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Norilsklag
Norillag, Norilsk Corrective Labor Camp () was a gulag labor camp set by Norilsk, Krasnoyarsk Krai, Russia and headquartered there. It existed from June 25, 1935 to August 22, 1956. *Karlo Štajner (1902-1992), Croatian writer *Nikolay Urvantsev (1893–1985), geologist and explorer * Nikolai Vekšin (1887–1951), Estonian sailor *, Russian botanist and poet See also * References *Ertz, Simon Chapter 7, ''"Building Norilsk"'' In ''"The Economics of Forced Labor: The Soviet Gulag"'', Paul R. Gregory, Valery V. Lazarev (eds.). Stanford: Hoover Institution Press The Hoover Institution (officially The Hoover Institution on War, Revolution, and Peace and formerly The Hoover Institute and Library on War, Revolution, and Peace) is an American public policy think tank which promotes personal and economic ..., 2003 External links Norilsk (Gulag online) {{coord missing, Krasnoyarsk Krai Norillag Buildings and structures in Krasnoyarsk Krai ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Norilsk 01
Norilsk ( rus, Нори́льск, p=nɐˈrʲilʲsk) is a closed city in Krasnoyarsk Krai, Russia, located south of the western Taymyr Peninsula, around 90 km east of the Yenisei, Yenisey River and 1,500 km north of Krasnoyarsk. Norilsk is 300 km north of the Arctic Circle and 2,400 km from the North Pole. It has a permanent population of 176,735 as of 2024, and up to 220,000 including temporary inhabitants. It is the second-largest city in the region after Krasnoyarsk. Since 2016, Norilsk's population has grown steadily. In 2017, for the first time, migration to the city exceeded outflow. In 2018, according to Krasnoyarskstat, natural population growth amounted to 1,357 people: 2,381 were born, and 1,024 died. It is the world's List of northernmost items#Cities and settlements, northernmost city with more than 180,000 inhabitants, and the second-largest city (after Murmansk) inside the Arctic Circle. Norilsk and Yakutsk are the only large cities in the continuous permafrost zon ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Kureika (village)
Kureika () is a Russian village just north of the Arctic Circle near Turukhansk in Krasnoyarsk Krai, by the confluence of Kureika River and Yenisey. Here Joseph Stalin spent his final exile in 1914–1916. In 1938 the was established. In 1952 a pavilion was built surrounding and preserving the '' izba'' (wooden hut) Stalin had lived in during his exile. The museum was closed and hut was demolished, along with Stalin's statue, during de-Stalinization De-Stalinization () comprised a series of political reforms in the Soviet Union after Death and state funeral of Joseph Stalin, the death of long-time leader Joseph Stalin in 1953, and Khrushchev Thaw, the thaw brought about by ascension of Nik ... in 1961, and the pavilion was burnt in a fire in 1996. [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Nikolai Aleksandrovich Kozyrev
Nikolai Alexandrovich Kozyrev (; 2 September 1908 – 27 February 1983) was a Soviet Russian astronomer and astrophysicist. Biography He was born in Saint Petersburg, and by 1928 he had graduated from the Leningrad State University. In 1931 he began working at the Pulkovo Observatory, located to the south of Leningrad. He was considered to be one of the most promising astrophysicists in Russia. Kozyrev was a victim of the Stalinist purges of the Pulkovo Observatory. Started by the accusations of a disgruntled graduate student, most of the observatory staff died as a result. Kozyrev was arrested in November 1936 and sentenced to 10 years for counterrevolutionary activity. In January 1941, he was given another 10-year sentence for "hostile propaganda". While incarcerated, he was allowed to work in engineering-type jobs. Due to the lobbying by his colleagues, he won an early release from detention in December 1946. As a result of his imprisonment he was mentioned in ''The Gulag Arch ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Voldemar Karl Koht
