|
Neue Preußische Zeitung
The ''Kreuzzeitung'' was a national daily newspaper published between 1848 and 1939 in the Kingdom of Prussia and then during the German Empire, the Weimar Republic and into the first part of the Third Reich. The paper was a voice of the conservative upper class, although it was never associated with any political party and never had more than 10,000 subscribers. Its target readership was the nobility, military officers, high-ranking officials, industrialists and diplomats. Because its readers were among the elite, the ''Kreuzzeitung'' was often quoted and at times very influential. It had connections to officials in the highest levels of government and business and was especially known for its foreign reporting. Most of its content consisted of carefully researched foreign and domestic news reported without commentary. Its original name was officially the (''New Prussian Newspaper''), although because of the Iron Cross as its emblem in the title, it was simply called the ‘''Kr ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Daily Newspaper
A newspaper is a Periodical literature, periodical publication containing written News, information about current events and is often typed in black ink with a white or gray background. Newspapers can cover a wide variety of fields such as politics, business, sports, art, and science. They often include materials such as opinion columns, weather forecasts, reviews of local services, Obituary, obituaries, birth notices, crosswords, editorial cartoons, comic strips, and advice columns. Most newspapers are businesses, and they pay their expenses with a mixture of Subscription business model, subscription revenue, Newsagent's shop, newsstand sales, and advertising revenue. The journalism organizations that publish newspapers are themselves often Metonymy, metonymically called newspapers. Newspapers have traditionally been published Printing, in print (usually on cheap, low-grade paper called newsprint). However, today most newspapers are also Electronic publishing, published on webs ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Camarilla
A camarilla is a group of courtiers or favourites who surround a king or ruler. Usually, they do not hold any office or have any official authority at the Court (royal), royal court but power behind the throne, influence their ruler behind the scenes. Consequently, they also escape having to bear responsibility for the effects of their advice. The term derives from the Spanish word ''camarilla'' (diminutive of ''cámara''), meaning 'little chamber' or private cabinet of the king. It was first used of the circle of cronies around List of Spanish monarchs, Spanish King Ferdinand VII (reigned 1814–1833). The term involves what is known as cronyism. The term also entered other languages like Polish language, Polish, German language, German and Greek language, Greek, and is used in the sense given above. A similar concept in modern politics is that of a Kitchen Cabinet, which is often composed of unelected advisers bypassing traditional governance practices. Examples Germany In p ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Julius Hermann Moritz Busch
Julius Hermann Moritz Busch (13 February 1821 – 16 November 1899) was a German publicist. He has been characterized as " Bismarck's Boswell." Biography Busch was born at Dresden. He entered the University of Leipzig in 1841 as a student of philosophy and theology, and graduated as doctor philosophiae. From 1847, he devoted himself entirely to journalism and literature. He began literary life as a translator of Dickens, Thackeray, and other English authors. In 1851 he went to America, but soon returned disillusioned to Germany, and published an account of his travels. During the next years he travelled extensively in the East and wrote books on Egypt, Greece and Palestine. From 1856 he was employed at Leipzig on the '' Grenzboten'', one of the most influential German periodicals, which, under the editorship of Gustav Freytag, had become the organ of the National Liberal Party. In this role, Busch strongly supported Bismarck's policies. In 1864 he became closely connected wi ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Minister President Of Prussia
