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Neotrichocoleaceae
Neotrichocoleaceae is a family of liverworts in order Ptilidiales. It is closely related to the genera '' Ptilidium'' and ''Herzogianthus''. Phylogeny The diagram at left summarizes a portion of a 2006 cladistic analysis of liverworts based upon three chloroplast genes, one nuclear gene, and one mitochondrial gene. The genus '' Trichocoleopsis'' was not included in the original broad analysis, but it is the sister taxon of '' Neotrichocolea'' according to a more narrowly focussed study utilizing six chloroplast genes, two nuclear genes, and a mitochondrial gene. The genus '' Ptilidium'' is sister to the ''Trichocoleopsis''-''Neotrichocolea'' clade. The genus ''Herzogianthus'' is also believed to be related to this group, although it was not included in either molecular analysis. This combined clade, in turn, attaches at the base of a large clade (2600 species) designated "Leafy II". That clade, together with "Leafy I" (another 1800 species) and '' Pleurozia'' constitute the ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ptilidiales
Ptilidiales is an order of liverworts. Taxonomy * Herzogianthaceae Stotler & Crandall-Stotler 2009 ** ''Herzogianthus Herzogianthaceae is a family of liverworts belonging to the order Ptilidiales. The monotypic family consists of only one genus: ''Herzogianthus'' R.M.Schust.. The genus name of ''Herzogianthus'' is in honour of T. K. G. Herzog, Theodor Carl Juli ...'' Schuster 1961 'Anoplostoma'' Hodgson & Allison 1962* Neotrichocoleaceae Inoue 1974 ** '' Neotrichocolea'' Hattori 1947 ** '' Trichocoleopsis'' Okamura 1911 * Ptilidiaceae von Klinggräff 1858 ** '' Ptilidium'' Nees 1833 'Blepharozia'' Dumortier 1835 References {{Taxonbar, from=Q17276737 Liverwort orders ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Hiroshi Inoue (bryologist)
was a Japanese botanist specializing in bryology. Inoue's botanical publications are from Japan. He described or recognized many species of liverworts and edited the exsiccata Exsiccata (Latin, ''gen.'' -ae, ''plur.'' -ae) is a work with "published, uniform, numbered set of preserved specimens distributed with printed labels". Typically, exsiccatae are numbered collections of dried herbarium Biological specimen, spe ... ''Bryophyta selecta exsiccata''. Selected publications * Hattori, S. & H. Inoue. (1958). "Preliminary report on ''Takakia lepidozioides''." ''Journal of the Hattori Botanical Laboratory'' 18: 133–137. * Inoue, H. (1966). "Monosoleniaceae, a new family segregated from the Marchantiaceae." ''Bulletin of the National Science Museum (Tokyo)'' 9(2): 115–118, +2 pl. * Inoue, H. (1976). "The concept of genus in the Plagiochilaceae." ''Journal of the Hattori Botanical Laboratory'' 41: 13–17. * Inoue, H. (1984). ''The genus ''Plagiochila'' (Dum.) Dum. in southeast ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Family (biology)
Family (, : ) is one of the eight major hierarchical taxonomic ranks in Linnaean taxonomy. It is classified between order and genus. A family may be divided into subfamilies, which are intermediate ranks between the ranks of family and genus. The official family names are Latin in origin; however, popular names are often used: for example, walnut trees and hickory trees belong to the family Juglandaceae, but that family is commonly referred to as the "walnut family". The delineation of what constitutes a family—or whether a described family should be acknowledged—is established and decided upon by active taxonomists. There are not strict regulations for outlining or acknowledging a family, yet in the realm of plants, these classifications often rely on both the vegetative and reproductive characteristics of plant species. Taxonomists frequently hold varying perspectives on these descriptions, leading to a lack of widespread consensus within the scientific community ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Liverworts
Liverworts are a group of non-vascular plant, non-vascular embryophyte, land plants forming the division Marchantiophyta (). They may also be referred to as hepatics. Like mosses and hornworts, they have a gametophyte-dominant life cycle, in which cells of the plant carry only a single set of genetic information. The division name was derived from the genus name ''Marchantia'', named after his father by French botanist Jean Marchant. It is estimated that there are about 9000 species of liverworts. Some of the more familiar species grow as a flattened leafless thallus, but most species are leafy with a form very much like a flattened moss. Leafy species can be distinguished from the apparently similar mosses on the basis of a number of features, including their single-celled rhizoids. Leafy liverworts also differ from most (but not all) mosses in that their leaves never have a costa (botany), costa (present in many mosses) and may bear marginal cilia (botany), cilia (very rare i ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Order (biology)
