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Neopaganism In Italy
Neopaganism in Italy reportedly counted about 3,200 adherents in 2020, according to data from CESNUR, divided among numerous neopagan, neodruidic, neoshamanic, or neo-witchcraft religions, presenting themselves as a varied set of cults that claim to descend from or be inspired by the pagan religions of classical or earlier eras History Traces of ancient Roman and Mediterranean religions survive through the Osirian Egyptian Order (OOE), which originated from priests who fled Alexandria around 391 CE after the destruction of the Serapeum and settled in Naples. The OOE preserved Greco-Roman and Egyptian ritual traditions continuously over the centuries. Giuliano Kremmerz was initiated into the OOE in the late 19th century, and founded the Brotherhood of Myriam, which directly descends from the OOE. This phenomenon can be understood as a form of survival, as opposed to revival, of ancient ritual practices, and it has influenced some modern pagan groups in Italy. Interest in re ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Tempio Di Minerva Medica A Pordenone
Tempio Pausania (; ) is a town of about 14,000 inhabitants in the Gallura region of northern Sardinia, Italy, in the province of Sassari. It is one of I Borghi più belli d'Italia ("The most beautiful villages of Italy"). History Cultural and delegated administrative centre of the Gallura sub-region, Tempio has an ancient history. Typical granite-stone architecture of the historical centre presents many similarities with southern Corsican towns. From 2005 - 2016 it was the capital of the province of Olbia-Tempio together with Olbia. Main sights * Historical centre of the town, built in grey granite blocks (mainly 18th century); particularly Corso Matteotti, via Roma (''Carrera Longa'', ''Lu Runzatu'', ''Lu Pultali''), Piazza d'Italia (''Piazza di l'Ara''), Parco delle Rimembranze, Fonte Nuova (''Funtana Noa'') and Parco di San Lorenzo, via Mannu (ex via dei Nobili or dei Cavalieri) * Nuraghe Maiori (''Naracu Maiori'') * Nuraghe Polcu (''Naracu Polcu'') * Ruins of Palace of ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Natale Di Roma
Natale di Roma () is an annual festival held in Rome on April 21 to celebrate the legendary founding of the city.Plutarch, ''Parallel Lives - Life of Romulus''12.2(from LacusCurtius) According to legend, Romulus is said to have founded the city of Rome on April 21, 753 BC. A Roman chronology derived its system, known by the Latin phrase ''Ab urbe condita'', meaning 'from the founding of the City', from this date and counted the years from this presumed foundation. The dominant method of identifying years in Roman times, though, was to name the two consuls who held office that year. It was celebrated for the first time in 47 AD. Celebrations of the festival in the age of Rome The celebration of the anniversary of the Urbe as an element of imperial propaganda ultimately assigned fundamental importance to the question of the year of foundation. Starting from Emperor Claudius, the method of calculating the City's age, proposed by Marcus Terentius Varro, prevailed over others. Cla ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Pythagoreanism
Pythagoreanism originated in the 6th century BC, based on and around the teachings and beliefs held by Pythagoras and his followers, the Pythagoreans. Pythagoras established the first Pythagorean community in the Ancient Greece, ancient Greek colony of Crotone, Kroton, in modern Calabria (Italy) circa 530 BC. Early Pythagorean communities spread throughout Magna Graecia. Already during Pythagoras' life it is likely that the distinction between the ''akousmatikoi'' ("those who listen"), who is conventionally regarded as more concerned with religious, and ritual elements, and associated with the oral tradition, and the ''mathematikoi'' ("those who learn") existed. The ancient biographers of Pythagoras, Iamblichus () and his master Porphyry (philosopher), Porphyry ( ) seem to make the distinction of the two as that of 'beginner' and 'advanced'. As the Pythagorean cenobites practiced an esoteric path, like the Greco-Roman mysteries, mystery schools of antiquity, the adherents, ''akou ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Amedeo Rocco Armentano
