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Nguni Homestead
A homestead ( Xhosa: ''umzi'') in southern Africa is a cluster of several houses, typically occupied by a single extended family and often with an attached kraal. Such settlements are characteristic of Nguni-speaking peoples. A house within a homestead is known as an ''indlu'', plural ''tindlu'' ( Swati) or ''izindlu'' ( Xhosa and Zulu). Traditional housing is a feature of rural communities across southern Africa. A rural community may live in a homestead built using locally sourced materials. In South Africa, as of 2022, 4.3% of households were classified as traditional dwellings. Homesteads may make use of commercially available materials, but nonetheless inherit traditional construction methods to retain an often semi-circular arrangement of vernacular architecture. For example, among Xhosa, the roofs of a main rondavel (Xhosa, ''indlu enkulu'') may be constructed of sheet metal, rather than thatch. Traditional relevance Archaeologists have demonstrated that the physical or ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Angas - Zoeloe Vrouens Brou Bier
Angas may refer to: Places *Angas, Iran, a village in Mazandaran Province, Iran *Division of Angas (1903–1934), in Australia *Division of Angas (1949–1977), in Australia *Electoral district of Angas, in Australia *River Angas, in Australia *Angas Downs Indigenous Protected Area, in Australia Other uses *''Angas (moth), Angas'', a junior synonym for the moth genus now known as ''Actias'' *Angas (surname) *Angas people, an ethnic group of Nigeria *Angas language, spoken in Nigeria *Angas, inhabitants of the ancient Indian kingdom of Anga *Jain Angas, subdivisions of Jain sacred texts See also *Anga (other) {{Disambiguation ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Eileen Krige
Eileen Jensen Krige (1905–1995) was a prominent South African social anthropologist noted for her research on Zulu and Lovedu cultures. Together with Hilda Kuper and Monica Wilson, she produced substantial works on the Nguni peoples of Southern Africa. Apart from her research she is considered to be one of the 'pioneering mothers' of the University of Natal, Durban, South Africa, where she taught from 1948 until retirement in 1970. She inspired many women to devote themselves to research. Krige is also associated with a group of South African anthropologists who were strongly against the segregation policies of apartheid in South Africa. These include amongst others, Isaac Schapera, Winifred Hoernlé, Hilda Kuper, Monica Wilson, Audrey Richards and Max Gluckman. Personal life Krige married Jack Daniel Krige in 1928. Jack a nephew of J.C. Smuts and an advocate at the Transvaal Supreme Court, shared Krige's anthropological interests and subsequently accompanied her on most of h ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Society Of South Africa
A society () is a group of individuals involved in persistent social interaction or a large social group sharing the same spatial or social territory, typically subject to the same political authority and dominant cultural expectations. Societies are characterized by patterns of relationships (social relations) between individuals who share a distinctive culture and institutions; a given society may be described as the sum total of such relationships among its constituent members. Human social structures are complex and highly cooperative, featuring the specialization of labor via social roles. Societies construct roles and other patterns of behavior by deeming certain actions or concepts acceptable or unacceptable—these expectations around behavior within a given society are known as societal norms. So far as it is collaborative, a society can enable its members to benefit in ways that would otherwise be difficult on an individual basis. Societies vary based on level of ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Boma (enclosure)
A boma is a livestock enclosure, community enclosure, stockade, corral, small fort or a district government office, commonly used in many parts of the African Great Lakes region, as well as Central Africa, Central and Southern Africa. It is particularly associated with community decision making. The word originally may be from Bantu languages, Bantu or Persian language, Persian, and it has been incorporated into many African languages, as well as race for Africa, colonial varieties of English language, English, French language, French and German language, German. As a livestock enclosure, a ''boma'' is the equivalent of ''kraal''. The former term is used in areas influenced by the Swahili language, and the latter is employed in areas influenced by Afrikaans language, Afrikaans. In the form of fortified villages or camps, ''bomas'' were commonplace in Central Africa in the 18th and 19th century. They were commonplace throughout Africa, including in areas affected by the His ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Compound (enclosure)
Compound, when applied to a human habitat, refers to a cluster of buildings in an enclosure, having a shared or associated purpose, such as the houses of an extended family (e.g. the Kennedy Compound for the Kennedy family). The enclosure may be a wall, a fence, a hedge or some other structure, or it may be formed by the buildings themselves, when they are built around an open area or joined together. According to the ''Oxford English Dictionary'', the word ''compound'' in this sense is thought to be etymologically derived ultimately from the Malay- Indonesian word ''kampung'' or ''kampong'', meaning 'enclosure' or 'village', probably entering English via Dutch or Portuguese."compound, n.2." OED Online. Oxford University Press, September 2015. Web. 9 October 2015. In the United Kingdom, "compound" is not generally used in the sense of an unfortified enclosure, and not for homes. There, as in North American English, if used for a place, it is most likely to be taken to mea ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ngoni People
The Ngoni people are an ethnic group living in the present-day Southern African countries of Malawi, Mozambique, Tanzania, Zimbabwe, and Zambia. The Ngoni trace their origins to the Nguni people, Nguni and Zulu people, Zulu people of KwaZulu-Natal in South Africa. The displacement of the Nguni people in the Mfecane, great scattering following the Zulu wars had repercussions in social reorganization as far north as Malawi and Zambia. History The rise of the Zulu people, Zulu nation to dominance in southern Africa in the early nineteenth century (~1815–~1840) disrupted many traditional alliances. Around 1817, the Mthethwa Paramountcy, Mthethwa alliance, which included the Zulu clan, came into conflict with the Ndwandwe alliance, which included the Nguni people from what is now kwaZulu-Natal. One of the military commanders of the army of king Thunziani Mabaso The Great, Zwangendaba Jele, Zwangendaba Gumbi ( 1780–1848), was the head of the Jele or Gumbi clan, which itself form ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Swazi People
