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Norman Calder
Norman Calder (1950-1998) was a British historian. Life Norman Calder was born in Buckie, Moray, Scotland, United Kingdom. In 1969 Calder went to Wadham College, Oxford, and received a first in Arabic and Persian language in 1972. Then he went to the Middle East for four years where he worked as an English teacher. Back in Britain, he joined the School of Oriental and African Studies SOAS in London and made his Ph.D. under John Wansbrough. In 1980 he went to the University of Manchester to the Department of Middle Eastern Studies. There, he was Senior Lecturer in Arabic until his death. As a student of Wansbrough, Calder belongs to the so-called "revisionist" school of Islamic Studies. Research Calder concentrated on Islamic Law in the early times of Islam. He analysed the earliest texts of Islamic Law applying historical-critical method, especially literary criticism. He found that the earliest texts of Islamic Law were not written by a single author but were products of a lon ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
School Of Oriental And African Studies
SOAS University of London (; the School of Oriental and African Studies) is a public research university in London, England, and a member institution of the federal University of London. Founded in 1916, SOAS is located in the Bloomsbury area of central London. SOAS is one of the world's leading institutions for the study of Asia, Africa, and the Middle East. Its library is one of the five national research libraries in the UK. SOAS also houses the Brunei Gallery, which hosts a programme of changing contemporary and historical exhibitions from Asia, Africa, and the Middle East with the aim of presenting and promoting cultures from these regions. SOAS is divided into three faculties: Faculty of Arts and Humanities, Faculty of Languages and Cultures, and Faculty of Law and Social Sciences. It is home to the SOAS School of Law, which is one of the leading law schools in the UK. The university offers around 350 bachelor's degree combinations, more than 100 one-year master's deg ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
John Wansbrough
John Edward Wansbrough (February 19, 1928 – June 10, 2002) was an American historian who taught at the University of London's School of Oriental and African Studies (SOAS), where he was vice chancellor from 1985 to 1992. Wansbrough is credited with founding the so-called "revisionist" school of Islamic Studies through his fundamental criticism of the historical credibility of the classical Islamic narratives concerning Islam's beginnings and his attempt to develop an alternative, historically more credible version of Islam's beginnings. He argued in general for a skepticism of the authorship of early Islamic sources, and most famously that the Quran was written and collected over a 200-year period, and should be dated not from the 1st-century Hijaz, Western Arabia, but from the 2nd/3rd century AH in Abbasid Iraq. Life Wansbrough was born in Peoria, Illinois. He completed his studies at Harvard University, and spent the rest of his academic career at SOAS. He died at Mont ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
University Of Manchester
The University of Manchester is a public university, public research university in Manchester, England. The main campus is south of Manchester city centre, Manchester City Centre on Wilmslow Road, Oxford Road. The university owns and operates major cultural assets such as the Manchester Museum, The Whitworth art gallery, the John Rylands Library, the Tabley House, Tabley House Collection and the Jodrell Bank Observatory—a UNESCO World Heritage Site. The University of Manchester is considered a red brick university, a product of the civic university movement of the late 19th century. The current University of Manchester was formed in 2004 following the merger of the University of Manchester Institute of Science and Technology (UMIST) and the Victoria University of Manchester. This followed a century of the two institutions working closely with one another. The University of Manchester Institute of Science and Technology was founded in 1824 as the Manchester Mechanics' Institute, ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Historical-critical Method
Historical criticism, also known as the historical-critical method or higher criticism, is a branch of criticism that investigates the origins of ancient texts in order to understand "the world behind the text". While often discussed in terms of Jewish and Christian writings from ancient times, historical criticism has also been applied to other religious and secular writings from various parts of the world and periods of history. The primary goal of historical criticism is to discover the text's primitive or original meaning in its original historical context and its literal sense or ''sensus literalis historicus''. The secondary goal seeks to establish a reconstruction of the historical situation of the author and recipients of the text. That may be accomplished by reconstructing the true nature of the events that the text describes. An ancient text may also serve as a document, record or source for reconstructing the ancient past, which may also serve as a chief interest to the ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Literary Criticism
Literary criticism (or literary studies) is the study, evaluation, and interpretation of literature. Modern literary criticism is often influenced by literary theory, which is the philosophical discussion of literature's goals and methods. Though the two activities are closely related, literary critics are not always, and have not always been, theorists. Whether or not literary criticism should be considered a separate field of inquiry from literary theory is a matter of some controversy. For example, the ''Johns Hopkins Guide to Literary Theory and Criticism'' draws no distinction between literary theory and literary criticism, and almost always uses the terms together to describe the same concept. Some critics consider literary criticism a practical application of literary theory, because criticism always deals directly with particular literary works, while theory may be more general or abstract. Literary criticism is often published in essay or book form. Academic literar ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Revisionist School Of Islamic Studies
