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Niqula Haddad
Niqula Haddad was a Syrian Socialist, and was brother in law to Farah Antun Farah Antun (Arabic: فرح انطون ), also spelled Farah Antoun (1874–1922), was among the first Lebanese Christians to openly argue for secularism and equality regardless of religious affiliation. He also, though uncommon for his background .... Early life Niqula Haddad was born into an orthodox family in 1870.Reid, Donald M. “The Syrian Christians and Early Socialism in the Arab World.” ''International Journal of Middle East Studies'', vol. 5, no. 2, 1974, pp. 177–193. ''JSTOR'', www.jstor.org/stable/162588. Education Haddad went to the American secondary school at Sidon, and later studied pharmacy at the Syrian Protestant College in Beirut, as a pharmacist. Career Sometime after 1900, Haddad would move to Egypt and marry Farah Antun's sister, Ruza. Later on, he would work for his brother in law on his journal, al-Jami'ah, in New York. After the failure of the journal, Haddad would g ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Farah Antun
Farah Antun (Arabic: فرح انطون ), also spelled Farah Antoun (1874–1922), was among the first Lebanese Christians to openly argue for secularism and equality regardless of religious affiliation. He also, though uncommon for his background, argued against Arab nationalism. Antun became popular for his magazine, '' Al Jamiah'', and his public debate with Muhammad Abduh over conflicting worldviews. Bibliography Early family life and educational background Farah Antun was born in 1874Reid, Odyssey. p. 3. to a Lebanese, Eastern Orthodox Christian family.Reid, Odyssey. p. 6. He had three sisters: Rose, Mariana, Ramza and a younger brother.Reid, Odyssey. p. 11. His father, Elias Antun, was a lumber merchant in Tripoli, where only a fourth of the population was Christian, the rest being Muslim. His father traded mostly by sea, and so Antun's family lived in a Christian dominated area of Tripoli near the sea, named al-Mina.Reid, Odyssey. p. 10. American Protestant and Catholic mis ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
1870 Births
Year 187 ( CLXXXVII) was a common year starting on Sunday (link will display the full calendar) of the Julian calendar. At the time, it was known as the Year of the Consulship of Quintius and Aelianus (or, less frequently, year 940 ''Ab urbe condita''). The denomination 187 for this year has been used since the early medieval period, when the Anno Domini calendar era became the prevalent method in Europe for naming years. Events By place Roman Empire * Septimius Severus marries Julia Domna (age 17), a Syrian princess, at Lugdunum (modern-day Lyon). She is the youngest daughter of high-priest Julius Bassianus – a descendant of the Royal House of Emesa. Her elder sister is Julia Maesa. * Clodius Albinus defeats the Chatti, a highly organized German tribe that controlled the area that includes the Black Forest. By topic Religion * Olympianus succeeds Pertinax as bishop of Byzantium (until 198). Births * Cao Pi, Chinese emperor of the Cao Wei stat ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
1954 Deaths
Events January * January 1 – The Soviet Union ceases to demand war reparations from West Germany. * January 3 – The Italian broadcaster RAI officially begins transmitting. * January 7 – Georgetown-IBM experiment: The first public demonstration of a machine translation system is held in New York, at the head office of IBM. * January 10 – BOAC Flight 781, a de Havilland Comet jet plane, disintegrates in mid-air due to metal fatigue, and crashes in the Mediterranean near Elba; all 35 people on board are killed. * January 12 – Avalanches in Austria kill more than 200. * January 15 – Mau Mau leader Waruhiu Itote is captured in Kenya. * January 17 – In Yugoslavia, Milovan Đilas, one of the leading members of the League of Communists of Yugoslavia, is relieved of his duties. * January 20 – The US-based National Negro Network is established, with 46 member radio stations. * January 21 – The first nuclear-pow ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Lebanese Christians
Christianity in Lebanon has a long and continuous history. Biblical Scriptures purport that Peter and Paul evangelized the Phoenicians, whom they affiliated to the ancient patriarchate of Antioch. The spread of Christianity in Lebanon was very slow where paganism persisted especially in the mountaintop strongholds of Mount Lebanon. A 2015 study estimates some 2,500 Lebanese Christians have Muslim ancestry, whereas the majority of Lebanese Christians are direct descendants of the original early Christians. The Maronite Catholics and the Druze founded modern Lebanon in the early eighteenth century, through a governing and social system known as the " Maronite-Druze dualism" in the Mount Lebanon Mutasarrifate. Proportionally, Lebanon has the highest rate of Christians in the Middle East, where the percentage ranges between 34% and 40%, followed directly by Egypt and Syria at roughly 10%, and Jordan at 3 to 6%. Lebanon's displaced population and diaspora, estimated at 12 millio ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
