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Nirvana Kanda
Nirvana Kanda is an ancient Prakrit Jain composition that describes the sacred sites where Jain sages have attained Nirvana. It is also termed Nirvana Bhakti. In inscription of 13th century that describes the construction of the Kirti Stambha at Chittor gives 10 shlokas that give a rendering in Sanskrit. A Hindi rendering Nirvana Kanda Bhasha was composed by Bhaiya Bhagvatidaas in Samvat 1741. It is popularly recited on many occasions. Author It is traditionally attributed to Acharya Kundakunda who is regarded to be the author of several Prakrit texts like Samayasar. Contents The text include: * Nirvana sites of 24 tirthankaras ( Ashtapad Mount, Champapuri, Girnar, Pawapuri and Samet Shikhar) The words "अट्ठावयम्मि उसहो" also occur in '' Tiloyapannatti''. * Nirvana sites of other Kevalias including Shatrunjaya See also * Tirth Pat * Vividha Tirtha Kalpa * Jainism in Delhi * Shatrunjaya Shatrunjaya, also spelled Shetrun ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Tirthankara
In Jainism, a ''Tirthankara'' (; ) is a saviour and supreme preacher of the ''Dharma (Jainism), dharma'' (righteous path). The word ''tirthankara'' signifies the founder of a ''Tirtha (Jainism), tirtha'', a fordable passage across ''Saṃsāra (Jainism), saṃsāra'', the sea of interminable birth and death. According to Jains, ''tirthankaras'' are the supreme preachers of ''dharma'', who have conquered ''saṃsāra'' on their own and made a path for others to follow. After understanding the true nature of the self or soul, the ''Tīrthaṅkara'' attains ''kevala jnana'' (omniscience). A Tirthankara provides a bridge for others to follow them from ''saṃsāra'' to ''moksha'' (liberation). In Jain cosmology, the wheel of time is divided into two halves, Utsarpiṇī', the ascending time cycle, and ''avasarpiṇī'', the descending time cycle (said to be current now). In each half of the cycle, exactly 24 ''tirthankaras'' grace this part of the universe. There have been infini ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ashtapad Mount
Mount Kailash (also Kailasa; ''Kangrinboqê'' or ''Gang Rinpoche''; ; ; , ) is a mountain in Ngari Prefecture, Tibet Autonomous Region of China. It lies in the Kailash Range (Gangdisê Mountains) of the Transhimalaya, in the western part of the Tibetan Plateau. The peak of Mount Kailash is located at an elevation of , near the western trijunction between China, India and Nepal. Mount Kailash is located close to Manasarovar and Rakshastal lakes. The sources of four rivers: Indus, Sutlej, Brahmaputra, and Karnali lie in the vicinity of the region. Mount Kailash is sacred in Hinduism, Buddhism, Jainism and Bon religion. People from India, China, Nepal and other countries in the region undertake a pilgrimage to the mountain. The pilgrimage generally involves trekking towards Lake Manasarovar and a circumambulation of Mount Kailash. While the mountain has been surveyed by climbers in the past, there has been no recorded successful ascent of the mountain. The climbing of the moun ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Vividha Tirtha Kalpa
''Vividha Tirtha Kalpa'', originally named ''Kalpa-pradeepa'', is a widely cited Jain text composed by Jinaprabha Suri in the 14th century CE. It is a compilation of about 60 Kalpas (sections), most of them give the accounts of major Jain Tirthas. ''Vividha Tirtha Kalpa'' is an example of the tirtha-mala texts that are compilations about Jain Tirthas throughout India. Jinaprabh Suri is said to have written three Jain prayers in Persian. Author Jinaprabha Suri lived during the rule of Muhammad bin Tughluq. He travelled widely and has left a record of contemporary events as well as oral traditions. He was born in Mohilvadi, Gujarat in the Tambi clan of Shrimal Jain community. He was initiated at the age of 8 and became an Acharya in Kharatara Gaccha at 23. Composition time Some of the Kalpas contain the date of compositions, although most are undated. The dates range from Samvat 1364 to Samvat 1389.Vividha Tirth kalpa, Jinaprabha Suri, Hindi Translation by Bhanwarlal Nahta, Shr ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Tirth Pat