Amedeo Rocco Armentano, pseudonym ARA (6 February 1886, in Scalea – 14 September 1966, in São Paulo), was an Italian esotericist and musician. Armentano was, together with Arturo Reghini, one of the main creators of the pagan revival in Italy. Biography Born in Scalea (Cosenza) on 10 February 1886 to Giuseppe Armentano and Maria Alario, at the age of fifteen he moved with his family to Brazil, where relatives had been living for some time. There he began to study music (piano and violin) and attended the ''Liberi Pensatori (''english: free thinkers) club in São Paulo. In 1905 he returned to Italy and settled in Florence to attend the ''Reale Istituto Musicale''. In 1907, after having been initiated into Freemasonry, Armentano met Arturo Reghini and began to work with him on a reform of the Italian Freemasonry, in order to give it a more properly Italian-Pythagorean rather than a Jewish-Christian connotation. In that year, he was initiated into the "Lucifero" Lodge of the ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Roggero Musmeci Ferrari Bravo
Roggero Musmeci Ferrari Bravo (2 March 1868 – 6 May 1937), known under the pen name ignis, was an Italian poet and playwright. He is best known for his play ''Rumon: Sacrae Romae Origines'', first performed in 1923. Early life Roggero Musmeci Ferrari Bravo was born in Palermo on Sicily on 2 March 1868. His father died when he was young, after which his mother moved with him to Rome. He gained a medical degree in surgery and a second degree in jurisprudence. He soon chose to not pursue a career related to his degrees, but to devote his time to becoming a writer. Literary career His literary output can be understood in the context of the anti-clerical tendencies during the Risorgimento and the fall of the Papal States. During this period, a part of the Italian intelligentsia entertained the idea of returning to paganism as a viable way forward. Musmeci adopted the pen name ''ignis'', which is Latin for "fire", because he regarded himself as a creative spark that would help to rev ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Giacomo Boni (archaeologist)
Giacomo Boni (25 April 1859 – 10 July 1925) was an Italian archaeologist specializing in Roman architecture. He is most famous for his work in the Roman Forum. Life Born in Venice, Boni studied architecture at the Accademia di Belle Arti in his native city and later moved to Rome. During World War I Boni participated as a soldier, and was elected senator in 1923, at which time he embraced fascism. Boni died in Rome, and he is buried in the Orti Farnesiani on the Palatine Hill. Work Venice His early work as an architect involved him in the restoration of the Doge's Palace. During this time he demonstrated his technical skills. In the 1880s, Boni met Horatio Brown, who became his colleague in a shared passion for antiquities. Rome In 1888 Boni went to Rome, where in 1898 the Ministro della Pubblica Istruzione G. Baccelli named him director of excavations in the Forum Romanum. Boni directed this important project from 1898 until his death in 1925. He was interested in the st ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Anti-clericalism
Anti-clericalism is opposition to clergy, religious authority, typically in social or political matters. Historically, anti-clericalism in Christian traditions has been opposed to the influence of Catholicism. Anti-clericalism is related to secularism, which seeks to separation of church and state, separate the church from public and political life. Some have opposed clergy on the basis of moral corruption, institutional issues and/or disagreements in religious interpretation, such as during the Protestant Reformation. Anti-clericalism became extremely violent during the French Revolution, because revolutionaries claimed the church played a pivotal role in the systems of oppression which led to it. Many clerics were killed, and French revolutionary governments tried to put priests under the control of the state by making them employees. Anti-clericalism appeared in Catholic Europe throughout the 19th century, in various forms, and later in Canada, Cuba, and Latin America. Accordi ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Italian Unification