Voldemar Karl Koht VR II/3 (until 1940 Voldemar Karl Koch; 21 February 1893 – 2 September 1942) was an Estonian soldier and commander of the Estonian Armored Train Regiment.Õun, M; Noormets, T; Pihlak, J (2003). ''Eesti soomusrongid ja soomusronglased 1918–1941.'' Tallinn: Sentinel Early life Voldemar Karl Koht was born on 21 February 1893 in (Now Väike-Maarja Parish) in Lääne-Viru County as Voldemar Karl Koch to Karl and Ida Margaretha Koch. Koch attended Tartu Aleksandri Gymnasium and graduated with a C-grade. From 1913-1914, Koch studied at an officer school in Pskov. Military career First World War Koch was promoted to the rank of Ensign in June 1914. He fought in the First World War under the against the Germans, where he was wounded and concussed. Estonian Independence War In 1918, Koch served as a junior officer in the 5th Infantry Regiment of the Estonian army during the Estonian Independence war, but was demoted to private during a retreat in De ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Grigoriy Kirdetsov
Grigory Lvovich Kirdetsov (; Luga, Saint Petersburg Governorate, Russian Empire, 1880 – presumably Norillag, not before 1940) was a Russian and Soviet writer, journalist, and translator. Of Jewish extraction, his real name was possibly Lev (Leyba) Dvoretsky () or Dvorzhetsky (), and he was also known by the pseudonym J. E. Fitz Patrick (). He was initially a supporter of the White movement, being an active propagandist in Yudenich's short-lived Regional Government of Northwest Russia, before moving on to Berlin, where he threw his lot with the ''smenovekhovtsy'', eventually returning to Soviet Russia. At some point in his early life Kirdetsov moved to Italy, studying law in Rome and also teaching Russian at the Berlitz School in Turin. From 1906 he became the St. Petersburg correspondent for ''Avanti!'', being briefly arrested during the aftermath of the Revolution of 1905. Shortly after his release he returned to Italy, where he translated a number of works from Italian int ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Eufrosinia Kersnovskaya
Eufrosinia Antonovna Kersnovskaya (; 8 January 1908 – 8 March 1994) was a Russian woman who spent 12 years in Gulag camps and wrote her memoirs in 12 notebooks, 2,200,000 characters, accompanied with 680 pictures. She wrote three copies of the work. In 1968, friends typed samizdat copies, repeating the pictures on the back sides of the sheets. Excerpts from the work were first published in ''Ogonyok'' and ''Znamya'' magazines in 1990, as well as in ''The Observer'' (June 1990). After that, German and French publications followed. In 2001 the complete text, in six volumes, was published in Russia. Biography Eufrosinia Kersnovskaya was born in Odessa to a family of Russian gentry. During the Russian Civil War the family moved to their estate in Bessarabia to become farmers. Bessarabia was soon united with Romania. In 1940, Bessarabia was annexed by the Soviet Union, and the Kersnovskaya family (Eufrosinia and her mother) were oppressed as former landowners. In June 1941 ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Lev Gumilev
Lev Nikolayevich Gumilev (also Gumilyov; ; – 15 June 1992) was a Soviet and Russian historian, ethnologist, anthropologist and translator. He had a reputation for his highly unorthodox theories of ethnogenesis and historiosophy. He was an exponent of Eurasianism. Life Gumilev's parents, the prominent poets Nikolai Gumilev and Anna Akhmatova, divorced when he was 7 years old and his father was executed by the Cheka when he was just 9. Gumilev spent much of his adulthood, from 1938 until 1956, in Soviet labor camps. He was arrested by the NKVD in 1935 and released, but rearrested and sentenced to five years in 1938. Osip Mandelstam's " Stalin Epigram" is said to have played a role in his arrest. After release, he joined the Red Army and took part in the Battle of Berlin of 1945. However, he was arrested again in 1949 and sentenced to ten years in prison camps. Aiming to secure his freedom, Akhmatova published a dithyramb to Joseph Stalin, which did not help to release Gumi ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Walter Ciszek
Walter Joseph Ciszek, Jesuits, S.J. (November 4, 1904 – December 8, 1984) was a Polish-American Jesuits, Jesuit priest of the Russian Greek Catholic Church who Clandestine operation, clandestinely conducted Christian mission, missionary work in the Soviet Union between 1939 and 1963. Fifteen of these years were spent in incarceration, confinement and hard labor in the Gulag, plus five preceding them in Moscow's infamous Lubyanka Building, Lubyanka prison. He was released and returned to the United States in 1963, after which he wrote two books, ''He Leadeth Me'' and the memoir ''With God in Russia'', and served as a spiritual director. Since 1990, Ciszek's life has been under consideration by the Catholic Church for beatification. his title is Servant of God. Early life and studies Ciszek was born on November 4, 1904, in the mining town of Shenandoah, Pennsylvania, to Polish immigrants Mary (Mika) and Martin Ciszek, who had emigrated to the US in the 1890s from Kingdom o ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Herbert Brede
