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Neil Francis Hawkins
Neil Lanfear Maclean Francis Hawkins (September 1907 – 26 December 1950) was a British writer and politician who was a leading proponent of British fascism in the United Kingdom both before and after the Second World War. He played a leading role in the British Union of Fascists and controlled the organisational structure of the movement. British Fascisti Francis Hawkins joined the British Fascisti (BF) around the time of its inception, became a member of the three-man Headquarters Committee and was seen by many of the male members as a preferable leader to Rotha Lintorn-Orman. Under the influence of Francis Hawkins and his close ally E. G. Mandeville Roe, the BF, which, despite its name, had been fairly conservative in nature, moved towards a more genuinely fascist position by emphasising the corporate state and anti-Semitism. Without Lintorn-Orman's approval, he held a series of talks with Robert Forgan in which he agreed in principle the idea of merging the BF into the New ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Fascism
Fascism ( ) is a far-right, authoritarian, and ultranationalist political ideology and movement. It is characterized by a dictatorial leader, centralized autocracy, militarism, forcible suppression of opposition, belief in a natural social hierarchy, subordination of individual interests for the perceived interest of the nation or Race (human categorization), race, and strong regimentation of society and the economy. Opposed to communism, democracy, liberalism, Pluralism (political philosophy), pluralism, and socialism, fascism is at the far right of the traditional left–right spectrum.; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; Fascism rose to prominence in early-20th-century Europe. The first fascist movements Italian fascism, emerged in Italy during World War I, before Fascism in Europe, spreading to other European countries, most notably Nazi Germany, Germany. Fascism also had adherents outside of Europe. Fascists saw World War I as a revolution that brought massive changes to the nature ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Martin Pugh (author)
Martin D. Pugh (born 1947) is a British historian who specialises in the women's, political, and social history of Nineteenth and Twentieth Century Britain. Biography Pugh has held professorships at Newcastle University and Liverpool John Moores University, and is a fellow of the Royal Historical Society. He has written 19 articles for the ''Oxford Dictionary of National Biography The ''Dictionary of National Biography'' (''DNB'') is a standard work of reference on notable figures from History of the British Isles, British history, published since 1885. The updated ''Oxford Dictionary of National Biography'' (''ODNB'') ...''. Pugh also sits on the board of BBC History magazine. Bibliography * ''Lloyd George'' (Profiles in Power) (1988) * ''The March of the Women: A revisionist analysis of the campaign for women's suffrage, 1866-1914'' (2000) * ''Women and the Women's Movement in Britain, 1914-1999'' (2000) * ''The Making of Modern British Politics: 1867–1945'', 3r ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Derby
Derby ( ) is a City status in the United Kingdom, city and Unitary authorities of England, unitary authority area on the River Derwent, Derbyshire, River Derwent in Derbyshire, England. Derbyshire is named after Derby, which was its original county town. As a unitary authority, Derby is administratively independent from Derbyshire County Council. The population of Derby is (). The Romans established the town of Derventio Coritanorum, Derventio, which was later captured by the Anglo-Saxons and then by the Vikings who made one of the Five Boroughs of the Danelaw. Initially a market town, Derby grew rapidly in the industrial era and was home to Lombe's Mill, an early British factory and it contains the southern part of the Derwent Valley Mills World Heritage Site. With the arrival of the railways in the 19th century, Derby became a centre of the Rail transport in Great Britain, British rail industry. Despite having a Derby Cathedral, cathedral since 1927, Derby did not gain City ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Brixton (HM Prison)
HM Prison Brixton is a Category C training establishment men's prison, located in Brixton area of the London Borough of Lambeth, in inner- South London. The prison is operated by His Majesty's Prison Service. Before 2012, it was used as a local prison. History The prison was originally built in 1820 and opened as the Surrey House of Correction, Brixton Prison was intended to house 175 prisoners. However, regularly exceeding its capacity supporting over 200 prisoners, overcrowding was an early problem and with its small cells and poor living conditions contributed to its reputation as one of the worst prisons in London (worsened when Brixton became one of the first prisons to introduce penal treadmills in 1821). There is an illustration of prisoners on the 1821 treadmill used to mill corn in Surrey House of Correction. Conditions for women were especially harsh as newly arrived female inmates were made to spend four months in solitary confinement and, following their introdu ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Stafford (HM Prison)