The Swati or Swazi ( Swati: ''Emaswati'', singular ''Liswati'') are a Bantu ethnic group native to Southern Africa, inhabiting Eswatini, a sovereign kingdom in Southern Africa, and South Africa's Mpumalanga province. EmaSwati are part of the Nguni-language speaking peoples whose origins can be traced through archaeology to East Africa where similar traditions, beliefs and cultural practices are found. The Swati people and the Kingdom of Eswatini today are named after Mswati II, who became king in 1839 after the death of his father King Sobhuza. Eswatini was a region first occupied by the San people and the current Swazis migrated from north East Africa through to Mozambique and eventually settled in Eswatini in the 15th century. Their royal lineage can be traced to a chief named Dlamini I; this is still the royal clan name. About three-quarters of the clan groups are Nguni; the remainder are Sotho, Tsonga, others North East African and San descendants. These groups have ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ndebele People (South Africa)
Southern Ndebele people, also known in English by their endonym AmaNdebele, are a Bantu ethnic group native to Southern Africa who speak Southern Ndebele language (isiNdebele]). The group is separate from the Northern Ndebele people, Northern Ndebele who broke away from the Zulu during Tshaka's time. They mainly inhabit the provinces of Mpumalanga, Gauteng and Limpopo, all of which are in the northeast of the country. In academia this ethnic group is referred to as the Southern Ndebele to differentiate it from their relatives the Northern Ndebele people of Limpopo and Northwest. History Prehistory The history of the Ndebele people begin with the Bantu Migrations southwards from the Great Lakes region of East Africa. Bantu speaking peoples moved across the Limpopo river into modern day South Africa and over time assimilated and conquered the indigenous San people in the North Eastern regions of South Africa. At the time of the collapse of the Kingdom of Zimbabwe in 1450, ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Sotho-Tswana Peoples
The Sotho-Tswana, also known as the Sotho or Basotho, although the term is now closely associated with the Southern Sotho peoples are a meta-ethnicity of Southern Africa. They are a large and diverse group of people who speak Sotho-Tswana languages. The group is predominantly found in Botswana, Lesotho, South Africa, and the western part of Zambia. Smaller groups can also be found in Namibia and Zimbabwe. The Sotho-Tswana people would have diversified into their current arrangement during the course of the 2nd millennium, but they retain a number of linguistic and cultural characteristics that distinguish them from other Bantu-speakers of southern Africa. These are features such as totemism/ diboko a pre-emptive right of men to marry their maternal cousins, and an architectural style characterized by a round hut with a conical thatch roof supported by wooden pillars on the outside. Other major distinguishing features included their dress of skin cloaks and a preference ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
James Stewart (missionary)
James Stewart (14 February 1831 – 21 December 1905) was a physician, and a medical missionary. He was also a highly skilled botanist and linguist. Many people view him as a pioneer in medical missions for his founding of the hospital in Lovedale, starting a medical school, and developing the founding scheme of the ''South African Native College'', now the University of Fort Hare. He was Moderator of the General Assembly of the Free Church of Scotland 1899/1900 and oversaw the Union of 1900. Early life He was born in Edinburgh, Scotland on 14 February 1831. He was educated at the Royal High School, Edinburgh. After his father remarried the family moved to a farm near Scone and James finished his education at Perth Academy. At the age of 15 he decided that he wanted to be a missionary. He studied at Edinburgh University and St Andrews University then trained as a Free Church minister at New College, Edinburgh. The church considered him suitable as a medical missionar ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Nicolaas Van Warmelo
Nicolaas is the Dutch equivalent of the masculine given name Nicholas. Before the 19th century the name was also written Nicolaes, while Nikolaas is an uncommon variant spelling. Most people with the name use a short form in daily life, like ''Claas'', ''Claes'', '' Klaas'', ''Nico'', and '' Niek''. Notable people with the name Nicolaas or Nikolaas include: Academics *Nicolaas Bidloo (1673–1735), Dutch personal physician to Tsar Peter the Great *Nicolaas Bloembergen (1920–2017), Dutch-American physicist and Nobel laureate * Nicolaas Bom (born 1937), Dutch electrical engineer * Nicolaas H. J. van den Boogaard (1938–1982), Dutch medievalist scholar *Nicolaas Govert de Bruijn (1918–2012), Dutch mathematician *Nicolaas Laurens Burman (1734–1793), Dutch botanist *Nicolaas Duneas (born c. 1972), South African biotech entrepreneur * Nicolaas Everaerts (1461–1532), Dutch jurist *Nicolaas Hartsoeker (1656–1725), Dutch mathematician, physicist, and microscopist *Nicolaas Hein ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
William David Hammond-Tooke
William is a masculine given name of Germanic origin. It became popular in England after the Norman conquest in 1066,All Things William"Meaning & Origin of the Name"/ref> and remained so throughout the Middle Ages and into the modern era. It is sometimes abbreviated "Wm." Shortened familiar versions in English include Will or Wil, Wills, Willy, Willie, Bill, Billie, and Billy. A common Irish form is Liam. Scottish diminutives include Wull, Willie or Wullie (as in Oor Wullie). Female forms include Willa, Willemina, Wilma and Wilhelmina. Etymology William is related to the German given name ''Wilhelm''. Both ultimately descend from Proto-Germanic ''*Wiljahelmaz'', with a direct cognate also in the Old Norse name ''Vilhjalmr'' and a West Germanic borrowing into Medieval Latin ''Willelmus''. The Proto-Germanic name is a compound of *''wiljô'' "will, wish, desire" and *''helmaz'' "helm, helmet".Hanks, Hardcastle and Hodges, ''Oxford Dictionary of First Names'', Oxford Univers ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
