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Neo-Buddhism
Buddhist modernism (also referred to as modern Buddhism, modernist Buddhism, Neo-Buddhism, and Protestant Buddhism) are new movements based on modern era reinterpretations of Buddhism. David McMahan states that modernism in Buddhism is similar to those found in other religions. The sources of influences have variously been an engagement of Buddhist communities and teachers with the new cultures and methodologies such as "Western monotheism; rationalism and Naturalism (philosophy), scientific naturalism; and Romanticism, Romantic expressivism". The influence of monotheism has been the internalization of Creator in Buddhism, Buddhist gods to make it acceptable in modern Western world, Western society, while scientific naturalism and romanticism has influenced the emphasis on current life, empirical defense, reason, psychological and health benefits. The Neo-Buddhism movements differ in their doctrines and practices from the historical, mainstream Theravada, Mahayana and Vajrayana B ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Navayana
''Navayāna'' (Devanagari: नवयान, IAST: ''Navayāna'', meaning "New Vehicle"), otherwise known as Navayāna Buddhism, refers to the Engaged Buddhism, socially engaged Buddhist schools, school of Buddhism founded and developed by the Indian jurist, social reformer, and scholar B. R. Ambedkar; it is otherwise called Neo-Buddhism and Ambedkarite Buddhism. Rather than a new sect, it is the application of Buddhist principles for the welfare of many. B. R. Ambedkar was an Indian lawyer, politician, and Buddhist studies, scholar of Buddhism, and the Drafting Chairman of the Constitution of India. He was born in an untouchable family during the British Raj, colonial era of India, studied abroad, became a Dalit leader, and announced in 1935 his intent to convert from Hinduism to a different religion, an endeavor which took him to study all the major religions of the world in depth, namely Hinduism, Buddhism, Sikhism, Christianity, and Islam, for nearly 21 years. The school w ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Secular Buddhism
Secular Buddhism, also called agnostic Buddhism and naturalistic Buddhism, is a modern, western movement within Buddhism that leans toward an "exclusive humanism" that rejects "superhuman agencies and supernatural processes" and religious transcendence. It developed as a response to traditional Buddhism, and to the modernised versions of Buddhism which were popularized in the west, but contained traditional elements deemed incompatible with western scientific rationalism and egalitarian humanistic values. Secular Buddhism embraces skepticism, humanist values, a "full human flourishing," and/or a morality embedded in the natural order. It values personal and social development, with Ambedkar's interpretation of Buddhism considered a branch of engaged Buddhism. Definition and origins Secular Buddhism is a movement within contemporary western Buddhism that developed out of Buddhist modernism, rejecting "supernatural, paranormal, or mystical beliefs." According to Higg ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Buddhism
Buddhism, also known as Buddhadharma and Dharmavinaya, is an Indian religion and List of philosophies, philosophical tradition based on Pre-sectarian Buddhism, teachings attributed to the Buddha, a wandering teacher who lived in the 6th or 5th century Before the Common Era, BCE. It is the Major religious groups, world's fourth-largest religion, with about 500 million followers, known as Buddhists, who comprise four percent of the global population. It arose in the eastern Gangetic plain as a movement in the 5th century BCE, and gradually spread throughout much of Asia. Buddhism has subsequently played a major role in Asian culture and spirituality, eventually spreading to Western world, the West in the 20th century. According to tradition, the Buddha instructed his followers in a path of bhavana, development which leads to Enlightenment in Buddhism, awakening and moksha, full liberation from ''Duḥkha, dukkha'' (). He regarded this path as a Middle Way between extremes su ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Dobokai
