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Neuroterus Quercusbaccarum
The common spangle gall on the underside of leaves and the currant gall on the male catkins or occasionally the leaves, develop as chemically induced distortions on pedunculate oak (''Quercus robur''), or sessile oak (''Quercus petraea'') trees, caused by the cynipid wasp ''Neuroterus quercusbaccarum'' which has both agamic and bisexual generations. Previous names or synonyms for this species are '' Neuroterus baccarum'', ''N. lenticularis'', ''N. malpighii'', ''Cynips lenticularis'', ''C. quercus-baccarum'', ''Spathegaster baccarum, S. varius'', ''S. interruptor''. Galls The spangle gall generation on the underside of the oak leaves are flat discs, with a distinct central elevation, slightly hairy, yellow-green at first and reddish later, attached by a short stalk. These galls are up to 6 mm in diameter, unilocular, unilarval with a whitish or yellow undersurface; they mature in September, detach and fall to the ground before the leaves themselves. The larva continue to dev ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Carl Linnaeus
Carl Linnaeus (23 May 1707 – 10 January 1778), also known after ennoblement in 1761 as Carl von Linné,#Blunt, Blunt (2004), p. 171. was a Swedish biologist and physician who formalised binomial nomenclature, the modern system of naming organisms. He is known as the "father of modern Taxonomy (biology), taxonomy". Many of his writings were in Latin; his name is rendered in Latin as and, after his 1761 ennoblement, as . Linnaeus was the son of a curate and was born in Råshult, in the countryside of Småland, southern Sweden. He received most of his higher education at Uppsala University and began giving lectures in botany there in 1730. He lived abroad between 1735 and 1738, where he studied and also published the first edition of his ' in the Netherlands. He then returned to Sweden where he became professor of medicine and botany at Uppsala. In the 1740s, he was sent on several journeys through Sweden to find and classify plants and animals. In the 1750s and 1760s, he co ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Torymus
''Torymus'' is a genus of chalcid wasps from the family Torymidae, and there are more than 400 spp. worldwide. It was named by the Swedish naturalist Johan Wilhelm Dalman in 1820. Most species are ectoparasitoids of gall forming insects, usually gall wasps Gall wasps, also wikt:gallfly#Usage notes, traditionally called gallflies, are hymenopterans of the family Cynipidae in the wasp superfamily Cynipoidea. Their common name comes from the galls they induce on plants for larval development. About 1 ... and gall midges. See also * List of Torymus species References External links Bugguide.net. Genus Torymus Hymenoptera genera Taxa named by Johan Wilhelm Dalman Chalcidoidea Taxa described in 1820 Torymidae {{chalcidoidea-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Oak Galls
An oak apple or oak gall is a large, round, vaguely apple-like gall commonly found on many species of oak. Oak apples range in size from in diameter and are caused by chemicals injected by the larva of certain kinds of gall wasp in the family Cynipidae. Formation The adult female wasp lays single eggs in developing leaf buds. The wasp larvae feed on the gall Tissue (biology), tissue resulting from their secretions, which modify the oak bud into the gall, a structure that protects the developing larvae until they undergo metamorphosis into adults. Some common oak-apple-forming species are the ''Biorhiza pallida'' gall wasp in Europe, ''Amphibolips confluenta'' in eastern North America, and ''Atrusca bella'' in western North America. Oak apples may be brownish, yellowish, greenish, pinkish, or reddish. Other galls Considerable confusion exists in the general literature between the oak apple and the Andricus kollari, oak marble gall. The oak marble is frequently called the o ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Hymenoptera Of Europe
Hymenoptera is a large order (biology), order of insects, comprising the sawflies, wasps, bees, and ants. Over 150,000 living species of Hymenoptera have been described, in addition to over 2,000 extinct ones. Many of the species are Parasitoid wasp, parasitic. Females typically have a special ovipositor for inserting eggs into hosts or places that are otherwise inaccessible. This ovipositor is often modified into a stinger. The young develop through holometabolism (complete metamorphosis)—that is, they have a wormlike larval stage and an inactive pupal stage before they reach adulthood. Etymology The name Hymenoptera refers to the wings of the insects, but the original derivation is ambiguous. All references agree that the derivation involves the Ancient Greek wikt:πτερόν, πτερόν (''pteron'') for wing. The Ancient Greek wikt:ὑμήν, ὑμήν (''hymen'') for membrane provides a plausible etymology for the term because species in this order have membranous wings ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Hymenoptera Of Asia
Hymenoptera is a large order of insects, comprising the sawflies, wasps, bees, and ants. Over 150,000 living species of Hymenoptera have been described, in addition to over 2,000 extinct ones. Many of the species are parasitic. Females typically have a special ovipositor for inserting eggs into hosts or places that are otherwise inaccessible. This ovipositor is often modified into a stinger. The young develop through holometabolism (complete metamorphosis)—that is, they have a wormlike larval stage and an inactive pupal stage before they reach adulthood. Etymology The name Hymenoptera refers to the wings of the insects, but the original derivation is ambiguous. All references agree that the derivation involves the Ancient Greek πτερόν (''pteron'') for wing. The Ancient Greek ὑμήν (''hymen'') for membrane provides a plausible etymology for the term because species in this order have membranous wings. However, a key characteristic of this order is that the h ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Hymenoptera Of Africa
