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Nikolai Annensky
Nikolai Feodorovich Annensky (; 12 March 1843 – 8 August 1912) was a Russian economist, statistician and politician. He was a member of the populist (''narodnik'') movement and the Socialist-Revolutionary Party before becoming one of the founders of the Russian Popular Socialists (Russia), Popular Socialist Party (NSP) in 1906. Biography Annensky was born in St. Petersburg, Russia and attended the University there. When he was young, he lost both of his parents and had to care for his younger siblings, including the future Russian poet Innokenty Annensky. As a student, N.F. Annensky became involved in the revolutionary populist movement. He was also strongly influenced by the writings of Nikolai Mikhailovsky, N.K. Mikhailovsky. Like Mikhailovsky, Annensky rejected Marxism, which was just beginning to influence the Russian socialist movement, because it seemed to condemn the Russian peasantry to be sacrificed to the development of industrial capitalism. Instead, Annensky desire ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Peter Struve
Peter (or Pyotr or Petr) Berngardovich Struve (, ; – 22 February 1944) was a Russian political economist, philosopher, historian and editor. He started his career as a Marxist, later became a liberal and after the Bolshevik Revolution, joined the White movement. From 1920, he lived in exile in Paris, where he was a prominent critic of Russian communism. Biography Marxist theoretician Peter Struve is probably the best known member of the Russian branch of the Struve family. Son of Bernhard Struve (Astrakhan and later Perm governor) and grandson of astronomer Friedrich Georg Wilhelm von Struve, he entered the Natural Sciences Department of the University of Saint Petersburg in 1889 and transferred to its law school in 1890. While there, he became interested in Marxism, attended Marxist and narodniki (populist) meetings (where he met his future opponent Vladimir Lenin) and wrote articles for legally published magazines—hence the term Legal Marxism, whose chief proponent he be ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Alexander Kerensky
Alexander Fyodorovich Kerensky ( – 11 June 1970) was a Russian lawyer and revolutionary who led the Russian Provisional Government and the short-lived Russian Republic for three months from late July to early November 1917 ( N.S.). After the February Revolution of 1917, he joined the newly formed provisional government, first as Minister of Justice, then as Minister of War, and after July as the government's second Minister-Chairman. He was the leader of the social-democratic Trudovik faction of the Socialist Revolutionary Party. Kerensky was also a vice-chairman of the Petrograd Soviet, a position that held a sizable amount of power. Kerensky became the prime minister of the Provisional Government, and his tenure was consumed with World War I. Despite mass opposition to the war, Kerensky chose to continue Russia's participation. His government cracked down on anti-war sentiment and dissent in 1917, which made his administration even more unpopular. Kerensky remained in ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Trudovik
The Trudoviks () were a democratic socialist political party of Russia in the early 20th century. History The Trudoviks were a breakaway of the Socialist Revolutionary Party faction as they defied the party's stance by standing in the First Duma. They were founded and led by Aleksei Aladin, a Russian soldier. He was elected to the First Duma in 1906 but spent his later years in exile in the United Kingdom. Aladin was born in Simbirsk in 1873 to a peasant family and attended the same gymnasium as Lenin and Alexander Kerensky. This agrarian socialist party was one of hundreds of small workers' circles that sprang up around Russia in the aftermath of the 1905 Revolution. While the revolution did not remove the Tsar, it certainly curtailed his power—but not to the extent of the democratic, liberal society that the revolutionaries had hoped for—and as result the party remained small, though it survived. The Trudoviks are best known for winning seats in the State Duma, a nat ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Duma
A duma () is a Russian assembly with advisory or legislative functions. The term ''boyar duma'' is used to refer to advisory councils in Russia from the 10th to 17th centuries. Starting in the 18th century, city dumas were formed across Russia. The first formally constituted state duma was the Imperial State Duma introduced to the Russian Empire by Emperor Nicholas II in 1905. The Emperor retained an absolute veto and could dismiss the State Duma at any time for a suitable reason. Nicholas dismissed the First State Duma (1906) within 75 days; elections for a second Duma took place the following year. The Russian Provisional Government dissolved the last Imperial State Duma (the fourth Duma) in 1917 during the Russian Revolution. Since 1993, the State Duma () has functioned as the lower legislative house of the Russian Federation. Etymology The Russian word is inherited from the Proto-Slavic word '' *duma'' which is of disputed origin. Its origin has many proposed theor ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Venedikt Miakotin
Venedikt Aleksandrovich Miakotin (; 12 March 1867 – 5 October 1937) was a Russian historian and Narodnik politician. Biography V. A. Miakotin was born in Gatchina, Saint Petersburg Governorate. Miakotin was educated at the Kronstadt gymnasium and the University of Saint Petersburg, where he studied history and philology. He subsequently became a professor of history at Saint Petersburg University. He also lectured at the Aleksandrovsky Lyceum and the Alexander Military Law Academy. During his student days, he was greatly influenced by ''narodnik'' writers like N.K. Mikhailovsky, and by French romantic historians. These influences he combined with detailed statistical information gathered by the zemstvo movement. In the 1890s Miakotin was associated with the 'Legal Populist' movement and contributed to the liberal journal '' Russkoe Bogatstvo'' (''Russian Wealth''), becoming a member of its editorial board in 1904. He collaborated closely with A.V. Peshekhonov and N.F. Anne ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Alexey Peshekhonov