The unification of Italy ( ), also known as the Risorgimento (; ), was the 19th century political and social movement that in 1861 ended in the annexation of various states of the Italian peninsula and its outlying isles to the Kingdom of Sardinia, resulting in the creation of the Kingdom of Italy. Inspired by the rebellions in the 1820s and 1830s against the outcome of the Congress of Vienna, the unification process was precipitated by the Revolutions of 1848, and reached completion in 1870 after the capture of Rome and its designation as the capital of the Kingdom of Italy. Individuals who played a major part in the struggle for unification and liberation from foreign domination included King Victor Emmanuel II of Italy; politician, economist and statesman Camillo Benso, Count of Cavour; general Giuseppe Garibaldi; and journalist and politician Giuseppe Mazzini. Borrowing from the old Latin title '' Pater Patriae'' of the Roman emperors, the Italians gave to King Vi ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Papal States
The Papal States ( ; ; ), officially the State of the Church, were a conglomeration of territories on the Italian peninsula under the direct sovereign rule of the pope from 756 to 1870. They were among the major states of Italy from the 8th century until the unification of Italy, which took place between 1859 and 1870, culminated in their demise. The state was legally established in the 8th century when Pepin the Short, king of the Franks, gave Pope Stephen II, as a temporal sovereign, lands formerly held by Arian Christian Lombards, adding them to lands and other real estate formerly acquired and held by the bishops of Rome as landlords from the time of Constantine onward. This donation came about as part of a process whereby the popes began to turn away from the Byzantine emperors as their foremost temporal guardians for reasons such as increased imperial taxes, disagreement with respect to iconoclasm, and failure of the emperors, or their exarchs in Italy, to pro ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Sack Of Rome (1527)
The Sack of Rome, then part of the Papal States, followed the capture of Rome on 6 May 1527 by the mutiny, mutinous troops of Charles V, Holy Roman Emperor, during the War of the League of Cognac. Charles V only intended to threaten military action to make Pope Clement VII come to his terms. However, most of the Imperial Army (Holy Roman Empire), Imperial army (14,000 Germans, including Lutherans, 6,000 Spaniards and some Italians, Italians) were largely unpaid. Despite being ordered not to storm Rome, they broke into the scarcely defended city and began looting, killing, and holding citizens for ransom without any restraint. Clement VII took refuge in Castel Sant'Angelo after the Swiss Guard were annihilated in a delaying rear guard action; he remained there until a ransom was paid to the pillagers. Benvenuto Cellini, eyewitness to the events, described the sack in his works. It was not until February 1528 that the spread of a plague and the approach of the League forces unde ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Pope Sixtus IV
Pope Sixtus IV (or Xystus IV, ; born Francesco della Rovere; (21 July 1414 – 12 August 1484) was head of the Catholic Church and ruler of the Papal States from 9 August 1471 until his death in 1484. His accomplishments as pope included the construction of the Sistine Chapel and the creation of the Vatican Library. A patron of the arts, he brought together the group of artists who ushered the early Renaissance into Rome with the first masterpieces of the city's new artistic age. Sixtus created the Spanish Inquisition through the Papal bull ''Exigit Sinceræ Devotionis'' (1478), and annulled the Pontifical decrees of the Council of Constance. He was noted for his nepotism and was personally involved in the infamous Pazzi conspiracy, a plot to remove the Medici family from power in Florence. Early life Francesco was a member of the Della Rovere family, a son of Leonardo Beltramo di Savona della Rovere and Luchina Monteleoni. He was born in Celle Ligure, a town near S ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Pope Paul II
Pope Paul II (; ; 23 February 1417 – 26 July 1471), born Pietro Barbo, was head of the Catholic Church and ruler of the Papal States from 30 August 1464 to his death in 1471. When his maternal uncle became Pope Eugene IV, Barbo switched from training to be a merchant to religious studies. His rise in the Church was relatively rapid. Elected pope in 1464, Paul amassed a great collection of art and antiquities. Early life Pietro Barbo was born in Venice, the son of Niccolò Barbo and wife Polissena Condulmer.Weber, Nicholas. "Pope Paul II." The Catholic Encyclopedia Vol. 11. New York: Robert Appleton Company, 1911. 15 May 2020. His mother was the sister of Pope Eugene IV (1431–1447). Through his f ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