Hymenoptera is a large order of insects, comprising the sawflies, wasps, bees, and ants. Over 150,000 living species of Hymenoptera have been described, in addition to over 2,000 extinct ones. Many of the species are parasitic. Females typically have a special ovipositor for inserting eggs into hosts or places that are otherwise inaccessible. This ovipositor is often modified into a stinger. The young develop through holometabolism (complete metamorphosis)—that is, they have a wormlike larval stage and an inactive pupal stage before they reach adulthood. Etymology The name Hymenoptera refers to the wings of the insects, but the original derivation is ambiguous. All references agree that the derivation involves the Ancient Greek πτερόν (''pteron'') for wing. The Ancient Greek ὑμήν (''hymen'') for membrane provides a plausible etymology for the term because species in this order have membranous wings. However, a key characteristic of this order is that the hindw ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Cynipidae
Gall wasps, also wikt:gallfly#Usage notes, traditionally called gallflies, are hymenopterans of the family Cynipidae in the wasp superfamily Cynipoidea. Their common name comes from the galls they induce on plants for larval development. About 1,300 species of this generally very small creature () are known worldwide, with about 360 species of 36 different genera in Europe and some 800 species in North America. Features Like all Apocrita, gall wasps have a distinctive body shape, the so-called Petiole (insect anatomy), wasp waist. The first abdominal tergum (the propodeum) is conjoined with the Thorax (insect anatomy), thorax, while the second abdominal segment forms a sort of shaft, the Petiole (insect anatomy), petiole. The petiole connects with the gaster (insect anatomy), gaster, which is the functional abdomen in apocritan wasps, starting with the third abdominal segment proper. Together, the petiole and the gaster form the metasoma, while the thorax and the propodeum mak ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Neuroterus Anthracinus
''Neuroterus anthracinus'' is a widely distributed gall wasp that forms chemically induced leaf galls on oak trees. ''N. anthracinus'' has both sexual and Parthenogenesis#Insects, agamic generations and in consequence forms two distinct galls, the oyster gall and April-bud gall. Darlington, Page 160 Synonyms ''Ameristus'' Förster 1869, ''Diplobius'' Kinsey 1923, ''Dolichostrophus'' Ashmead 1887, ''Neospathogaster'' Kinsey 1923, ''Spathegaster'' Hartig 1840, furunculus Beyerinck 1882, ''ostreus'' Giraud 1859, ''ostria'' Hartig 1840, ''Andricus ostreus'', ''Neuroterus schlechtendali'' and ''Andricus furunculus'' are all previous nomenclatures found in the literature. Galls The oyster gall is found on the leaf underside, rarely above, and is around 0.3 cm across, located between the midrib and the lateral veins. It develops under the lower epidermis and when it emerges it has two flaps of valve-like tissue which remain, even after the gall has fallen. The gall has also b ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Neuroterus Albipes
''Neuroterus albipes'' is a gall wasp that forms chemically induced leaf galls on oak trees which has both bisexual and agamic generations and therefore forms two distinct galls, the smooth spangle gall and Schenck's gall.Darlington, Page 162 ''Neuroterus laeviusculus'' and ''Spathegaster albipes'' are previous Binomial nomenclature, binomials found in the literature. Galls The normally cream coloured saucer of the smooth spangle gall has a small cone elevated in its centre, a pronounced rim and they are sometimes found almost folded in two. The gall may have streaks of purple, red or other colours through it. Typically found on the lower surface, this gall is found more often on the upper surface than other spangle galls and although often grouped together, the numbers on each leaf are far fewer than in species such as ''Neuroterus quercusbaccarum''. The gall is observed to swell appreciably once it has detached and fallen in late autumn. The gall has also been recorded as green, ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Rose Bedeguar Gall
''Diplolepis rosae'' is a gall wasp which causes a gall known as the rose bedeguar gall, bedeguar gall wasp, Robin's pincushion, mossy rose gall, or simply moss gall.Darlington, Arnold (1975) ''The Pocket Encyclopaedia of Plant Galls in Colour.'' Pub. Blandford Press. Poole. . P. 133 - 135. The gall develops as a chemically induced distortion of an unopened leaf axillary or terminal bud, mostly on field rose ('' Rosa arvensis'') or dog rose (''Rosa canina'') shrubs. The female wasp lays up to 60 eggs within each leaf bud using her ovipositor. The grubs develop within the gall, and the wasps emerge in spring; the wasp is parthenogenetic with fewer than one percent being males. A similar gall is caused by '' Diplolepis mayri'', but this is much less common. Names Being so prominent and interesting in appearance, this gall has more folklore attached to it than most. The term 'Bedeguar, Bedegar or Bedequar' comes from a French word, ''bédégar'', and is ultimately from the Persian, ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Oak Artichoke Gall
''Andricus foecundatrix'' (formerly ''Andricus fecundator'') is a parthenogenetic gall wasp which lays a single egg within a leaf bud, using its ovipositor, to produce a gall known as an oak artichoke gall, oak hop gall, larch-cone gall or hop strobile The gall develops as a chemically induced distortion of leaf axillary or terminal buds on pedunculate oak (''Quercus robur'') or sessile oak (''Quercus petraea'') trees. The larva lives inside a smaller hard casing inside the artichoke and this is released in autumn. The asexual wasp emerges in spring and lays her eggs in the oak catkins. These develop into small oval galls which produce the sexual generation of wasps.The Virtual Filed Guide UK A yew artichoke gall caused by the fly '' T ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
