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New Enlightenment (China)
New Enlightenment ( zh, first=s, s=新启蒙, t=新啟蒙), or the New Enlightenment movement ( zh, first=s, s=新启蒙运动, t=新啟蒙運動), was a massive social and cultural movement in mainland China that originated in the late 1970s and lasted for over a decade. Growing out of the 1978 Truth Criterion Discussion during the ''Boluan Fanzheng'' period, the New Enlightenment is widely regarded as a new wave of enlightenment within Chinese society since the May Fourth Movement in 1919. The decade of the 1980s has thus been called the Age of New Enlightenment in China. The theme of the New Enlightenment movement included promoting democracy and science, embracing humanism and universal values such as freedom, human rights and rule of law, while opposing the ideology of Cultural Revolution and feudalism. The movement gave rise to a number of new literature genres such as the ''scar literature'' and the ''misty poetry'', meanwhile aesthetics also became a popular topic in soc ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Hu Yaobang's Former Residence 142
HU or Hu may refer to: Arts and entertainment * Hu Sanniang, a fictional character in the ''Water Margin'', one of the Four Great Classical Novels of Chinese literature * Tian Hu, one of the antagonists in the ''Water Margin'' * Hollywood Undead, an American rap rock band * The Hu, a Mongolian heavy metal band Language * Hu (digraph), used primarily in Classical Nahuatl * Fu (kana), also romanised as Hu, Japanese kana ふ and フ * Hu language, of Yunnan, China * Hungarian language (ISO 639 alpha-2 code 'hu') * , the ligature of H and u Mythology and religion * Hu (mythology), the deification of the first word in the Egyptian mythology of the Ennead * Huh (god), the deification of eternity in the Egyptian mythology of the Ogdoad * Hu (Sufism), a name for God * Hu (ritual baton), an early Chinese writing utensil later used in Daoist rituals * Hú, a kachina in Hopi mythology * Adir Hu, a hymn sung at the Passover Seder * Hu Gadarn (or Hu the Mighty), a Welsh legendary ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Feudalism In China
''Fēngjiàn'' ( zh, c=封建, l=demarcation and establishment) was a governance system and political thought in Ancient China and Imperial China, whose social structure formed a decentralized system of confederation-like government. The ruling class consisted of the Son of Heaven (king or emperor) and aristocracy, and the lower class consisted of commoners categorized into four occupations (or "four categories of the people", namely scholar-officials, peasants, laborers and merchants). Elite bonds through affinal relations and submission to the overlordship of the king date back to the Shang dynasty, but it was the Western Zhou dynasty who enfeoffed their clan relatives and fellow warriors as vassals. Through the ''fengjian'' system, the king would allocate an area of land to a noble, establishing him as the ruler of that region and allowing his title and fief to be legitimately inherited by his descendants. This created large numbers of local autonomous dynastic domains. ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Liberalism In China
Liberalism () in Greater China is a development from classical liberalism as it was introduced into China during the later years of the Qing dynasty and the Republican period. It focuses more on individualism, rather than communitarianism; a common feature of conservatism in China. Prominent liberals were attacked in the early years of the People's Republic of China but liberal ideas became influential after the end of the Cultural Revolution. In the People's Republic of China, liberal thought covers a significant range of intellectual currents. Among others, varieties of liberal thought in the PRC include the liberal Marxists of the 1980s and the neoliberals of the 1990s. History Some scholars see a liberal tradition in Confucian thought. However, Confucian thought is generally more closely related to the Chinese conservatism. Taoism and Laozi philosophy are similar to today's liberalism and libertarianism. James A. Dorn wrote that Laozi, like many 18th-century liberals ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
School Of Thought
A school of thought, or intellectual tradition, is the perspective of a group of people who share common characteristics of opinion or outlook of a philosophy, discipline, belief, social movement, economics, cultural movement, or art movement. History The phrase has become a common colloquialism which is used to describe those that think alike or those that focus on a common idea. The term's use is common place. Schools are often characterized by their currency, and thus classified into "new" and "old" schools. There is a convention, in political and philosophical fields of thought, to have "modern" and "classical" schools of thought. An example is the modern and classical liberals. This dichotomy is often a component of paradigm shift. However, it is rarely the case that there are only two schools in any given field. Schools are often named after their founders such as the " Rinzai school" of Zen, named after Linji Yixuan; and the Asharite school of early Muslim philoso ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Deng Xiaoping's Southern Tour
Deng Xiaoping's southern tour ( zh, first=s, s=邓小平南巡), or 1992 southern tour ( zh, c=九二南巡, labels=no), or simply Nanxun ( zh, c=南巡, labels=no) was the tour of Deng Xiaoping, the former paramount leader of China, in southern China, including in Shenzhen, Zhuhai, Guangzhou and Shanghai, from January 18 to February 21, 1992. The talks and remarks made by Deng during the tour resumed and reinforced the implementation of his " reform and opening up" program in mainland China, which had come to a halt after the military crackdown on 1989 Tiananmen Square protests ordered by Deng himself. After Tiananmen Square, there was a lack of belief in the Chinese Communist Party both at home and abroad. The US and EU both issued arms embargoes while the World Bank and Asian Development Bank stopped issuing loans to China. The 1992 Southern Tour is widely regarded as a critical point in the modern history of China, as it saved the Chinese economic reform as well as the capi ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Tiananmen Square Massacre