Herbert Lorentz Brede (25 April 1888 in Püssi – 6 October 1942 in Norilsk) was an Estonian soldier and general. Brede fought in World War I as an officer of the Imperial Russian Army against the Central Powers. After World War I he fought against the Red Army in the Estonian War of Independence. After Estonia was occupied by the Soviet Union, he was transferred to the Soviet Army. When Germany invaded Estonia in June 1941, he was arrested by NKVD and sent to Norillag Norillag, Norilsk Corrective Labor Camp () was a gulag labor camp set by Norilsk, Krasnoyarsk Krai, Russia and headquartered there. It existed from June 25, 1935 to August 22, 1956. *Karlo Štajner (1902-1992), Croatian writer *Nikolay Urvantsev ( ... prison camp, where he was executed the next year. References 1888 births 1942 deaths People from Püssi People from Kreis Wierland Estonian major generals Soviet major generals Imperial Russian Army officers Russian military personnel of World War I ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Dmitri Bystrolyotov
Dmitri Aleksandrovich Bystrolyotov (January 4, 1901 – May 3, 1975) () was a Soviet Russian intelligence officer, a polyglot, a writer and a Gulag prisoner. As a Soviet undercover operative, Bystrolyotov worked in Western Europe between World War I and II, recruiting and controlling several agents in Great Britain, France, Germany, and Italy. His greatest achievement was breaking into the British Foreign Office files years before Kim Philby, as well as procuring diplomatic ciphers of many of European countries. In the 1930s, he fell victim of Joseph Stalin's purges. Arrested by the NKVD on drummed up charges, he was tortured severely. While serving his term, he spent over 16 years in various Gulag camps. There, at great risk to himself, he wrote and smuggled his memoirs to the outside world, which were an indictment of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union's crimes against humanity. Early life and career He was born to out-of-wedlock parents in the village of Aibory, in the Cri ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Aleksei Balandin
Aleksei Aleksandrovich Balandin (, December 20, 1898 – May 22, 1967) was a Soviet Union, Soviet chemist member of the Academy of Sciences of the Soviet Union. His primary contribution lies in the field of Organic chemistry, organic catalysis, where is known as the developed of the multiplet theory of catalysis. He is the author of several books, and many scientific papers. The Lunar craters, lunar crater Balandin (crater), Balandin was named in his honor. Publications Books *Khlopin, V. G., Balandin, A. A., Pogodin, S. A., & Volʹfkovich, S. I. (1945). Ocherki po istorii Akademii nauk: khimicheskie nauki. Moskva: Izd-vo Akademii nauk SSSR. *Balandin, A. A. (1964). Catalysis and chemical kinetics, by A. A. Balandin [and others]. New York: Academic Press. *Vsesoi︠u︡znoe soveshchanie po nauchnym osnovam podbora katalizatorov geterogennykh kataliticheskikh reakt︠s︡iĭ, & Balandin, A. A. (1968). Translated as: Scientific selection of catalysts. Problems of kinetics and c ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Norilsk 02
Norilsk ( rus, Нори́льск, p=nɐˈrʲilʲsk) is a closed city in Krasnoyarsk Krai, Russia, located south of the western Taymyr Peninsula, around 90 km east of the Yenisey River and 1,500 km north of Krasnoyarsk. Norilsk is 300 km north of the Arctic Circle and 2,400 km from the North Pole. It has a permanent population of 176,735 as of 2024, and up to 220,000 including temporary inhabitants. It is the second-largest city in the region after Krasnoyarsk. Since 2016, Norilsk's population has grown steadily. In 2017, for the first time, migration to the city exceeded outflow. In 2018, according to Krasnoyarskstat, natural population growth amounted to 1,357 people: 2,381 were born, and 1,024 died. It is the world's northernmost city with more than 180,000 inhabitants, and the second-largest city (after Murmansk) inside the Arctic Circle. Norilsk and Yakutsk are the only large cities in the continuous permafrost zone. Norilsk is located atop some of the largest nickel depo ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
