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New World Deer
The Capreolinae, Odocoileinae, or the New World deer are a subfamily of deer. Alternatively, they are known as the telemetacarpal deer, due to their bone structure being different from the plesiometacarpal deer subfamily Cervinae. The telemetacarpal deer maintain their distal lateral metacarpals, while the plesiometacarpal deer maintain only their proximal lateral metacarpals. The Capreolinae are believed to have originated in the Middle Miocene, between 7.7 and 11.5 million years ago, in Central Asia. Although this subfamily is called New World deer in English, it includes reindeer, moose, and roe deer, all of which live in Eurasia in the Old World. Classification The following extant genera and species are recognized:Alvarez D. (2007) * Tribe Capreolini ** Genus ''Capreolus'' *** Western roe deer (''C. capreolus'') *** Eastern roe deer (''C. pygargus'') **Genus ''Hydropotes'' *** Water deer (''H. inermis'') * Tribe Alceini **Genus ''Alces'' *** Moose or Eurasian elk (''A. ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Miocene
The Miocene ( ) is the first epoch (geology), geological epoch of the Neogene Period and extends from about (Ma). The Miocene was named by Scottish geologist Charles Lyell; the name comes from the Greek words (', "less") and (', "new") and means "less recent" because it has 18% fewer modern marine invertebrates than the Pliocene has. The Miocene followed the Oligocene and preceded the Pliocene. As Earth went from the Oligocene through the Miocene and into the Pliocene, the climate slowly cooled towards a series of ice ages. The Miocene boundaries are not marked by distinct global events but by regionally defined transitions from the warmer Oligocene to the cooler Pliocene Epoch. During the Early Miocene, Afro-Arabia collided with Eurasia, severing the connection between the Mediterranean and Indian Oceans, and allowing the interchange of fauna between Eurasia and Africa, including the dispersal of proboscideans and Ape, hominoids into Eurasia. During the late Miocene, the conn ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Metacarpal Bones
In human anatomy, the metacarpal bones or metacarpus, also known as the "palm bones", are the appendicular bones that form the intermediate part of the hand between the phalanges (fingers) and the carpal bones ( wrist bones), which articulate with the forearm. The metacarpal bones are homologous to the metatarsal bones in the foot. Structure The metacarpals form a transverse arch to which the rigid row of distal carpal bones are fixed. The peripheral metacarpals (those of the thumb and little finger) form the sides of the cup of the palmar gutter and as they are brought together they deepen this concavity. The index metacarpal is the most firmly fixed, while the thumb metacarpal articulates with the trapezium and acts independently from the others. The middle metacarpals are tightly united to the carpus by intrinsic interlocking bone elements at their bases. The ring metacarpal is somewhat more mobile while the fifth metacarpal is semi-independent.Tubiana ''et al'' 1998, p ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
White-tailed Deer
The white-tailed deer (''Odocoileus virginianus''), also known Common name, commonly as the whitetail and the Virginia deer, is a medium-sized species of deer native to North America, North, Central America, Central and South America. It is the most widely-distributed mainland ungulate herbivore in the Americas; coupled with its natural predator, the Cougar, mountain lion (''Puma concolor''), it is one of the most widely-distributed terrestrial mammal species in the Americas and the world. Highly adaptable, the various subspecies of white-tailed deer inhabit many different ecosystems, from arid grasslands to the Amazon basin, Amazon and Orinoco Basin, Orinoco basins; from the Pantanal and the Llanos to the high-elevation terrain of the Andes. Globally, the white-tailed deer has been introduced (primarily for Trophy hunting, sport hunting) to New Zealand, the Greater Antilles of the Caribbean (Cuba, Jamaica, Hispaniola, and Puerto Rico), and some countries in Europe (mainly the Cz ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Odocoileini
Odocoileini is a tribe of deer, containing seven extant genera and several extinct ones. The common character of this tribe is vomerine septum that completely separates the choana. Phylogeny Phylogeny by Gilbert et al. 2006 and Duarte et al. 2008,José Maurício Barbanti Duarte, Susana González, Jesus E. Maldonado, The surprising evolutionary history of South American deer, Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution, Volume 49, Issue 1, 2008, Pages 17-22, ISSN 1055-7903, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ympev.2008.07.009. that showed ''Mazama'' is polyphyletic A polyphyletic group is an assemblage that includes organisms with mixed evolutionary origin but does not include their most recent common ancestor. The term is often applied to groups that share similar features known as Homoplasy, homoplasies .... References Cervinae Mammal tribes {{eventoedungulate-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Alces Gallicus