The Minister-President (), or Prime Minister, of Prussia was the head of government of the Prussian state. The office existed from 1848, when it was formed by Frederick William IV of Prussia, King Frederick William IV during the German revolutions of 1848–1849#Prussia, 1848–49 Revolution, until the abolition of Prussia in 1947 by the Allied Control Council. History of the office Under the Kingdom of Prussia the Minister President functioned as the chief minister of the list of monarchs of Prussia, King, and presided over the Landtag of Prussia, Landtag, the Prussian legislature established in 1848. After the unification of Germany in 1871 and until the German revolution of 1918–1919, 1918–1919 Revolution, the office of the Prussian Minister President was usually held by the Chancellor of Germany, Chancellor of the German Empire, beginning with the tenure of Otto von Bismarck. Under the Free State of Prussia the Minister President was the head of the state government in a ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Otto Theodor Von Manteuffel
Otto Theodor Freiherr von Manteuffel (3 February 1805 – 26 November 1882) was a conservative Prussian statesman, serving nearly a decade as prime minister. Early life Born into an aristocratic family in Lübben (Spreewald), Manteuffel attended the Landesschule Pforta from 1819. In 1824–1827, he studied jurisprudence and cameralism at the University of Halle, where he joined the Corps Saxonia Halle, a duelling ''Studentenverbindung'' in the Kösener Senioren-Convents-Verband ("KSCV"). Career In 1830, Manteuffel commenced his clerkship in law. He became a ''Landrat'' (local administrator) of the district of Luckau in 1833; in 1841, he was promoted to ''Oberregierungsrat'' (a senior administrative position) in Königsberg, and in 1843 he was made Vice-President of the government in Stettin. In 1844, the Prince of Prussia, who was then the head of the Ministry of State, appointed him there as an expert councillor (''vortragender Rat''). Soon thereafter he was also made a membe ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Lesser Germany
The term "Lesser Germany" ( German: , ) or "Lesser German solution" (German: {{Lang, de, Kleindeutsche Lösung) denoted essentially exclusion of the multinational Austria of the Habsburgs from the planned German unification as an option for solving the German question, in opposition to the one of ' Greater Germany'. In the 19th century, a part of the Austrian Empire belonged to the German Confederation. In the revolutionary era of 1848–1850, it was discussed whether Austria or a part of Austria could belong to a new German federal state. In 1867–1871, the 'Lesser Germany' became reality: a federal state under leadership of Prussia and without Austria. After that, the term lost its significance because since then 'Germany' is usually identified as this Lesser Germany. The other term, Greater Germany, remained in use for those who sought to incorporate Austria or the German-speaking parts of Austria into Germany. This became a political issue in the aftermath of World War On ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Frankfurt Parliament
The Frankfurt National Assembly () was the first freely elected parliament for all German Confederation, German states, including the German-populated areas of the Austrian Empire, elected on 1 May 1848 (see German federal election, 1848). The session was held from 18 May 1848 to 30 May 1849 in the St. Paul's Church, Frankfurt am Main, Paulskirche at Frankfurt am Main. Its existence was both part of and the result of the Revolutions of 1848 in the German states, "March Revolution" within the states of the German Confederation. After long and controversial debates, the assembly produced the so-called Frankfurt Constitution (''Paulskirchenverfassung'' or St. Paul's Church Constitution, officially the ''Verfassung des Deutschen Reiches'') which proclaimed a German Empire (1848–1849), German Empire based on the principles of parliamentary democracy. This constitution fulfilled the main demands of the liberal and Nation-state, nationalist Social movement, movements of the Vormärz ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Napoleon III
Napoleon III (Charles-Louis Napoléon Bonaparte; 20 April 18089 January 1873) was President of France from 1848 to 1852 and then Emperor of the French from 1852 until his deposition in 1870. He was the first president, second emperor, and last monarch of France. Prior to his reign, Napoleon III was known as Louis Napoleon Bonaparte. He was born at the height of the First French Empire in the Tuileries Palace at Paris, the son of Louis Bonaparte, King of Holland (r. 1806–1810), and Hortense de Beauharnais, and paternal nephew of the reigning Emperor Napoleon I. It would only be two months following his birth that he, in accordance with Napoleon I's dynastic naming policy, would be bestowed the name of Charles-Louis Napoleon, however, shortly thereafter, Charles was removed from his name. Louis Napoleon Bonaparte was the first and only president of the French Second Republic, 1848 French presidential election, elected in 1848. He 1851 French coup d'état, seized power by force i ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Thaler
