Muse, Mong Ko, Pang Hseng, Namhkam and Kutkai in Shan State. The Northern Alliance members are also part of the Federal Political Negotiation and Consultative Committee The Federal Political Negotiation and Consultative Committee (, abbreviated FPNCC) is an alliance and coalition of seven ethnic armed organisations (EAOs) in Myanmar seeking to negotiate with the central government. Four FPNCC membersthe Arakan ... (FPNCC). References External linksNorthern Alliance{{Insurgent groups in Myanmar 2016 establis ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Internal Conflict In Myanmar
Myanmar has been embroiled in armed conflict since 1948, when the country, then known as Burma, Burmese Declaration of Independence, gained independence from the United Kingdom. The conflict has largely been Ethnic conflict, ethnic-based, with List of ethnic armed organisations, ethnic armed organisations fighting Myanmar's armed forces, the Tatmadaw, for self-determination. Despite Ceasefires in Myanmar, numerous ceasefires and the creation of autonomous self-administered zones in 2008, armed groups continue to call for independence, Autonomous administrative division, increased autonomy, or the Federalism in Myanmar, federalisation of Myanmar. It is the world's longest ongoing civil war, spanning almost eight decades. In 1940, during World War II, Burmese intellectuals formed the Thirty Comrades, who established the Burma Independence Army (BIA) to fight against Allies of World War II, the Allies. Aung San led the Axis powers, Axis-puppet State of Burma, before switching all ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Muse Offensive
The Muse offensive, also known as the Mong Ko offensive, was a joint military operation by members of the Northern Alliance, consisting of the Arakan Army (AA), the Kachin Independence Army (KIA), the Myanmar National Democratic Alliance Army (MNDAA) and the Ta'ang National Liberation Army (TNLA). The groups targeted towns and border posts along the China–Myanmar border in Muse Township, Myanmar. Timeline On the morning of 20 November 2016, MNDAA and Arakan Army troops attacked the town of Mong Ko at 3:00 am ( MMT), KIA troops attacked the town of Pang Sai at 6:00 am, and two battalions of the TNLA's 5th Brigade attacked border police and army posts in Muse Township at 8:00 am. Eight people were killed in the attack—one soldier, three policemen and 4 civilians—whilst 26 others were wounded. The Myanmar Army responded to the attacks by shelling insurgent bases in Muse Township, and the Myanmar Air Force began launching more airstrikes in the area as well, resulting in ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ethnic Armed Organisations In Myanmar
An ethnicity or ethnic group is a group of people with shared attributes, which they collectively believe to have, and long-term endogamy. Ethnicities share attributes like language, culture, common sets of ancestry, traditions, society, religion, history or social treatment. Ethnicities may also have a narrow or broad spectrum of genetic ancestry, with some groups having mixed genetic ancestry. ''Ethnicity'' is sometimes used interchangeably with ''nation'', particularly in cases of ethnic nationalism. It is also used interchangeably with '' race'' although not all ethnicities identify as racial groups. By way of assimilation, acculturation, amalgamation, language shift, intermarriage, adoption and religious conversion, individuals or groups may over time shift from one ethnic group to another. Ethnic groups may be divided into subgroups or tribes, which over time may become separate ethnic groups themselves due to endogamy or physical isolation from the parent group. Co ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
2016 Establishments In Myanmar
Sixteen or 16 may refer to: *16 (number) *one of the years 16 BC, AD 16, 1916, 2016 Films * ''Pathinaaru'' or ''Sixteen'', a 2010 Tamil film * ''Sixteen'' (1943 film), a 1943 Argentine film directed by Carlos Hugo Christensen * ''Sixteen'' (2013 Indian film), a 2013 Hindi film * ''Sixteen'' (2013 British film), a 2013 British film by director Rob Brown Music *The Sixteen, an English choir *16 (band), a sludge metal band * Sixteen (Polish band), a Polish band Albums * ''16'' (Robin album), a 2014 album by Robin * 16 (Madhouse album), a 1987 album by Madhouse * ''Sixteen'' (album), a 1983 album by Stacy Lattisaw *''Sixteen'' , a 2005 album by Shook Ones * ''16'', a 2020 album by Wejdene Songs * "16" (Sneaky Sound System song), 2009 * "Sixteen" (Thomas Rhett song), 2017 * "Sixteen" (Ellie Goulding song), 2019 *"Six7een", by Hori7on, 2023 *"16", by Craig David from ''Following My Intuition'', 2016 *"16", by Green Day from ''39/Smooth'', 1990 *"16", by Highly Suspect from ''MCID' ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Federal Political Negotiation And Consultative Committee
