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Norillag
Norillag, Norilsk Corrective Labor Camp () was a gulag labor camp set by Norilsk, Krasnoyarsk Krai, Russia and headquartered there. It existed from June 25, 1935 to August 22, 1956. *Karlo Štajner (1902-1992), Croatian writer *Nikolay Urvantsev (1893–1985), geologist and explorer *Nikolai Vekšin (1887–1951), Estonian sailor *, Russian botanist and poet See also * References *Ertz, Simon Chapter 7, ''"Building Norilsk"'' In ''"The Economics of Forced Labor: The Soviet Gulag"'', Paul R. Gregory, Valery V. Lazarev (eds.). Stanford: Hoover Institution Press, 2003 External links Norilsk (Gulag online) {{coord missing, Krasnoyarsk Krai Norillag Buildings and structures in Krasnoyarsk Krai ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Norilsk 01
Norilsk ( rus, Нори́льск, p=nɐˈrʲilʲsk) is a closed city in Krasnoyarsk Krai, Russia, located south of the western Taymyr Peninsula, around 90 km east of the Yenisei, Yenisey River and 1,500 km north of Krasnoyarsk. Norilsk is 300 km north of the Arctic Circle and 2,400 km from the North Pole. It has a permanent population of 176,735 as of 2024, and up to 220,000 including temporary inhabitants. It is the second-largest city in the region after Krasnoyarsk. Since 2016, Norilsk's population has grown steadily. In 2017, for the first time, migration to the city exceeded outflow. In 2018, according to Krasnoyarskstat, natural population growth amounted to 1,357 people: 2,381 were born, and 1,024 died. It is the world's List of northernmost items#Cities and settlements, northernmost city with more than 180,000 inhabitants, and the second-largest city (after Murmansk) inside the Arctic Circle. Norilsk and Yakutsk are the only large cities in the continuous permafrost zon ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Norilsk 02
Norilsk ( rus, Нори́льск, p=nɐˈrʲilʲsk) is a closed city in Krasnoyarsk Krai, Russia, located south of the western Taymyr Peninsula, around 90 km east of the Yenisey River and 1,500 km north of Krasnoyarsk. Norilsk is 300 km north of the Arctic Circle and 2,400 km from the North Pole. It has a permanent population of 176,735 as of 2024, and up to 220,000 including temporary inhabitants. It is the second-largest city in the region after Krasnoyarsk. Since 2016, Norilsk's population has grown steadily. In 2017, for the first time, migration to the city exceeded outflow. In 2018, according to Krasnoyarskstat, natural population growth amounted to 1,357 people: 2,381 were born, and 1,024 died. It is the world's northernmost city with more than 180,000 inhabitants, and the second-largest city (after Murmansk) inside the Arctic Circle. Norilsk and Yakutsk are the only large cities in the continuous permafrost zone. Norilsk is located atop some of the largest nickel depo ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Voldemar Karl Koht
Voldemar Karl Koht VR II/3 (until 1940 Voldemar Karl Koch; 21 February 1893 – 2 September 1942) was an Estonian soldier and commander of the Estonian Armored Train Regiment.Õun, M; Noormets, T; Pihlak, J (2003). ''Eesti soomusrongid ja soomusronglased 1918–1941.'' Tallinn: Sentinel Early life Voldemar Karl Koht was born on 21 February 1893 in (Now Väike-Maarja Parish) in Lääne-Viru County as Voldemar Karl Koch to Karl and Ida Margaretha Koch. Koch attended Tartu Aleksandri Gymnasium and graduated with a C-grade. From 1913-1914, Koch studied at an officer school in Pskov. Military career First World War Koch was promoted to the rank of Ensign in June 1914. He fought in the First World War under the against the Germans, where he was wounded and concussed. Estonian Independence War In 1918, Koch served as a junior officer in the 5th Infantry Regiment of the Estonian army during the Estonian Independence war, but was demoted to private during a retreat in De ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Gulag
The Gulag was a system of Labor camp, forced labor camps in the Soviet Union. The word ''Gulag'' originally referred only to the division of the Chronology of Soviet secret police agencies, Soviet secret police that was in charge of running the forced labor camps from the 1930s to the early 1950s during Joseph Stalin's rule, but in English literature the term is popularly used for the system of forced labor throughout the Soviet era. The abbreviation GULAG (ГУЛАГ) stands for "Гла́вное управле́ние исправи́тельно-трудовы́х лагере́й" (Main Directorate of Correctional Labour Camps), but the full official name of the agency #Etymology, changed several times. The Gulag is recognized as a major instrument of political repression in the Soviet Union. The camps housed both ordinary criminals and political prisoners, a large number of whom were convicted by simplified procedures, such as NKVD troikas or other instruments of extra ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Grigoriy Kirdetsov
Grigory Lvovich Kirdetsov (; Luga, Saint Petersburg Governorate, Russian Empire, 1880 – presumably Norillag, not before 1940) was a Russian and Soviet writer, journalist, and translator. Of Jewish extraction, his real name was possibly Lev (Leyba) Dvoretsky () or Dvorzhetsky (), and he was also known by the pseudonym J. E. Fitz Patrick (). He was initially a supporter of the White movement, being an active propagandist in Yudenich's short-lived Regional Government of Northwest Russia, before moving on to Berlin, where he threw his lot with the ''smenovekhovtsy'', eventually returning to Soviet Russia. At some point in his early life Kirdetsov moved to Italy, studying law in Rome and also teaching Russian at the Berlitz School in Turin. From 1906 he became the St. Petersburg correspondent for ''Avanti!'', being briefly arrested during the aftermath of the Revolution of 1905. Shortly after his release he returned to Italy, where he translated a number of works from Italian int ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Walter Ciszek
