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Nityakarma
Nityakarma () refers to obligatory Vedic duties that are prescribed for daily practice in Hinduism. Nityakarma is among the three ritual actions classified by the Mimamsa philosophy, along with nisiddhakarma and kamyakarma. It is also featured in the Shaiva Siddhanta philosophy. Description According to Parasara, the six activities are regarded to be nityakarmas: *Snana (bathing) *Sandhyavandanam (morning and evening prayers) *Recitation of the Vedas *Veneration of ancestors * Homam (offerings to fire) *Tarpana ''Tarpana'' or (, , , ) is a term in the Hinduism, Vedic practice that refers to an offering made to divine entities. It refers to the act of offering as well as the substance used in the offering. ''Tilatarpana'' (, , , ) is a specific form of ... (worship of the gods) See also * Kamyakarma * Shrauta References Rituals in Hindu worship Hindu philosophical concepts {{Hindu-philo-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Vedas
FIle:Atharva-Veda samhita page 471 illustration.png, upright=1.2, The Vedas are ancient Sanskrit texts of Hinduism. Above: A page from the ''Atharvaveda''. The Vedas ( or ; ), sometimes collectively called the Veda, are a large body of religious texts originating in ancient India. Composed in Vedic Sanskrit, the texts constitute the oldest layer of Sanskrit literature and the oldest Hindu texts, scriptures of Hinduism. There are four Vedas: the Rigveda, the Yajurveda, the Samaveda and the Atharvaveda. Each Veda has four subdivisions – the Samhitas (mantras and benedictions), the Brahmanas (commentaries on and explanation of rituals, ceremonies and sacrifices – Yajñas), the Aranyakas (text on rituals, ceremonies, sacrifices and symbolic-sacrifices), and the Upanishads (texts discussing meditation, philosophy and spiritual knowledge).Gavin Flood (1996), ''An Introduction to Hinduism'', Cambridge University Press, , pp. 35–39A Bhattacharya (2006), ''Hindu Dharma: Introduc ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Hinduism
Hinduism () is an Hypernymy and hyponymy, umbrella term for a range of Indian religions, Indian List of religions and spiritual traditions#Indian religions, religious and spiritual traditions (Sampradaya, ''sampradaya''s) that are unified by adherence to the concept of ''dharma'', a Ṛta, cosmic order maintained by its followers through rituals and righteous living, as expounded in the Vedas. The word ''Hindu'' is an exonym, and while Hinduism has been called the oldest religion in the world, it has also been described by the modern term ''Sanātana Dharma'' () emphasizing its eternal nature. ''Vaidika Dharma'' () and ''Arya dharma'' are historical endonyms for Hinduism. Hinduism entails diverse systems of thought, marked by a range of shared Glossary of Hinduism terms, concepts that discuss God in Hinduism, theology, Hindu mythology, mythology, among other topics in Hindu texts, textual sources. Hindu texts have been classified into Śruti () and Smṛti (). The major Hin ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Mīmāṃsā
''Mīmāṁsā'' (Sanskrit: मीमांसा; IAST: Mīmāṃsā) is a Sanskrit word that means "reflection" or "critical investigation" and thus refers to a tradition of contemplation which reflected on the meanings of certain Vedic texts. This tradition is also known as Pūrva-Mīmāṁsā because of its focus on the earlier (''pūrva'') Vedic texts dealing with ritual actions, and similarly as Karma-Mīmāṁsā due to its focus on ritual action (''karma'').Chris Bartley (2013), "Purva Mimamsa", in ''Encyclopaedia of Asian Philosophy'' (Editor: Oliver Leaman), Routledge, 978-0415862530, pages 443–445. It is one of six Vedic "affirming" ( āstika) schools of Hindu philosophy. This particular school is known for its philosophical theories on the nature of Dharma, based on hermeneutics of the Vedas, especially the Brāḥmanas and samhitas.Oliver Leaman (2006), Shruti, in ''Encyclopaedia of Asian Philosophy'', Routledge, , page 503. The Mīmāṃsā school was foundati ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Kamyakarma
Kamyakarma () refers to those ''karmas'' (deeds) in Hinduism that are prudential in nature, motivated by the desire for a given outcome. Unlike the '' nitya karmas'', the Shastras do not require daily or regular observance of these rituals. They are generally performed for the sake of their intended results. A few ''kamyakarmas'' are listed below: *''Putrakameshti'' *'' Agnistoma'' *''Agnicayana The Agnicayana ('; ) or Athirathram () is a category of advanced Śrauta rituals. After one has established the routine of the twice-daily routine of Agnihotra offerings and biweekly ''darśa-purna-masa'' offerings (Full and New Moon rites), ...'' See also *'' Nitya karma'' *'' Shrauta'' Yajna References Hindu philosophical concepts [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Shaiva Siddhanta
Shaiva Siddhanta () is a form of Shaivism popular in a pristine form in Tamilnadu and Sri Lanka and in a Tantrayana syncretised form in Vietnam and Indonesia (as Siwa Siddhanta). It propounds a devotional philosophy with the ultimate goal of experiencing union with Shiva. The former draws primarily on the Tamil devotional hymns written by Shaiva saints from the 5th to the 9th century CE, known in their collected form as ''Tirumurai''. Tirumular, an aide of the prime Sangam age Vedic rishi Agastya, is considered to be the propounder of the term Siddhanta and its basic tenets in his ''magnum opus''. In the 12th century, Aghorasiva, the head of a branch monastery of the Amardaka order in Chidambaram, took up the task of formulating Shaiva Siddhanta. This is an earliest known Aghora Paddhati system of Shaiva Siddhanta of Adi Shaivas '' matha''s in Kongu Nadu. The Brahma Sutra Bhashya of Śrīkaṇṭhācārya Śivācārya is a further Agamic philosophical foundation of the phi ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Parāśara