The Federal Political Negotiation and Consultative Committee (, abbreviated FPNCC) is an alliance and coalition of seven ethnic armed organisations (EAOs) in Myanmar seeking to negotiate with the central government. Four FPNCC membersthe Arakan Army (AA), the Kachin Independence Army (KIA), the Myanmar National Democratic Alliance Army (MNDAA) and the Ta'ang National Liberation Army (TNLA)are also members of the Northern Alliance. The FPNCC is the largest negotiating body of EAOs in the country. The Chinese government formally engages with the FPNCC, which is also recognised by the Chinese government as an EAO negotiation body with the Burmese central government. The FPNCC was established on 19 April 2017, in Pangkham, the headquarters of the United Wa State Army. FPNCC was formed in response to the failure of the United Nationalities Federal Council to generate trust among member EAOs, four of which (KIA, SSPP, MNDAA, and AA) broke away from the council. The seven founding membe ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Kutkai
Kutkai ( ''kwat hkuing'' ) is the capital of Kutkai District and seat of Kutkai Township, in northern Shan State of eastern Myanmar. It lies along National Highway 3, approximately 24 kilometres to the north of Lashio. History In the early 20th century, the area around Kutkai was explored by British botanists. In 1912, Stephenson documented that he had found the earthworm species '' Pheretima molesta'' of the genus Pheretima in Katkai. Shan State became a major area for Christian missions to Burma in the mid-19th century. Kutkai was an important centre for the Kachin Baptist Church and was visited by missionaries, notably Baptist Reverend George J. Geis in the 1930s and Gustaf A. Sword from 1936 to 1942. Geis died in Kutkai on October 28, 1936 whilst he was working there at the Kachin Bible Training School he had established. During World War II, Kutkai was occupied by the Japanese. On September 10, 1944, the Chinese Fourteenth Air Force sent out 45 B-25 Mitchells to bom ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Namhkam, Shan State
Namhkam (; ; ), also spelled Nam Kham is the principal town of Namhkam Township in northern Shan State, Myanmar, situated on the southern bank of the Shweli River near the border with Yunnan Province, China. History The region surrounding Namhkam originally belonged to China, but from 1894 to 1897, the British colonial administration in Burma built a road between this frontier town and Bhamo by the Ayeyarwady River in Kachin State for a distance of . The road was intended to be used by Chinese muleteers for the benefit of border trade. During the Second World War, the Allies built the Ledo Road, stretching from Ledo in Assam, India to Kunming, China, across northern Burma. By the end of 1944, the road stretched to Namhkam, linking up with the old Burma Road at Bhamo. In 2005, the Shan State Army - South attempted to fill a power vacuum in Namhkam left by the 1989 ceasefire agreement between their counterparts in the north and the Burmese military, but their attempt was promp ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Pang Hseng
Pang Hseng, also known as ''Pan Saing'', ''Kyu Koke'' and ''Kyu-hkök'', is a town in Mu Se Township, Mu Se District, northern Shan State, Myanmar. On 2 November 2023 it was reported that the town had come fully under control of the Brotherhood Alliance during the ongoing civil war. Geography Pang Hseng lies 25 km west of Mong Ko (Monekoe) by the border with China China, officially the People's Republic of China (PRC), is a country in East Asia. With population of China, a population exceeding 1.4 billion, it is the list of countries by population (United Nations), second-most populous country after ..., the nearest town being Wandingzhen (Wanting) to the north across the river. There is a border checkpoint in the town. Further reading Shan (North) State, Myanmar - MimuMap - Districts of Shan (North) Stateh1> References External linksGoogle Map - Pang Hseng, Myanmar (Burma) [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Mong Ko