''Tirth Pat'' or ''Patta'' is a religious map and topographical rendering used in Śvētāmbara Jainism religion for representing places of pilgrimage ( Tirtha). Tirth Pat is different than the conventional map making and is not drawn to scale. Tirth Pat is not indicative of distances, elevation, topography and direction and is solely used for evocation of Jain pilgrimages ( Tirthas). It is believed in Jainism that mere viewing of a Tirth Pat earns merit for a devotee. Belief The Śvētāmbara Jains hold five centers of pilgrimage to be most sacred. These places are Shatrunjaya and Girnar in Gujarat, Mount Abu in Rajasthan, Shikharji in Jharkhand and Ashtapada in Himalayas. People who are unable to go for the pilgrimage, can achieve its religious merits by viewing cartographical overview of the pilgrimage site on Tirth Pat. Every year (in October - November), Tirth Pat is hung in the vicinity of a Jain temple or at a prepared location for devotees to worship. See also * ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Shatrunjaya
Shatrunjaya, also spelled Shetrunjaya ("place of victory against inner enemies") and originally known as Pundarikgiri, is a range of hills located near the city of Palitana in the Bhavnagar district of Gujarat, India. The hills are situated on the banks of the Shetrunji River at an elevation of approximately above sea level. These hills bear similarities to other locations where Jainism, Jain temples have been constructed, including those in Bihar, Gwalior, Mount Abu, and Girnar. The sacred Jain hill of Shatrunjaya is home to 865 temples. The site was sanctified when Rishabha, the first Tirthankara of Jainism, delivered his sermons on the summit. The ancient significance of the hills is also attributed to Pundalik, Pundarik Swami, a chief Ganadhara and the grandson of Rishabha, who is believed to have attained Nirvana or Moksha here. His shrine is located opposite the main temple of Adinath, which was built by Bharata, the son of Rishabha. Alternate spellings include ''Śatr ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Tiloyapannatti
''Tiloya Panatti'' or ''Trilokaprajnapati'' is one of the earlier Prakrit texts on Jain cosmology composed by Acharya Yativrshabha. The subject matter Jain cosmology has a unique perception of the Universe. It perceives different solar and lunar entities in a manner that is different from the current cosmology as well those put forward by different cultures. According to Jain cosmology, this universe is an uncreated entity existing since beginningless time. The Universe is made up of what Jains call six dravya or reals or substances – Living beings, non-living things or matter, space, time and the principles of motion and rest. The universe itself is divided abode of gods, abode of humans and animals, and abode of hellish beings. Contents The Tiloya Panatti is a Prakrit work in the Jain Shauraseni dialect and has been composed primarily in the Arya metre. The work has a total of 5677 verses divided into 9 chapters. The chapter scheme is as under: #The Entire Universe (''Lok ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Pawapuri
Pawapuri, or Pavapuri (also called Apapapuri, meaning "the sinless town"), is a holy site for Jainism, Jains located in the Nalanda district of Bihar state in East India, eastern India. It is located about 19 kilometres from Rajgir and 101 kilometres from Patna, the capital of Bihar. Pawapuri is Mahavira's ''nirvana'' and a pilgrimage site for Jains. Tourism Pawapuri in Nalanda district ranks second after Rajgir in Nalanda in terms of tourism. Among the main tourist attractions, the Jal Mandir here is world-famous. It is believed that Lord Mahavira (the 24th 24th Tirthankara, Tirthankara of Jainism) was cremated at this place after attaining Mahanirvana. Most of the tourists come to Pawapuri in thousands to see the beauty of the water temple. Spread over an area of 84 bighas, the beauty of the pond of this Jal Mandir has a different importance. In the summer, lotus flowers enhance the beauty of this pond, due to which this pond is also known as Kamal Sarovar. And during ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Girnar