Order () is one of the eight major hierarchical taxonomic ranks in Linnaean taxonomy. It is classified between family and class. In biological classification, the order is a taxonomic rank used in the classification of organisms and recognized by the nomenclature codes. An immediately higher rank, superorder, is sometimes added directly above order, with suborder directly beneath order. An order can also be defined as a group of related families. What does and does not belong to each order is determined by a taxonomist, as is whether a particular order should be recognized at all. Often there is no exact agreement, with different taxonomists each taking a different position. There are no hard rules that a taxonomist needs to follow in describing or recognizing an order. Some taxa are accepted almost universally, while others are recognized only rarely. The name of an order is usually written with a capital letter. For some groups of organisms, their orders may follow consist ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ptilidium
''Ptilidium'' is a genus of liverwort, and is the only genus in family Ptilidiaceae. It includes only three species: '' Ptilidium californicum'', '' Ptilidium ciliare'', and '' Ptilidium pulcherrimum''. The genus is distributed throughout the arctic and subarctic, with disjunct populations in New Zealand and Tierra del Fuego. Molecular analysis suggests that the genus has few close relatives and diverged from other leafy liverworts early in their evolution. Description The name of the genus comes from the Greek word ''ptilidion'' for "small feather", in reference to the multiply deeply divided leaves with fringed edges, which give the plant a "feathery" appearance. Unlike other leafy liverworts, the underleaves are not significantly smaller than the lateral leaves. The "flossy" appearance from the leaf edges, together with the characteristic yellowish-brown or reddish-brown color make the genus easy to recognize. Like ''Ptilidium'', '' Blepharostoma'' and '' Trichocolea'' have de ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Herzogianthus
Herzogianthaceae is a family of liverworts belonging to the order Ptilidiales. The monotypic family consists of only one genus: ''Herzogianthus'' R.M.Schust.. The genus name of ''Herzogianthus'' is in honour of T. K. G. Herzog, Theodor Carl Julius Herzog (1880– 1961), who was a German bryologist and phytogeographer. The genus was circumscription (taxonomy), circumscribed by Rudolf Mathias Schuster in J. Hattori Bot. Lab. vol.23 on page 71 in 1961. The genus is only found in New Zealand. Species The genus contains 2 known species; * ''Herzogianthus sanguineus'' * ''Herzogianthus vaginatus'' References {{Taxonbar, from1=Q17305101, from2=Q22809341 Ptilidiales Liverwort genera ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Pleurozia
''Pleurozia'' is the only genus of liverworts in the family Pleuroziaceae, which is now classified in its own order Pleuroziales, but was previously included in a broader circumscription of the Jungermanniales. The genus includes twelve species, and as a whole is both physically distinctive and widely distributed. The lower leaf lobes of ''Pleurozia'' species are fused, forming a closed water sac covered by a movable lid similar in structure to those of the angiosperm genus ''Utricularia''. These sacs were assumed to play a role in water storage, but a 2005 study on ''Pleurozia purpurea'' found that the sacs attract and trap ciliates, much in the same way as ''Utricularia''. Observations of plants ''in situ'' also revealed a large number of trapped prey within the sacs, suggesting that the species in this genus obtain some benefit from a carnivorous habit. After '' Colura'', this was the second report of zoophagy among the liverworts. Taxonomy The genus ''Pleurozia'' has been su ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Metzgeriales
Metzgeriales is an order of liverworts. The group is sometimes called the simple thalloid liverworts: " thalloid" because the members lack structures resembling stems or leaves, and "simple" because their tissues are thin and relatively undifferentiated. All species in the order have a small gametophyte stage and a smaller, relatively short-lived, spore-bearing stage. Although these plants are almost entirely restricted to regions with high humidity or readily available moisture, the group as a whole is widely distributed, and occurs on every continent except Antarctica. Description Members of the Metzgeriales typically are small and thin enough to be translucent, with most of the tissues only a single cell layer in thickness. Because these plants are thin and relatively undifferentiated, with little evidence of distinct tissues, the Metzgeriales are sometimes called the "simple thalloid liverworts". There is considerable diversity in vegetative structure of the Metzger ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Cladistics
Cladistics ( ; from Ancient Greek 'branch') is an approach to Taxonomy (biology), biological classification in which organisms are categorized in groups ("clades") based on hypotheses of most recent common ancestry. The evidence for hypothesized relationships is typically shared derived (phylogenetics), derived characteristics (synapomorphies) that are not present in more distant groups and ancestors. However, from an empirical perspective, common ancestors are inferences based on a cladistic hypothesis of relationships of taxa whose Phenotypic trait, character states can be observed. Theoretically, a last common ancestor and all its descendants constitute a (minimal) clade. Importantly, all descendants stay in their overarching ancestral clade. For example, if the terms ''worms'' or ''fishes'' were used within a ''strict'' cladistic framework, these terms would include humans. Many of these terms are normally used Paraphyly, paraphyletically, outside of cladistics, e.g. as a 'E ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
