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Noreen Bray
Noreen, or BID 590, was an off-line one-time tape cipher machine of British origin. Usage As well as being used by the United Kingdom, Noreen was used by Canada. It was widely used in diplomatic stations. According to the display note on a surviving unit publicly displayed at Bletchley Park in the United Kingdom, the system was predominantly used "by the foreign office in British embassies overseas where the electricity supply was unreliable." Usage lasted from the mid-1960s through 1990. Compatibility It was completely compatible with Rockex. Power supply The units were powered by two batteries of six and twelve volts respectively, though some were known to have been powered by mains. Other uses of the name "Noreen" * Noreen was the name of a wooden dragger that was acquired by the U.S. Navy during World War II and converted into the minesweeper USS ''Heath Hen'' (AMc-6). * Noreen is a common name in the Americas, Ireland, Scotland, and the Middle East. Also spe ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Noreen
Noreen, or BID 590, was an off-line one-time tape cipher machine of British origin. Usage As well as being used by the United Kingdom, Noreen was used by Canada. It was widely used in diplomatic stations. According to the display note on a surviving unit publicly displayed at Bletchley Park in the United Kingdom, the system was predominantly used "by the foreign office in British embassies overseas where the electricity supply was unreliable." Usage lasted from the mid-1960s through 1990. Compatibility It was completely compatible with Rockex. Power supply The units were powered by two batteries of six and twelve volts respectively, though some were known to have been powered by mains. Other uses of the name "Noreen" * Noreen was the name of a wooden dragger that was acquired by the U.S. Navy during World War II and converted into the minesweeper USS ''Heath Hen'' (AMc-6). * Noreen is a common name in the Americas, Ireland, Scotland, and the Middle East. Also s ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
One-time Tape
The one-time pad (OTP) is an encryption technique that cannot be cracked in cryptography. It requires the use of a single-use pre-shared key that is larger than or equal to the size of the message being sent. In this technique, a plaintext is paired with a random secret key (also referred to as a ''one-time pad''). Then, each bit or character of the plaintext is encrypted by combining it with the corresponding bit or character from the pad using modular addition. The resulting ciphertext is impossible to decrypt or break if the following four conditions are met: # The key must be at least as long as the plaintext. # The key must be truly random. # The key must never be reused in whole or in part. # The key must be kept completely secret by the communicating parties. These requirements make the OTP the only known encryption system that is mathematically proven to be unbreakable under the principles of information theory. Digital versions of one-time pad ciphers have been ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
United Kingdom
The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, commonly known as the United Kingdom (UK) or Britain, is a country in Northwestern Europe, off the coast of European mainland, the continental mainland. It comprises England, Scotland, Wales and Northern Ireland. The UK includes the island of Great Britain, the north-eastern part of the island of Ireland, and most of List of islands of the United Kingdom, the smaller islands within the British Isles, covering . Northern Ireland shares Republic of Ireland–United Kingdom border, a land border with the Republic of Ireland; otherwise, the UK is surrounded by the Atlantic Ocean, the North Sea, the English Channel, the Celtic Sea and the Irish Sea. It maintains sovereignty over the British Overseas Territories, which are located across various oceans and seas globally. The UK had an estimated population of over 68.2 million people in 2023. The capital and largest city of both England and the UK is London. The cities o ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Canada
Canada is a country in North America. Its Provinces and territories of Canada, ten provinces and three territories extend from the Atlantic Ocean to the Pacific Ocean and northward into the Arctic Ocean, making it the world's List of countries and dependencies by area, second-largest country by total area, with the List of countries by length of coastline, world's longest coastline. Its Canada–United States border, border with the United States is the world's longest international land border. The country is characterized by a wide range of both Temperature in Canada, meteorologic and Geography of Canada, geological regions. With Population of Canada, a population of over 41million people, it has widely varying population densities, with the majority residing in List of the largest population centres in Canada, urban areas and large areas of the country being sparsely populated. Canada's capital is Ottawa and List of census metropolitan areas and agglomerations in Canada, ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Bletchley Park