Parashara (Sanskrit: पराशर; IAST: ) was a maharishi and the author of many ancient Hindu texts. He is accredited as the author of the first Purana, the Vishnu Purana, before his son Vyasa wrote it in its present form. He was the grandson of the sage Vasishtha and the son of the sage Shakti. There are several texts which give reference to Parashara as an author/speaker. The various texts attributed to him are given in reference to Parashara being the speaker to his student. Etymology When Parashara's father Shakti died after being devoured by the king Kalmashapada along with Vashistha's other sons, Vashistha resorted to ending his life by suicide. Hence he jumped from Mount Meru but landed on soft cotton, he entered a forest fire only to remain unharmed, then he jumped into the ocean who saved him by casting him ashore. Then he jumped in the overflowing river Vipasa, which also left him ashore. Then he jumped into the river Haimavat, which fled in several directions ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Sandhyavandanam
Sandhyavandanam (, or 'salutation during the twilight') is a mandatory religious ritual centring around the recitation of the Gayatri mantra, traditionally supposed to be performed three times a day by ''Dvija'' communities of Hindus, particularly those initiated through the sacred thread ceremony referred to as the Upanayanam and instructed in its execution by a ''Guru'', in this case one qualified to teach Vedic ritual. Sandhyopasana is considered as a path to attain liberation (moksha). Practice of Sandhyā in Ramayana and Mahabharata by Rama and Krishna can be observed. In Balakanda (23.2, 23.2) of Ramayana, Viswamitra wakes Rama and Lakshmana up at the break of the dawn for the worship of sandhyā. In Udyogaparva (82.21) of Mahabharata there is reference to Krishna performing Sandhya. Definition of Sandhyā Sir Monier Monier-Williams, Monier-Williams translated as twilight (i.e. the period between night and day), as well as "the religious acts performed by Brahmans and ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Pitrs
The pitris (, ) are the spirits of departed ancestors in Hinduism. Following an individual's death, the performance of the antyesti (funeral rites) is regarded to allow the deceased to enter Pitrloka, the abode of one's ancestors. The non-performance of these rituals is believed to result in the fate of wandering the earth as a restless preta. The amavasya (new moon day), as well as the occasion of Pitri Paksha during the Hindu month of Ashvin is recommended for the veneration of pitrs. Development Ancestor veneration is an ancient Indian practice. The custom of a death anniversary is still practised in India, where the deathday of one's parents involves a number of rituals and offerings, that are elaborated in the Puranas. Balls of rice (Piṇḍa) are traditionally offered on certain occasions, due to the belief that one's ancestors still need to be fed by their descendants. For the members of the priesthood class, a sacrifice dedicated to one's pitrs must be performed ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Homa (ritual)
In Indian religions, a homa (Sanskrit: होम), also known as havan, is a fire ritual performed on special occasions. In Hinduism, by a Hindu priest usually for a homeowner (" grihastha": one possessing a home). The grihasth keeps different kinds of fire including one to cook food, heat a home, among other uses; therefore, a Yajna offering is made directly into the fire. A homa is sometimes called a "sacrifice ritual" because the fire destroys the offering, but a homa is more accurately a " votive ritual". The fire is the agent, and the offerings include those that are material and symbolic such as grains, ghee, milk, incense, and seeds. It is rooted in the Vedic religion, and was also adopted in ancient times by Buddhism and Jainism. The practice spread from India to Central Asia, East Asia, and Southeast Asia. Homa rituals remain an important part of many Hindu ceremonies, and variations of homa continue to be practiced in current-day Buddhism, particularly in parts ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Tarpana
''Tarpana'' or (, , , ) is a term in the Hinduism, Vedic practice that refers to an offering made to divine entities. It refers to the act of offering as well as the substance used in the offering. ''Tilatarpana'' (, , , ) is a specific form of ''tarpana'' involving libations offered to the ''pitri'' (deceased ancestors) using water and sesame seeds during ''Pitru Paksha'' or as a death rite. ''Tarpana'' is a form of ''arghya'' (an offering). It is offered to all Deva (Hinduism), devas as well as the Navagrahas whenever mantra, mulamantra is recited as japa. Instances of welcome ''tarpana'' * For ''devis'': ** for Lakshmi, “” (Śrī Sūkta 4), "One who is satisfied and who satisfies those who offer Her Tarpana" ** for Tripura Sundari, “” (''Lalita Sahasranama'' 178, 974), "One who is satisfied by just a single drop of Tarpana" * Cow's milk (raw, unheated, and unpasteurized), water, sugar, saffron, cardamom, Borneo camphor, borneo-camphor, etc. are mixed and used as ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Kaamya Karma
Kamyakarma () refers to those ''karmas'' (deeds) in Hinduism that are prudential in nature, motivated by the desire for a given outcome. Unlike the '' nitya karmas'', the Shastras do not require daily or regular observance of these rituals. They are generally performed for the sake of their intended results. A few ''kamyakarmas'' are listed below: *'' Putrakameshti'' *'' Agnistoma'' *''Agnicayana The Agnicayana ('; ) or Athirathram () is a category of advanced Śrauta rituals. After one has established the routine of the twice-daily routine of Agnihotra offerings and biweekly ''darśa-purna-masa'' offerings (Full and New Moon rites), ...'' See also *'' Nitya karma'' *'' Shrauta'' Yajna References Hindu philosophical concepts [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