Alexey Vasilyevich Peshekhonov (; February 2, 1867 [Old Style and New Style dates, O.S. January 21] – April 3, 1933) was a Russian economist, publicist, and statistician. He was a member of the Russian Russian Provisional Government, provisional government as a minister of food supplies for some months in the summer of 1917. Life Peshekhonov was born in the Staritsky district of Tver. Enrolled early in a seminary for priests, he was expelled for political activity at age 17 in 1884, and seems to have had no further formal training. He was strongly influenced by the ''narodnik'' philosopher Nikolay Mikhaylovsky, N.K. Mikhailovsky. After military service 1888 to 1891, he worked first as a village teacher and later as a statistician for the Tver and Orla zemstvo councils, then the Kaluga province zemstvo administration where he became head of the statistical service (1896-1898). During this period he published noted studies on rural life that earned him entry into employment as a ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Trubetskoy Bastion
The House of Trubetskoy, (; ; ; Ruthenian: ''Trubetsky''; ; ; ; ; ; ) is a Russian gentry family of Ruthenian stock and Lithuanian origin, like many other princely houses of Grand Duchy of Lithuania, later prominent in Russian history, science, and arts. They are descended from Algirdas's son Demetrius I Starshy (1327 – 12 August 1399). They used the Pogoń Litewska coat of arms and the Trubetsky coat of arms. Sovereign rule Princes Troubetzkoy descend from Demetrius I Starshy, one of Algirdas's sons, who ruled the towns of Bryansk and Starodub. He was killed together with his elder sons in the Battle of the Vorskla River (1399). Demetrius's descendants continued to rule the town of Trubetsk (Troubchevsk) until the 1530s, when they had to convert to Roman Catholicism or leave their patrimony and settle in Moscow. They chose the latter, and were accepted with great ceremony at the court of Vasili III of Russia. Time of Troubles Undoubtedly, the most prominent of early Trou ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Russian Revolution Of 1905
The Russian Revolution of 1905, also known as the First Russian Revolution, was a revolution in the Russian Empire which began on 22 January 1905 and led to the establishment of a constitutional monarchy under the Russian Constitution of 1906, the country's first. The revolution was characterized by mass political and social unrest including worker strikes, peasant revolts, and military mutinies directed against Tsar Nicholas II and the autocracy, who were forced to establish the State Duma legislative assembly and grant certain rights, though both were later undermined. In the years leading up to the revolution, impoverished peasants had become increasingly angered by repression from their landlords and the continuation of semi-feudal relations. Further discontent grew due to mounting Russian losses in the Russo-Japanese War, poor conditions for workers, and urban unemployment. On , known as " Bloody Sunday", a peaceful procession of workers was fired on by guards outside th ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Georgy Gapon
Georgy Apollonovich Gapon ( –) was a Russian Orthodox priest of Ukrainian descent and a popular working-class leader before the 1905 Russian Revolution. Father Gapon is mainly remembered as the leader of peaceful crowds of protesters on Bloody Sunday, when hundreds of them were killed by firing squads of the Imperial Russian Army. Early life Georgy Apollonovich Gapon was born , in the village of Bilyky, Poltava Governorate, Russian Empire (now Ukraine). He was the oldest son of a Cossack father and mother who hailed from the local peasantry. Gapon's father, Apollon Fedorovich Gapon, had some formal education and served as an elected village elder and clerk in Bilyky. His mother was illiterate and religiously devout and actively raised her son in the norms and traditions of the Russian Orthodox Church. Gapon was an excellent primary school student and was offered a place at the Lower Ecclesiastical School in Poltava, a seminary that offered Gapon the best prospect for advancin ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Old Style Calendar
Old Style (O.S.) and New Style (N.S.) indicate dating systems before and after a calendar change, respectively. Usually, they refer to the change from the Julian calendar to the Gregorian calendar as enacted in various European countries between 1582 and 1923. In England, Wales, Ireland and Britain's American colonies, there were two calendar changes, both in 1752. The first adjusted the start of a new year from 25 March (Lady Day, the Feast of the Annunciation) to 1 January, a change which Scotland had made in 1600. The second discarded the Julian calendar in favour of the Gregorian calendar, skipping 11 days in the month of September to do so.. "Before 1752, parish registers, in addition to a new year heading after 24th March showing, for example '1733', had another heading at the end of the following December indicating '1733/4'. This showed where the Historical Year 1734 started even though the Civil Year 1733 continued until 24th March. ... We as historians have no excuse ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Bloody Sunday (1905)
Bloody Sunday (, ), also known as Red Sunday (), was the series of events on Sunday, in St Petersburg, Russia, when demonstrators, led by Father Georgy Gapon, were fired upon by soldiers of the Imperial Guard as they marched towards the Winter Palace to present a petition to Tsar Nicholas II. Bloody Sunday caused grave consequences for the tsarist authorities governing Russia: the events in St. Petersburg provoked public outrage and a series of massive strikes that spread quickly to the industrial centres of the Russian Empire. The massacre on Bloody Sunday is considered to be the start of the active phase of the Revolution of 1905. In addition to beginning the 1905 Revolution, historians such as Lionel Kochan in his book ''Russia in Revolution 1890–1918'' view the events of Bloody Sunday to be one of the key events which led to the Russian Revolution of 1917. Background After the emancipation of the serfs in 1861 by Tsar Alexander II of Russia, there emerged a new p ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