Bletchley Park is an English country house and Bletchley Park estate, estate in Bletchley, Milton Keynes (Buckinghamshire), that became the principal centre of Allies of World War II, Allied World War II cryptography, code-breaking during the Second World War. During World War II, the estate housed the Government Code and Cypher School (GC&CS), which regularly penetrated the secret communications of the Axis Powers most importantly the German Enigma machine, Enigma and Lorenz cipher, Lorenz ciphers. The GC&CS team of codebreakers included John Tiltman, Dilwyn Knox, Alan Turing, Harry Golombek, Gordon Welchman, Conel Hugh O'Donel Alexander, Hugh Alexander, Donald Michie, W. T. Tutte, Bill Tutte and Stuart Milner-Barry. The team at Bletchley Park devised automatic machinery to help with decryption, culminating in the development of Colossus computer, Colossus, the world's first programmable digital electronic computer. Codebreaking operations at Bletchley Park ended in 1946 and al ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Rockex
Rockex, or Telekrypton, was an offline one-time tape Vernam cipher machine known to have been used by Britain and Canada from 1943. It was developed by Canadian electrical engineer Benjamin deForest Bayly, working during the war for British Security Coordination. "Rockex" was named after the Rockefeller Center,Louis Kruh, British intelligence in the Americas, ''Cryptologia'', April 2001 together with the tradition for naming British cipher equipment with the suffix "-ex" (e.g. Typex). In 1944 an improved Rockex II first appeared. There were also a Mark III and Mark V. After the war it was used by British consulates and embassies until 1973, although a few continued in use until the mid-1980s.Exhibit card describing Rockex equipment in the "Enigma and Friends" exhibit at the Bletchley Park museum, September 2006 After WW2 the Rockex machines and the code tapes were manufactured in great secrecy under the control of the Secret Intelligence Service (SIS), also known as MI6, ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Mains Electricity
Mains electricity, utility power, grid power, domestic power, wall power, household current, or, in some parts of Canada, hydro, is a general-purpose Alternating current, alternating-current (AC) electric power supply. It is the form of electrical power that is delivered to homes and businesses through the electrical grid in many parts of the world. People use this electricity to power everyday items (such as domestic appliances, televisions and lamps) by plugging them into a wall outlet. The voltage and utility frequency, frequency of electric power differs between regions. In much of the world, a voltage (nominally) of 230 volts and frequency of 50 Hz is used. In North America, the most common combination is 120 V and a frequency of 60 Hz. Other combinations exist, for example, 230 V at 60 Hz. Travellers' portable appliances may be inoperative or damaged by foreign electrical supplies. Non-interchangeable AC power plugs and sockets, plugs and sock ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
USS Heath Hen (AMc-6)
USS ''Heath Hen'' (AMc-6) was a wooden dragger ( trawler), built in 1936 by A. D. Storey, Fairhaven, Massachusetts, as ''Noreen''. Acquired by the United States Navy on 18 October 1940, she was converted to a coastal minesweeper and commissioned on 20 January 1941 as USS ''Heath Hen'' (AMc-6). The small ship served in the 5th Naval District until 16 March 1944 when she arrived Provincetown, Massachusetts, for duty with the Naval Mine Test Facility. Redesignated Small Boat ''C-13538'', her name was dropped and she served in mine warfare experiments until damaged by an oil explosion on 16 March 1945. She was subsequently turned over to the Maritime Commission The United States Maritime Commission was an independent executive agency of the U.S. federal government that was created by the Merchant Marine Act of 1936, which was passed by Congress on June 29, 1936, and was abolished on May 24, 1950. The c ... and sold on 10 May 1948. References External links * {{DEFAULTSOR ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Arabic Language
Arabic (, , or , ) is a Central Semitic languages, Central Semitic language of the Afroasiatic languages, Afroasiatic language family spoken primarily in the Arab world. The International Organization for Standardization (ISO) assigns language codes to 32 varieties of Arabic, including its standard form of Literary Arabic, known as Modern Standard Arabic, which is derived from Classical Arabic. This distinction exists primarily among Western linguists; Arabic speakers themselves generally do not distinguish between Modern Standard Arabic and Classical Arabic, but rather refer to both as ( "the eloquent Arabic") or simply ' (). Arabic is the List of languages by the number of countries in which they are recognized as an official language, third most widespread official language after English and French, one of six official languages of the United Nations, and the Sacred language, liturgical language of Islam. Arabic is widely taught in schools and universities around the wo ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Nora (name)
Nora is a feminine personal name. It mainly originates as a short form of ''Honora'' (also ''Honoria''), a common Anglo-Norman name, ultimately derived from the Latin word ''Honor'' (with that meaning). In Hungary, the name Nóra originates as a short form of '' Eleonóra''. The Irish Nóra is likewise probably an Irish form of ''Honora''. A diminutive form of ''Nóra'' is ''Nóirín''; this name has numerous anglicised forms, such as: ''Norene'' and ''Norine''. Nora has been among the most popular girl names in Norway in the 2000s, topping the list of most popular girl names in 2012. In Finnish and Arabic there is a given name Noora. "Bloody Nora", " ruddy Nora" or "flaming Nora" is a British minced oath, not named after any real individual.Either derived from Cockney pronunciation of "horror" or using "Nora" as a generic name; "flaming Ada" also occurs. People Notable people with the name include: * Nora Arnezeder (born 1989), French actress and singer * Nora Aunor ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