A thaler or taler ( ; , previously spelled ) is one of the large silver coins minted in the states and territories of the Holy Roman Empire and the Habsburg monarchy during the Early Modern period. A ''thaler'' size silver coin has a diameter of about and a weight of about 25 to 30 grams (roughly 1 ounce). The word is shortened from , the original ''thaler'' coin minted in Joachimsthal, Bohemia, from 1520. While the first standard coin of the Holy Roman Empire was the of 1524, its longest-lived coin was the , which contained Cologne Mark of fine silver (or 25.984 g), and which was issued in various versions from 1566 to 1875. From the 17th century a lesser-valued '' North German thaler'' currency unit emerged, which by the 19th century became par with the . The ''thaler'' silver coin type continued to be minted until the 20th century in the form of the Mexican peso until 1914, the five Swiss franc coin until 1928, the US silver dollar until 1935, and the Austrian Ma ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Otto Von Bismarck
Otto, Prince of Bismarck, Count of Bismarck-Schönhausen, Duke of Lauenburg (; born ''Otto Eduard Leopold von Bismarck''; 1 April 1815 – 30 July 1898) was a German statesman and diplomat who oversaw the unification of Germany and served as its first Chancellor of Germany, chancellor from 1871 to 1890. Bismarck's ''Realpolitik'' and firm governance resulted in him being popularly known as the Iron Chancellor (). From Junker (Prussia), Junker landowner origins, Otto von Bismarck rose rapidly in Prussia, Prussian politics under King William I, German Emperor, Wilhelm I of Prussia. He served as the Prussian ambassador to Russian Empire, Russia and Second French Empire, France and in both houses of the Landtag of Prussia, Prussian parliament. From 1862 to 1890, he held office as the Minister President of Prussia, minister president and foreign minister of Prussia. Under Bismarck's leadership, Prussia provoked three short, decisive wars against Second Schleswig War, Denmark, Austr ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Moritz August Von Bethmann-Hollweg
Moritz August von Bethmann-Hollweg (8 April 1795 – 14 July 1877) was a German jurist and Prussian politician. Early life Bethmann-Hollweg was born on 8 April 1795 in Frankfurt am Main, He was the son of the banker Johann Jakob Bethmann-Hollweg and Susanne Elisabeth von Bethmann. As a child he was tutored by Carl Ritter and Georg Friedrich Grotefend. Later he studied at Göttingen University, and then Frederick William University in Berlin, where he was especially influenced by Friedrich Carl von Savigny. While still a student, he participated in the deciphering of the works of the Roman jurist Gaius discovered at Verona by Niebuhr. Career On New Year's Eve, 1817, he was transformed by a conversion experience into a born-again Christian. In the German Table Society, an exclusive society restricted to ethnic German Christians from birth, he met the brothers Leopold, Ernst Ludwig and Otto von Gerlach as well as Ernst Senfft von Pilsach and conversed with the Crown Prince, ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Hermann Wagener
Friedrich Wilhelm Hermann Wagener (March 8, 1815 in Segeletz (now Wusterhausen) – April 22, 1889 in Friedenau (now part of Berlin)) was a Prussian jurist, chief editor of the Kreuzzeitung (The "New Prussian Newspaper") and was a politician and minister from the Prussian Conservative Party. Life Wagenar was the son of a country priest from Neuruppin. After studies and graduation in Salzwedel in 1835 he studied legal science in Berlin. He was interested in the judicial philosophy of Friedrich Julius Stahl and the economic theories of Karl Ludwig von Haller regarding political legitimacy. He followed the usual legal career, becoming a law clerk in 1838 at the Higher Regional Court of Frankfurt (Oder) under vice president Ludwig von Gerlach and worked from 1844 to 1847 as an attorney at the Prussian land-improvement bureau and later at the consistory at the province of Saxony. In 1847 he became an appellate court attorney representing the consistory in Madeburg where he was ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