Girnar is an ancient hill in Junagadh, Gujarat, India. It is one of the holiest pilgrimages of Jains, where the 22nd Tirthankara, Tirthaṅkar, Lord Neminath attained omniscience, and later nirvana at its highest peak (''Neminath Shikhar''), along with other five hundred and thirty three kevala jnana, enlightened sages. This is well described in ancient texts such as Kalpa Sūtra written by acharya Bhadrabāhu and Uttaradhyayana, Shri Uttaradhyayana Sutra by Sudharmaswami, Arya Sudharmaswami. It is administered by the Junagadh Municipal Corporation. Geology Mount Girnar is a major Intrusive rock, igneous plutonic complex which intruded into the basalts towards the close of the Deccan Trap period. The rock types identified in this complex are gabbros (tholeiitic and alkalic), diorites, lamprophyres, Syenite, alkali-syenites and rhyolites. The parent gabbroic magma is shown to have given rise in sequence to diorites, lamprophyres and alkali-syenites. The rhyolite, though previo ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Champapuri
Champapuri, Champa Nagri or Champanagar is a neighbourhood in Bhagalpur in the Indian state of Bihar. It is the site of the ancient city of Champa, the capital of the Anga Mahajanapada. It is also the main centre of capital of cultural region of Anga. Champapuri is claimed to be the only place where all the five kalyanas- garbha, janma, diksha, kevalagnana and moksha kalyana of Bhagwan Vasupujya took place. It is said that Bhagawan Adinatha, Bhagwan Parshwanatha and Bhagawan Mahavira had their monsoon stay at this place. Bhagawan Mahavira had his third and twelfth monsoon stay at this place. There is an idol of Bhagavan at the temple. An ancient temple of Champanala is seen at this place. Significance Champapuri is also believed to be birthplace of Vasupujya, the twelfth tirthankara. Teerthankara Adinath divided the country into 52 Janapadas; of these one was Anga and its capital was The chief pupil - Pattadhara of Tirthankara Mahavir Sudharmaswami and Jambus ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Shikharji
Shikharji (), also known as Sammet or Sammed Shikharji, is one of the holiest pilgrimage sites for Jains, in Giridih district, Jharkhand. It is located on Parasnath hill, the highest mountain in the state of Jharkhand. It is the most important Tirtha (Jainism), Jain Tirtha (pilgrimage site), for it is the place where twenty of the twenty-four Jain tirthankaras (supreme preachers of Dharma) along with many other monks attained Moksha (Jainism), Moksha. It is one of the seven principal pilgrimage destinations along with Girnar, Pawapuri, Champapuri, Dilwara, Palitana and Kailash, Ashtapad Kailash. Etymology ''Shikharji'' means the "venerable peak". The site is also called Sammed Śikhar "peak of concentration" because it is a place where twenty of twenty-four Tirthankaras attained Moksha through meditation. The word "Parasnath" is derived from Parshwanatha, Lord Parshvanatha, the twenty-third Jain Tirthankara, who was one of those who attained Moksha (Jainism), Moksha at the sit ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Chittor Fort
Chittorgarh (literally Chittor Fort), also known as Chittod Fort, is one of the largest forts in India. It is a UNESCO World Heritage Site. The fort was the capital of Mewar and is located in the present-day city of Chittorgarh. It sprawls over a hill in height spread over an area of above the plains of the valley drained by the Berach River. The fort covers 65 historic structures, which include four palaces, 19 large temples, 20 large water bodies, 4 memorials and a few victory towers. In 2013, at the 37th session of the World Heritage Committee held in Phnom Penh, Cambodia, a group of six Hill Forts of Rajasthan, including Chittor Fort, was declared a UNESCO World Heritage Site. Geography Chittorgarh, located in the southern part of the state of Rajasthan, from Ajmer, midway between Delhi and Mumbai on National Highway 48 in the road network of Golden Quadrilateral. Chittorgarh is situated where National Highways No. 76 and 79 intersect. The fort rises abruptly a ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