The Ohigashi schism (お東騒動) was a religious schism in the Ōtani-ha (also known as Higashi Hongan-ji) subsect of the Jōdo Shinshū school of Buddhism that occurred in 1969 after a reformist group created internal divisions. History The Dobokai movement (同朋会運動), a reform group within Higashi Hongan-ji, officially began on the 700th memorial of Shinran in 1962, though its roots were in a movement started in 1947 by a group of practitioners calling themselves the ''shinjinsha'' "true person community".Popular Buddhism in Japan: Shin Buddhist Religion & Culture by Esben Andreasen, pp. 26, 69-73 / University of Hawaii Press 1998, . The grass-roots reform group was led by Kurube Shin'yū. Akegarasu Haya, Soga Ryōjin, and other disciples of Kiyozawa Manshi were also closely involved.Higashi Honganji sanjūnen funsō 東本願寺三十年紛争 by Tahara Yukio 田原由紀雄, pp. 37-41 / Hakubasha 2004, . The goal of the Dobokai movement was to awaken and unite members ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Buddhist Meditation
Buddhist meditation is the practice of meditation in Buddhism. The closest words for meditation in the classical languages of Buddhism are ''bhavana, bhāvanā'' ("mental development") and ''Dhyāna in Buddhism, jhāna/dhyāna'' (a state of meditative absorption resulting in a calm and luminous mind). Buddhists pursue meditation as part of the path toward Moksha, liberation from defilements (''Kleshas (Buddhism), kleshas'') and clinging and craving (''upādāna''), also called Bodhi, awakening, which results in the attainment of nirvana. The Indian Schools of Buddhism, Buddhist schools relied on numerous meditation techniques to attain meditative absorption, some of which remain influential in certain modern schools of Buddhism. Classic Buddhist meditations include ''anapanasati'' (mindfulness of breathing), ''Patikulamanasikara, asubha bhavana'' ("reflections on repulsiveness");Deleanu, Florin (1992)Mindfulness of Breathing in the Dhyāna Sūtras Transactions of the Internatio ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Tzu Chi
The Buddhist Tzu Chi Charity Foundation ( zh, t=佛教慈濟慈善事業基金會, l=Buddhist Compassionate Relief Charitable Foundation) is a Taiwanese international humanitarian and nongovernmental organization. Its work includes medical aid, disaster relief, and environmental work. The foundation was founded on 14 April 1966 by Cheng Yen, a Taiwanese Buddhist nun, as a Buddhist humanitarian organization, initially funded by housewives. Tzu Chi expanded its services over time, opening a free medical clinic in 1972 and building its first hospital in 1986. The organization underwent rapid expansion in the late 1980s and early 1990s, coinciding with a surge of popularity in Humanistic Buddhism in Taiwan. In the 1990s, the organization started major international disaster relief efforts, including the construction of new homes, schools, hospitals, and places of worship. Today, Tzu Chi has a policy of being secular in its humanitarian work, with Buddhist teachings being int ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Won Buddhism
Won Buddhism () is a Buddhist modernism, modern Buddhist religion originating in Korea. The name "Won Buddhism" comes from the Korean words 원/圓 ''won'' ("circle") and 불교/佛敎 ''bulgyo'' ("Buddhism"), literally meaning "Circle Buddhism" or interpreted as "Consummate Buddhism". It can be regarded as either a Religious syncretism, syncretic new religious movement or a reformed Buddhism. The stated goals of Won Buddhism are for people to realize their own innate Buddha nature and to save all sentient beings by serving others. Emphasis is on interaction with daily life, not "stilling the impulses", but rather acting in accord with "appropriate desires". Won Buddhism's founder, Sotaesan (Bak Jungbin, 1891–1943) believed that overemphasis on the material world in relation to the spiritual world would create undue suffering; his founding motto was, "With this Great Opening of matter, let there be a Great Opening of spirit." Founder and early his ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Fo Guang Shan
Fo Guang Shan (FGS) () is an international Chinese Buddhism, Chinese Mahāyāna Buddhist organization and monastic order based in Taiwan that practices Humanistic Buddhism whose roots are traced to the Linji school of Chan Buddhism. The headquarters, Fo Guang Shan Monastery, is located in Dashu District, Kaohsiung, and is the largest Buddhist monastery in Taiwan. The organization is also one of the largest charity organizations in Taiwan. The organization's counterpart for laypeople is known as the Buddha's Light International Association. Founded in 1967 by Hsing Yun, the order promotes Humanistic Buddhism and is known for its efforts in the modernization of Chinese Buddhism. The order is famous for its use of technology and its temples are often furnished with the latest equipment. Hsing Yun's stated position for Fo Guang Shan is that it is an "amalgam of all Eight Schools of Chinese Buddhism" (). The Fo Guang Shan order has several associated colleges, among them Fo Guang Un ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Dharma Drum Mountain