Mong Ko (; zh, c=勐古, p=Měng gǔ), sometimes spelled Mongko or Monekoe and also known as Man Kan, Man Guo and Panglong, is a town in Mu Se Township, Mu Se District, northern Shan State, Myanmar. Like many towns in the region, Mong Ko is known to be a hotspot for drug production and trade. Geography Mong Ko lies by the China–Myanmar border, 25 km east of Pang Hseng (Kyu Koke). There is a border checkpoint in the town. The town on the Chinese part of the border is Manghai in Mangshi county-level city, Yunnan Province. History The Communist Party of Burma (CPB) entered Shan State on New Year Day 1968, captured Mong Ko, and established the first war zone ‘303’ of the CPB North-East Command (NEC). This was quickly followed by ‘404’ in Kokang substate winning over the local warlord Pheung Kya-shin. For 20 years Pheung controlled Kokang as a member of the Communist Party of Burma. In 1989, however, the CPB split up and Pheung established his own army, the Myanmar Nat ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Muse, Myanmar
Muse (; ) is the capital of Mu Se District and the principal town of Mu Se Township in northern Shan State, Myanmar. It is a border town situated on the Shweli River (Nam Mao), and is connected by a bridge to Ruili (Shweli, , in Burmese) in Yunnan Province, China. The town is a major regional trade hub with China, accounting for 70% of cross-border trade between the two nations. History The old bridge in Muse, dubbed the "Gun Bridge" by locals in reference to the frequency of illegal armaments trafficking through the bridge, was closed in 2005, replaced by a wider bridge parallel to it. In 2014, the governments of Myanmar and China have been discussing a border dispute in the area of Namkham and Muse. On May 23, 2021, the People's Defense Force, the armed forces of the National Unity Government, clashed with Tatmadaw forces in Muse, killing 13 security guards. During Operation 1027, the Three Brotherhood Alliance began clashing with the Tatmadaw over control of Muse. The mai ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Myanmar
Myanmar, officially the Republic of the Union of Myanmar; and also referred to as Burma (the official English name until 1989), is a country in northwest Southeast Asia. It is the largest country by area in Mainland Southeast Asia and has a population of about 55 million. It is bordered by India and Bangladesh to its northwest, China to its northeast, Laos and Thailand to its east and southeast, and the Andaman Sea and the Bay of Bengal to its south and southwest. The country's capital city is Naypyidaw, and its largest city is Yangon (formerly Rangoon). Early civilisations in the area included the Tibeto-Burman-speaking Pyu city-states in Upper Myanmar and the Mon kingdoms in Lower Myanmar. In the 9th century, the Bamar people entered the upper Irrawaddy River, Irrawaddy valley, and following the establishment of the Pagan Kingdom in the 1050s, the Burmese language and Culture of Myanmar, culture and Buddhism in Myanmar, Theravada Buddhism slowly became dominant in the co ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Coalition
A coalition is formed when two or more people or groups temporarily work together to achieve a common goal. The term is most frequently used to denote a formation of power in political, military, or economic spaces. Formation According to ''A Guide for Political Parties'' published by the National Democratic Institute and the Oslo Center for Peace and Human Rights, there are five steps to coalition building. The first step in coalition building involves ''developing a party strategy'' that will prepare for successful negotiation. The more effort parties place on this step, the more likely they are to identify strategic partners, negotiate a good deal and avoid some of the common mistakes associated with coalition building. The second step is ''negotiating a coalition''. Based on the strategy that each party has prepared, the parties come together to negotiate and reach an agreement on the coalition terms. Depending on the context and objectives of the coalition, these negotia ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
