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North American Integration
North American integration is the process of economic and political integration in North America, largely centred on the integration of Canada, Mexico, and the United States. History North American Accord and free trade While Ronald Reagan was organizing his run for the 1980 U.S. presidential election, two of his policy advisers, Richard V. Allen and Peter Hannaford, were traveling with him in Europe. They developed and proposed to him an idea regarding cooperation in North America, especially in the energy sector. A few months later, another colleague, domestic policy advisor Martin Anderson, suggested calling the proposal the "North American Accord". It would create a common market among the United States, Canada, and Mexico. Reagan saw this proposal as a solution to undocumented immigration and other problems between the U.S. and its neighbours. Despite being greeted with some scepticism and resistance from leaders in Canada and Mexico, Reagan endorsed the idea when he ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
North America
North America is a continent in the Northern Hemisphere, Northern and Western Hemisphere, Western hemispheres. North America is bordered to the north by the Arctic Ocean, to the east by the Atlantic Ocean, to the southeast by South America and the Caribbean Sea, and to the south and west by the Pacific Ocean. The region includes Middle America (Americas), Middle America (comprising the Caribbean, Central America, and Mexico) and Northern America. North America covers an area of about , representing approximately 16.5% of Earth's land area and 4.8% of its total surface area. It is the third-largest continent by size after Asia and Africa, and the list of continents and continental subregions by population, fourth-largest continent by population after Asia, Africa, and Europe. , North America's population was estimated as over 592 million people in list of sovereign states and dependent territories in North America, 23 independent states, or about 7.5% of the world's popula ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Vicente Fox
Vicente Fox Quesada (; born 2 July 1942) is a Mexican businessman and politician who served as the 62nd president of Mexico from 2000 to 2006. After campaigning as a Right-wing populism, right-wing populist, Fox was elected president on the National Action Party (Mexico), National Action Party (PAN) ticket in the 2000 Mexican general election, 2000 election. He became the first president not from the Institutional Revolutionary Party (PRI) since 1929, and the first elected from an opposition party since Francisco I. Madero in 1911. Fox won the election with 43 percent of the vote. Considered a social-welfare promoter, along with Julio Frenk Mora formulated, signed and implemented the Seguro Popular who helped circa 55 million independent workers. As president, Fox continued the neoliberal economic policies his predecessors from the PRI had adopted since the 1980s. The first half of his administration saw a further shift of the federal government to the right, strong relations w ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
NARA
The National Archives and Records Administration (NARA) is an independent agency of the United States government within the executive branch, charged with the preservation and documentation of government and historical records. It is also tasked with increasing public access to those documents that make up the National Archives. NARA is officially responsible for maintaining and publishing the legally authentic and authoritative copies of acts of Congress, presidential directives, and federal regulations. NARA also transmits votes of the Electoral College to Congress. It also examines Electoral College and constitutional amendment ratification documents for prima facie legal sufficiency and an authenticating signature. The National Archives, and its publicly exhibited Charters of Freedom, which include the original United States Declaration of Independence, Constitution of the United States, United States Bill of Rights, Emancipation Proclamation (starting in 2026), and ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Canada–United States Border
The international border between Canada and the United States is the longest in the world by total length. The boundary (including boundaries in the Great Lakes, Atlantic, and Pacific coasts) is long. The land border has two sections: Canada's border with the Northern Tier (United States), northern tier of the contiguous United States to its south, and with the U.S. state of Alaska to its west. The bi-national International Boundary Commission deals with matters relating to marking and maintaining the boundary, and the International Joint Commission deals with issues concerning boundary waters. The agencies responsible for facilitating legal passage through the international boundary are the Canada Border Services Agency (CBSA) and U.S. Customs and Border Protection (CBP). History 18th century The Treaty of Paris (1783), Treaty of Paris of 1783 ended the American Revolutionary War between Kingdom of Great Britain, Great Britain and the United States. In the second article o ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Multi-speed Europe
Multi-speed Europe or two-speed Europe (called also variable geometry Europe or core Europe depending on the form it would take in practice) is the idea that different parts of the European Union should integrate at different levels and pace depending on the political situation in each individual country. Indeed, multi-speed Europe is currently a reality, with only a subset of EU countries being members of the eurozone and of the Schengen area. Like other forms of differentiated integration such as à la carte and variable geometry, "multi-speed Europe" arguably aims to salvage the "widening and deepening of the European Union" in the face of political opposition. Reasons and actuality of the concept The concept entered political discourse when, after the end of the Cold War, an eastward enlargement of the European Union began to materialise and the question arose how "widening" could be made compatible with "deepening", i.e., how the imminent enlargement process could be p ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Lubin School Of Business