Walter Joseph Ciszek, Jesuits, S.J. (November 4, 1904 – December 8, 1984) was a Polish-American Jesuits, Jesuit priest of the Russian Greek Catholic Church who Clandestine operation, clandestinely conducted Christian mission, missionary work in the Soviet Union between 1939 and 1963. Fifteen of these years were spent in incarceration, confinement and hard labor in the Gulag, plus five preceding them in Moscow's infamous Lubyanka Building, Lubyanka prison. He was released and returned to the United States in 1963, after which he wrote two books, ''He Leadeth Me'' and the memoir ''With God in Russia'', and served as a spiritual director. Since 1990, Ciszek's life has been under consideration by the Catholic Church for beatification. his title is Servant of God. Early life and studies Ciszek was born on November 4, 1904, in the mining town of Shenandoah, Pennsylvania, to Polish immigrants Mary (Mika) and Martin Ciszek, who had emigrated to the US in the 1890s from Kingdom o ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Norilsk Uprising
The Norilsk uprising was a major strike by Gulag inmates in Gorlag, a MVD special camp for political prisoners, and later in the two camps of Norillag TL Norilsk, USSR, now Russia, in the summer of 1953, shortly after Joseph Stalin's death. About 70%Фініковський, Ю. (2020)Участь Данила Шумука у Норильському повстанні 1953 року (Рarticipation of Danylo Shumuk in the Norilsk uprising). ''Наукові записки Національного університету «Острозька академія».''''Серія «Історичні науки»'', (Вип. 30), 98-104. of inmates were Ukrainians, some of whom had been sentenced for 25 years because of MGB accusations of being involved in the " Bandera standard". It was the first major revolt within the Gulag system in 1953–1954, although earlier numerous cases of unrest in Gulag camps are known. It was led by Pavel Frenkiel in 1st camp, by Boris Shamaev in 3r ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Eufrosinia Kersnovskaya
Eufrosinia Antonovna Kersnovskaya (; 8 January 1908 – 8 March 1994) was a Russian woman who spent 12 years in Gulag camps and wrote her memoirs in 12 notebooks, 2,200,000 characters, accompanied with 680 pictures. She wrote three copies of the work. In 1968, friends typed samizdat copies, repeating the pictures on the back sides of the sheets. Excerpts from the work were first published in ''Ogonyok'' and ''Znamya'' magazines in 1990, as well as in ''The Observer'' (June 1990). After that, German and French publications followed. In 2001 the complete text, in six volumes, was published in Russia. Biography Eufrosinia Kersnovskaya was born in Odessa to a family of Russian gentry. During the Russian Civil War the family moved to their estate in Bessarabia to become farmers. Bessarabia was soon united with Romania. In 1940, Bessarabia was annexed by the Soviet Union, and the Kersnovskaya family (Eufrosinia and her mother) were oppressed as former landowners. In June 1941 ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Herbert Brede
Herbert Lorentz Brede (25 April 1888 in Püssi – 6 October 1942 in Norilsk) was an Estonian soldier and general. Brede fought in World War I as an officer of the Imperial Russian Army against the Central Powers. After World War I he fought against the Red Army in the Estonian War of Independence. After Estonia was occupied by the Soviet Union, he was transferred to the Soviet Army. When Germany invaded Estonia in June 1941, he was arrested by NKVD and sent to Norillag Norillag, Norilsk Corrective Labor Camp () was a gulag labor camp set by Norilsk, Krasnoyarsk Krai, Russia and headquartered there. It existed from June 25, 1935 to August 22, 1956. *Karlo Štajner (1902-1992), Croatian writer *Nikolay Urvantsev ( ... prison camp, where he was executed the next year. References 1888 births 1942 deaths People from Püssi People from Kreis Wierland Estonian major generals Soviet major generals Imperial Russian Army officers Russian military personnel of World War I ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Jānis Medenis
Jānis Medenis (May 31, 1903 – May 10, 1961) was a Latvian poet and writer. In 1948, he was convicted of anti-Soviet activities, and imprisoned in the Norillag camp, later in Irkutsk Oblast Irkutsk Oblast (; ) is a federal subjects of Russia, federal subject of Russia (an oblast), located in southeastern Siberia in the basins of the Angara River, Angara, Lena River, Lena, and Nizhnyaya Tunguska Rivers. The administrative center is ... until 1955. References 1903 births 1961 deaths People from Madona Municipality People from Cēsis county Latvian writers 20th-century Latvian poets Norillag detainees {{Latvia-writer-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Aleksei Balandin
Aleksei Aleksandrovich Balandin (, December 20, 1898 – May 22, 1967) was a Soviet Union, Soviet chemist member of the Academy of Sciences of the Soviet Union. His primary contribution lies in the field of Organic chemistry, organic catalysis, where is known as the developed of the multiplet theory of catalysis. He is the author of several books, and many scientific papers. The Lunar craters, lunar crater Balandin (crater), Balandin was named in his honor. Publications Books *Khlopin, V. G., Balandin, A. A., Pogodin, S. A., & Volʹfkovich, S. I. (1945). Ocherki po istorii Akademii nauk: khimicheskie nauki. Moskva: Izd-vo Akademii nauk SSSR. *Balandin, A. A. (1964). Catalysis and chemical kinetics, by A. A. Balandin [and others]. New York: Academic Press. *Vsesoi︠u︡znoe soveshchanie po nauchnym osnovam podbora katalizatorov geterogennykh kataliticheskikh reakt︠s︡iĭ, & Balandin, A. A. (1968). Translated as: Scientific selection of catalysts. Problems of kinetics and c ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