''Alces gallicus'', also known as the Gallic moose, is an extinct species of moose, which has been found in Europe. It is believed to have lived in Pleistocene The Pleistocene ( ; referred to colloquially as the ''ice age, Ice Age'') is the geological epoch (geology), epoch that lasted from to 11,700 years ago, spanning the Earth's most recent period of repeated glaciations. Before a change was fin ... about 2 MYA. This species was smaller than recent moose, but it had longer antlers than it's modern relatives. Antlers structure similar to '' Cervalces'', consisted of very long beams and relatively small palms. It is sometimes included in the genus '' Libralces'' or '' Cervalces''. References gallicus Prehistoric deer Pleistocene Artiodactyla Pleistocene mammals of Europe Pleistocene extinctions Fossil taxa described in 1952 {{Paleo-eventoedungulate-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Alces
''Alces'' is a genus of artiodactyl mammals, that includes the largest species of the deer family. There are two species in genus: the moose The moose (: 'moose'; used in North America) or elk (: 'elk' or 'elks'; used in Eurasia) (''Alces alces'') is the world's tallest, largest and heaviest extant species of deer and the only species in the genus ''Alces''. It is also the tal ... (''Alces alces'') and the fossil '' Alces gallicus'' (also known as the Gallic moose), that existed in the Pleistocene about 2 million years ago. Sometimes only one species is included in the genus, the modern moose (''Alces alces''), while the extinct Gallic moose is more often referred to the genus '' Cervalces'', since the structure of their antlers looks similar. "American moose" Sometimes the species ''Alces alces'' is divided into two separate species - European moose (''A. alces),'' and American moose (''A. americanus''). The American moose, contrary to its name, includes all subspecies ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Alceini
Alceini is a tribe of deer, containing the extant genus ''Alces'' and the extinct genera '' Cervalces'' and '' Libralces''. The only extant species in this tribe is the moose.Kahlke, H.D., 1990. On the evolution, distribution and taxonomy of fossil Elk/Moose. Quartarpalaontologie 8, 83–106. Genera and species *Extant genera **''Alces ''Alces'' is a genus of artiodactyl mammals, that includes the largest species of the deer family. There are two species in genus: the moose The moose (: 'moose'; used in North America) or elk (: 'elk' or 'elks'; used in Eurasia) (''Alces al ...'' *Extinct genera **†'' Cervalces'' **†'' Libralces'' **† '' Cervus sivalensis?'' References Capreolinae Mammal tribes {{eventoedungulate-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Hydropotes
The water deer (''Hydropotes inermis'') is a small deer species native to Korea and China. Its prominent tusks, similar to those of musk deer, have led to both subspecies being colloquially named vampire deer in English-speaking areas to which they have been imported. It was first described to the Western world by Robert Swinhoe in 1870. Taxonomy There are two subspecies: the Chinese water deer (''H. i. inermis'') and the Korean water deer (''H. i. argyropus''). The water deer is superficially more similar to a musk deer than a true deer; despite anatomical peculiarities, including a pair of prominent tusks (downward-pointing canine teeth) and its lack of antlers, it is classified as a cervid. Yet its unique anatomical characteristics have caused it to be classified in its own genus (''Hydropotes'') as well as historically its own subfamily (Hydropotinae). However, studies of mitochondrial control region and cytochrome b DNA sequences placed it near ''Capreolus'' within an Old ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Siberian Roe Deer
The Siberian roe deer, eastern roe deer, or Asian roe deer (''Capreolus pygargus''), is a species of roe deer found in northeastern Asia. In addition to Siberia and Mongolia, it is found in Kazakhstan, the Tian Shan Mountains of Kyrgyzstan, eastern Tibet, the Korean Peninsula and forested regions of northern China. Its specific name ', literally "white-rumped", is shared by the pygarg, an antelope known in antiquity. The name was chosen by the German biologist Peter Simon Pallas in the late 18th century. The Siberian roe deer has long antlers. Taxonomy The Siberian roe deer was once considered to be the same species as the European roe deer (''Capreolus capreolus''), but it is now considered to be a separate species. The two subspecies of the Siberian roe deer are ''C. p. pygargus'' and ''C. p. tianschanicus'' (the latter is named for the Tian Shan mountains). Description The Siberian roe deer is a medium-sized metacarpalian deer, with a long neck and large ears. It is typ ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Capreolini
Capreolini is a tribe of deer, containing two extant genera and one extinct genus. Genera *Extant genera **''Capreolus'' **''Hydropotes'' *Extinct genera **†'' Procapreolus''- Found during the Miocene/Pliocene The Pliocene ( ; also Pleiocene) is the epoch (geology), epoch in the geologic time scale that extends from 5.33 to 2.58 Capreolinae Mammal tribes {{eventoedungulate-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