The Joseph I. Lubin School of Business is the business school of Pace University. The school was established in 1906, as the 'Pace School of Accountancy,' to prepare men and women for the CPA exam, and was named after Joseph Lubin (accountant), Joseph I. Lubin, an alumnus and benefactor of the school, in 1981. The school is located at Pace University's campuses in New York City and Westchester County, New York, Westchester County, New York (state), New York. Undergraduate programs are offered in New York City and Pleasantville, New York, Pleasantville, while graduate programs are offered in New York City and White Plains, New York, White Plains. Degree programs Undergraduate degrees Lubin offers Bachelor of Business Administration, undergraduate degrees in accounting, finance, general business, taxation, management, international management, management science, marketing, quantitative business analysis, and information systems. Management students can choose to concentrate in t ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Council Of The Americas
A council is a group of people who come together to consult, deliberate, or make decisions. A council may function as a legislature, especially at a town, city or county/shire level, but most legislative bodies at the state/provincial or national level are not considered councils. At such levels, there may be no separate executive branch, and the council may effectively represent the entire government. A board of directors might also be denoted as a council. A committee might also be denoted as a council, though a committee is generally a subordinate body composed of members of a larger body, while a council may not be. Because many schools have a student council, the council is the form of governance with which many people are likely to have their first experience as electors or participants. A member of a council may be referred to as a councillor or councilperson, or by the gender-specific titles of councilman and councilwoman. In politics Notable examples of types of co ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
North American Competitiveness Council
The Security and Prosperity Partnership of North America (SPP) was a supra-national level dialogue with the stated purpose of providing greater cooperation on security and economic issues. The Partnership was founded in Waco, Texas, Waco, Texas, on March 23, 2005, by Prime Minister of Canada Paul Martin, President of Mexico Vicente Fox, and U.S. President George W. Bush. It was the second of such regional-level initiatives involving the United States following the 1997 Partnership for Prosperity and Security in the Caribbean (PPS). Since August 2009, the SPP is no longer active. It has been largely superseded by the annual North American Leaders' Summit, an event that was established as part of the SPP. Organization The SPP was neither a treaty nor a trade agreement. The initial SPP Working Groups were the Manufactured Goods and Sectoral and Regional Competitiveness Working Group, E-Commerce & ICT Working Group, Energy Working Group, Transportation Working Group, Food & Agricul ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Carlos Gutierrez
Carlos Miguel Gutierrez (originally Gutiérrez; born November 4, 1953) is an American former CEO and former United States Secretary of Commerce. He is currently a co-founder and executive chairman of EmPath. Gutierrez is a former chairman of the board and CEO of the Kellogg Company.Strong Praise for Carlos Gutierrez He served as the 35th U.S. Secretary of Commerce from 2005 to 2009. Early life and education Gutierrez is of Spanish descent. He was born in , , the son of a |
Paul Martin
Paul Edgar Philippe Martin (born August 28, 1938), also known as Paul Martin Jr., is a Canadian lawyer and retired politician who served as the 21st prime minister of Canada and the leader of the Liberal Party of Canada from 2003 to 2006. The son of former Senate of Canada, senator and Minister of Foreign Affairs (Canada), secretary of state for external affairs Paul Martin Sr., Martin was a lawyer from Ontario before he became president and the chief executive officer of Canada Steamship Lines in 1973. He held that position until his election as a Member of Parliament (Canada), member of Parliament for the Montreal electoral district (Canada), riding of LaSalle—Émard in 1988 Canadian federal election, 1988. Martin ran for leader of the Liberal Party in 1990 Liberal Party of Canada leadership election, 1990, losing to Jean Chrétien. Martin would become Chrétien's longtime rival for the leadership of the party, though was appointed his Minister of Finance (Canada), ministe ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Supranational Union
A supranational union is a type of international organization and political union that is empowered to directly exercise some of the powers and functions otherwise reserved to State (polity), states. A supranational organization involves a greater transfer of or limitation of state sovereignty than other kinds of international organizations. The European Union (EU) has been described as a paradigmatic case of a supranational organization, as it has deep political, economic and social integration, which includes a Single market, common market, Schengen Area, joint border control, a European Court of Justice, supreme court, and regular Elections to the European Parliament, popular elections. Another method of decision-making in international organisations is intergovernmentalism, in which state governments play a more prominent role. Origin as a legal concept After the dropping of atomic bombs on Hiroshima and Nagasaki in August 1945, Albert Einstein spoke and wrote frequentl ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Jean Chrétien
Joseph Jacques Jean Chrétien (; born January 11, 1934) is a retired Canadian politician, statesman, and lawyer who served as the 20th prime minister of Canada from 1993 to 2003. He served as Leader of the Liberal Party of Canada, leader of the Liberal Party of Canada from 1990 to 2003 and as Leader of the Official Opposition (Canada), leader of the Opposition from 1990 to 1993. Born and raised in Shawinigan, Shawinigan Falls, Quebec, Chrétien is a law graduate from Université Laval. A Liberal Party of Canada, Liberal, he was first elected to the House of Commons of Canada, House of Commons in 1963 Canadian federal election, 1963. He served in various cabinet posts under Prime Minister Pierre Trudeau, most prominently as Minister of Indian Affairs and Northern Development, minister of Indian affairs and northern development, president of the Treasury Board, Minister of Finance (Canada), minister of finance, and Minister of Justice (Canada), minister of justice. He unsuccessf ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