Dharma Drum Mountain (DDM; ) is an international Buddhist spiritual, cultural, and educational foundation founded by late Chan master Sheng-yen (1931–2009). The center focuses on educating the public in Buddhism with the goal of improving the world and establishing a "Pure Land on Earth" through Buddhist education. The international headquarters of this organization is located at Jinshan District, New Taipei City, Taiwan. Dharma Drum Mountain is one of the most influential Buddhist organizations in Chinese Buddhism. In Taiwan, Master Sheng-yen was considered one of the "Four Heavenly Kings" and Dharma Drum Mountain one of the " Four Great Mountains" or four major Buddhist organizations of Taiwanese Buddhism, along with Tzu Chi, Fo Guang Shan, and Chung Tai Shan. History Long before the establishment of the Jinshan headquarters, the development of Dharma Drum originated in the Chung-Hwa Institute of Buddhist Culture (CHIBC) and Nung Chan Monastery. Both were founded by ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Triratna Buddhist Community
The Triratna Buddhist Community, formerly the Friends of the Western Buddhist Order (FWBO), is an international fellowship of Buddhists. It was founded in the UK in 1967 by Sangharakshita (born Dennis Philip Edward Lingwood) and describes itself as "an international network dedicated to communicating Buddhist truths in ways appropriate to the modern world". In keeping with Buddhist traditions, it also pays attention to contemporary ideas, particularly drawn from Western philosophy, psychotherapy, and art. Worldwide, more than 100 groups are affiliated with the community, including in North America, Australasia and Europe. In the UK, it is one of the largest Buddhist movements, with some 30 urban centres and retreat centres. The UK based international headquarters is at Adhisthana retreat centre in Coddington, Herefordshire. Its largest following, however, is in India, where it is known as Triratna Bauddha Mahāsaṅgha (TBM), formerly the Trailokya Bauddha Mahasangha Sahayaka ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Vipassana Movement
The Vipassanā movement refers to a branch of modern Burmese Theravāda Buddhism that promotes "bare insight" (''sukha-Vipassana'') meditation practice to develop insight into the three marks of existence and attain stream entry. It gained widespread popularity since the 1950s, including through its western derivatives which have been popularised since the 1970s, giving rise to the more dhyana-oriented mindfulness movement. The Burmese Vipassana movement has its roots in the 19th century, when Theravada Buddhism came to be influenced by western modernism, and some monks tried to restore the Buddhist practice of meditation. Based on the commentaries, Ledi Sayadaw popularized ''Vipassana meditation'' for lay people, teaching '' samatha'' and stressing the practice of '' satipatthana'' to acquire '' Vipassana'' (insight) into the three marks of existence as the main means to attain the beginning of awakening and become a stream-enterer. It was greatly popularized in the 20 ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Buddhism In France
Buddhism is the third largest religion in France, after Christianity and Islam. France has over two hundred Buddhist meditation centers, including about twenty sizable retreat centers in rural areas. The Buddhist population mainly consists of Chinese, Vietnamese, Lao, Cambodian and Korean immigrants, with a substantial minority of native French converts and "sympathizers." The rising popularity of Buddhism in France has been the subject of considerable discussion in the French media and academy in recent years. Demographics In the early 1990s, the French Buddhist Union (UBF, founded in 1986) estimated there to be 600,000 to 650,000 Buddhists in France, with 150,000 French converts among them.Obadia, Lionel (2001)Tibetan Buddhism in France: A Missionary Religion?, Journal of Global Buddhism 2, 92-109 In 1999, sociologist Frédéric Lenoir estimated there are 10,000 converts and up to 5 million "sympathizers," although other researchers have questioned these numbers. A 1 ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