The Tiananmen Square protests, known within China as the June Fourth Incident, were student-led demonstrations held in Tiananmen Square in Beijing, China, lasting from 15 April to 4 June 1989. After weeks of unsuccessful attempts between the demonstrators and the Chinese government to find a peaceful resolution, the Chinese government deployed troops to occupy the square on the night of 3 June in what is referred to as the Tiananmen Square massacre. The events are sometimes called the '89 Democracy Movement, the Tiananmen Square Incident, or the Tiananmen uprising. The protests were precipitated by the death of pro-reform Chinese Communist Party (CCP) general secretary Hu Yaobang in April 1989 amid the backdrop of rapid economic development and social change in post-Mao China, reflecting anxieties among the people and political elite about the country's future. The reforms of the 1980s had led to a nascent market economy that benefited some people but seriously disadvant ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Wang Yuanhua
Wang Yuanhua (Chinese: 王元化; November 30, 1920 – May 9, 2008) was a Chinese scholar and literary theorist who was a leading figure in the New Enlightenment movement in mainland China in the 1980s. As an influential liberal intellectual in China, Wang was a professor at the East China Normal University, and served as the director of the Publicity Department of Shanghai Municipal Committee of the Chinese Communist Party (1983–1985). He founded the journal ''New Enlightenment'' in Shanghai in 1988. Biography Wang Yuanhua was born to a Christian family in Wuchang, Hubei on November 30, 1920. Wang Yuanhua's parents got married in 1906, and his father, Wang Fangquan (王芳荃), obtained master's degree of education at the University of Chicago in the United States before returning to Tsinghua University in 1915 where he taught English; Wang Yuanhua thus spent his childhood in Beijing. Wang joined the Chinese Communist Party (CCP) in 1938 and attended the Great China Unive ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Li Zehou
Li Zehou ( zh, s=李泽厚, hp=; 13 June 1930 – 2 November 2021) was a Chinese scholar of philosophy and intellectual history. He is considered an influential modern scholar of Chinese history and culture whose work was central to the period known as the Chinese "New Enlightenment (China), New Enlightenment" in the 1980s. Li served as a long-term vice president of the Chinese Society for Aesthetics (1980–1998). His works on aesthetics, such as ''The Path of Beauty: A Study of Chinese Aesthetics'', triggered an "aesthetics fever (美学热)" in mainland China in the 1980s. Soon after the Tiananmen Square Massacre in 1989, Li was severely criticized by the Chinese authorities for "poisoning a whole young generation" and his works were forbidden for several years. In 1992, he emigrated to the United States and held visiting or chair professorships at numerous universities, including Colorado College, University of Michigan, University of Wisconsin–Madison, University of Wisco ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Fang Lizhi
Fang Lizhi (; February 12, 1936 – April 6, 2012) was a Chinese astrophysicist, vice-president of the University of Science and Technology of China, and activist whose liberal ideas inspired the pro-democracy student movement of 1986–87 and, finally, the Tiananmen Square protests of 1989. Fang was considered as one of the leaders of the New Enlightenment in the 1980s. Because of his activism, he was expelled from the Chinese Communist Party in January 1987. For his work, Fang was a recipient of the Robert F Kennedy Human Rights Award in 1989, given each year. He was elected an academician of the Chinese Academy of Sciences in 1980, but his position was revoked after 1989. Life and career in China Fang was born on 12 February 1936 in Beijing. His father worked on the railway. In 1948, a year before the People's Liberation Army took over the city, as a student of the Beijing No. 4 High School, he joined an underground youth organization that was associated with the Chinese ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Chinese Film Industry
The cinema of China is the filmmaking and film industry of mainland China, one of three distinct historical threads of Chinese languages, Chinese-language cinema together with the cinema of Hong Kong and the cinema of Taiwan. China is the home of the largest movie and drama production complex and film studios in the world, the Oriental Movie Metropolis and Hengdian World Studios. In 2012 the country became the second-largest market in the world by box office receipts behind only the United States. In 2016, the gross box office in China was (). China has also become a major hub of business for Hollywood studios. In November 2016, China passed Censorship in China, a film law banning content deemed harmful to the "dignity, honor and interests" of the People's Republic and encouraging the promotion of Core Socialist Values, core socialist values, approved by the National People's Congress Standing Committee. History Beginnings Motion pictures were introduced to China in ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Chinese Rock
Chinese rock ( zh, s=中国摇滚 , p=Zhōngguó yáogǔn; also zh, s=wikt:中国, 中国wikt:摇滚音乐, 摇滚音乐 , t=中國搖滾音樂 , p=Zhōngguó yáogǔn yīnyuè, lit. "Chinese rock and roll music") is a wide variety of rock and roll music made by rock bands and solo artists from Mainland China (other regions such as Taiwan, Hong Kong, Macau are considered separate scenes). Rock music as an independent music genre first appeared in China in the 1980s, during the age of New Enlightenment (China), New Enlightenment. Typically, Chinese rock is described as an anti-traditional instrument, a music that defies mainstream ideology, commercial establishment, and cultural hegemony. Chinese rock is a fusion of forms integrating Western popular music and Guoyue, traditional Chinese music. History The Northwest Wind (1980s) Rock music did not take hold in Mainland China until the end of the Cultural Revolution and the onset of the Reform and Opening. Peking All-Stars were ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Aesthetics
Aesthetics (also spelled esthetics) is the branch of philosophy concerned with the nature of beauty and taste (sociology), taste, which in a broad sense incorporates the philosophy of art.Slater, B. H.Aesthetics ''Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy,'' , accessed on 15 September 2024. Aesthetics examines values about, and Critical thinking, critical judgments of, artistic taste and preference. It thus studies how Artist, artists imagine, create, and perform works of art, as well as how people use, enjoy, and criticize art. Aesthetics considers why people consider certain things beautiful and not others, as well as how objects of beauty and art can affect our moods and our beliefs. Aesthetics tries to find answers to what exactly is art and what makes good art. It considers what happens in our minds when we view Visual arts, visual art, listen to music, read poetry, enjoy delicious food, and engage in large artistic projects like creating and experiencing plays, fashion shows ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