The Revisionist school of Islamic studies, (also Historical-Critical school of Islamic studies and skeptic/revisionist Islamic historians) Hoyland, ''In God's Path'', 2015: p.232 is a movement in Islamic studies that questions traditional Muslim narratives of Islam's origins. Holland, 'In the Shadow of the Sword'', 2012: p.38 Until the early 1970s, Donner, "Quran in Recent Scholarship", 2008: p.30 non-Muslim Islamic scholars—while not accepting accounts of divine intervention—did accept its origin story Holland, ''In the Shadow of the Sword'', 2012: p.45 "in most of its details", Donner, "Quran in Recent Scholarship", 2008: p.29 and accepted the reliability of ''tafsir'' (commentaries on the Quran), ''hadith'' (accounts of what the Islamic prophet Muhammad approved or disapproved of), and '' sira'' (biography of the prophet). Revisionists instead use a " source-critical" approach to this literature, as well as studying relevant archaeology, epigraphy, numismatics and contempo ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Jawid Mojaddedi
Jawid Mojaddedi is an Afghan researcher and professor. Early life Mojaddedi was born in Kabul, Afghanistan. At age five, along with his mother and brother, he moved to Great Britain. During the 1990s, Jawid Mojaddedi attended University of Manchester, where he earned his BA and PhD in Middle Eastern Studies. Career He graduated from the University of Manchester. He then worked as a full-time faculty member of the Department of Middle Eastern Studies, where he taught Arabic and Islamic Studies. In 1998, Jawid moved from Great Britain to the United States. He worked at Columbia University for two years as an editor of ''Encyclopædia Iranica''. He began teaching at Rutgers University in 2003. He has served as chair of the Department of Religion there and as Director of the Center for Middle Eastern Studies. Works Mojaddedi is a Rumi expert. His published books include translations of Rumi's longest poem, known as the ''Masnavi'', into simple English. ''The Masnavi: Book O ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Andrew Rippin
Andrew Lawrence Rippin, (16 May 1950 in London, England – 29 November 2016) was a Canadian Islamic studies scholar. Rippin was Professor of History and Dean of the Faculty of Humanities at the University of Victoria, British Columbia, Canada. Major academic fields of Andrew Rippin were the history of the formative period of Islam and the interpretation of the Qurʾān in the classical period of Islam. He was the author of many works on Qur'anic Studies as well as the widely respected ''Muslims - Their Religious Beliefs and Practices'', now in its fourth edition (2012). In 2006, he was made a Fellow of the Royal Society of Canada. Some of the works of Andrew Rippin are related with the research on Ibadism. He died on 29 November 2016 in Victoria, British Columbia Victoria is the capital city of the Canadian province of British Columbia, on the southern tip of Vancouver Island off Canada's Pacific coast. The city has a population of 91,867, and the Greater Victoria are ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
1950 Births
Year 195 ( CXCV) was a common year starting on Wednesday (link will display the full calendar) of the Julian calendar. At the time, it was known as the Year of the Consulship of Scrapula and Clemens (or, less frequently, year 948 '' Ab urbe condita''). The denomination 195 for this year has been used since the early medieval period, when the Anno Domini calendar era became the prevalent method in Europe for naming years. Events By place Roman Empire * Emperor Septimius Severus has the Roman Senate deify the previous emperor Commodus, in an attempt to gain favor with the family of Marcus Aurelius. * King Vologases V and other eastern princes support the claims of Pescennius Niger. The Roman province of Mesopotamia rises in revolt with Parthian support. Severus marches to Mesopotamia to battle the Parthians. * The Roman province of Syria is divided and the role of Antioch is diminished. The Romans annexed the Syrian cities of Edessa and Nisibis. Severus re-establish ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
1998 Deaths
This is a list of deaths of notable people, organised by year. New deaths articles are added to their respective month (e.g., Deaths in ) and then linked here. 2022 2021 2020 2019 2018 2017 2016 2015 2014 2013 2012 2011 2010 2009 2008 2007 2006 2005 2004 2003 2002 2001 2000 1999 1998 1997 1996 1995 1994 1993 1992 1991 1990 1989 1988 1987 See also * Lists of deaths by day * Deaths by year {{DEFAULTSORT:deaths by year ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Academics Of SOAS University Of London
An academy ( Attic Greek: Ἀκαδήμεια; Koine Greek Ἀκαδημία) is an institution of secondary or tertiary higher learning (and generally also research or honorary membership). The name traces back to Plato's school of philosophy, founded approximately 385 BC at Akademia, a sanctuary of Athena, the goddess of wisdom and skill, north of Athens, Greece. Etymology The word comes from the ''Academy'' in ancient Greece, which derives from the Athenian hero, ''Akademos''. Outside the city walls of Athens, the gymnasium was made famous by Plato as a center of learning. The sacred space, dedicated to the goddess of wisdom, Athena, had formerly been an olive grove, hence the expression "the groves of Academe". In these gardens, the philosopher Plato conversed with followers. Plato developed his sessions into a method of teaching philosophy and in 387 BC, established what is known today as the Old Academy. By extension, ''academia'' has come to mean the accumulation, d ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