HM Prison Stafford is a Category C men's prison, located in Stafford, Staffordshire, England. The prison is operated by His Majesty's Prison Service. In 2014 it became a sex offender-only jail. History His Majesty's Prison at Stafford was originally constructed and opened as the Staffordshire County Gaol ("New Staffordshire Gaol") in 1793 having been constructed under the Stafford Gaol Act 1787 (27 Geo. 3. c. 60). It was substantially enlarged by a building development programme of works in the 19th century. HMP Stafford became a sex offender-only prison in 2014. Early history In 1812, forger William Booth was publicly executed outside the jail. A badly-tied rope allowed him to fall to the floor, unharmed. He was hanged a second time, fatally, later that day. Among its early prisoners was George Smith, who served several sentences for theft in the facility and began his later work as a hangman while still a prisoner, assisting William Calcraft. He officiated at several ex ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Defence Regulation 18B
Defence Regulation 18B, often referred to as simply 18B, was one of the Defence Regulations used by the British Government during and before the Second World War. The complete name for the rule was Regulation 18B of the Defence (General) Regulations 1939. It allowed the internment without trial of people suspected of being actively opposed to the ongoing war with Germany during World War II such as separatist elements (for example Irish republicans suspected of involvement in the Sabotage Campaign) or were otherwise suspected of ideological Nazi-aligned sympathy (this included members of the British Union of Fascists and similar groups). The effect of 18B was to suspend the right of affected individuals to ''habeas corpus''. Preparations for war The Defence Regulations existed in draft form, constantly revised, throughout the years between the world wars. In early 1939 it was decided that since a war might break out without warning or without time to pass an Act of Parliament ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Hastings Russell, 12th Duke Of Bedford
Hastings William Sackville Russell, 12th Duke of Bedford (21 December 1888 – 9 October 1953) was a British peer. He was born at Cairnsmore House, Minnigaff, Kirkcudbrightshire, the son of Herbrand Russell, 11th Duke of Bedford, and his wife Mary Du Caurroy Tribe, the aviator and ornithologist. He was known for both his career as a naturalist and for his involvement in British far-right politics including his involvement as the co-founder of the British People's Party. Russell died after accidentally shooting himself in 1953. Early life Educated at Eton College, Russell graduated from Balliol College, Oxford with a BA degree later promoted by seniority to an Oxford MA. He was commissioned into the 10th Battalion, the Middlesex Regiment, but did not see active service in the First World War, owing to ill health. Naturalism A keen naturalist, Russell arranged a 1906 expedition to Shaanxi, China to collect zoological specimens for the British Museum, during which Arthur de ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
British Peoples Party (1939)
The British People's Party (BPP) was a British far-right political party founded in 1939 and led by ex-British Union of Fascists (BUF) member and Labour Party Member of Parliament John Beckett. Origins The BPP had its roots in the journal ''New Pioneer'', edited by John Beckett and effectively the mouthpiece of the British Council Against European Commitments, a co-ordinating body involving the National Socialist League (NSL), English Array and League of Loyalists. The main crux of this publication was opposition to war with Nazi Germany, although it also endorsed fascism and anti-Semitism. The proprietor of this journal was Viscount Lymington, a strong opponent of war with Germany.D. Boothroyd, ''The History of British Political Parties'', London: Politico's Publishing, 2001, p. 24 Others involved in its production included A. K. Chesterton and the anthropologist George Henry Lane-Fox Pitt-Rivers, whilst individual members, especially Lymington, were close to ruralist ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
The Link (organisation)
The Link was a British pro-Nazi, independent, non-party organisation to promote Anglo-German friendship established in July 1937 and terminated by the outbreak of World War II in September 1939. At its height, its membership numbered around 4,300 in 35 chapters. It was founded by Admiral Barry Domvile as an explicitly pro-Nazi alternative to the less overtly pro-Nazi Anglo-German Fellowship. The Link generally operated as a cultural organisation hosting parties, dances, and film nights, although its magazine, ''The Anglo-German Review'', reflected pro-Nazi views, and its chapters often hosted antisemitic and pro-Nazi speeches in addition to other cultural activities. It attracted a number of antisemites and pro-Nazis, particularly in its London and Belfast chapters, while also attracting some anti-war pacifists including the Labour Party member Wenman J. Bassett-Lowke. Shortly before Britain entered World War II, the organisation was investigated by MI5 and the British Home ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Right Club
The Right Club was a small group of antisemitic and fascist sympathising renegades within the British establishment formed a few months before World War II by the Scottish Unionist MP Archibald Maule Ramsay. It was focused on opposition to war with Germany up to and including by acts of treason. Many of its members were imprisoned for the duration of the war. Members of the group was implicated in two plots to launch a coup when Germany landed in Britain. Formation The group was formed in May 1939, when Ramsay decided that the British Conservative Party needed to rid itself of perceived Jewish control. Ramsay, in describing the Right Club, boasted that "The main objective was to oppose and expose the activities of organised Jewry". Its first objective "was to clear the Conservative Party of Jewish influence."The aim of the Club is to co-ordinate the activities of all the patriotic bodies which are striving to free this country from the Jewish domination in the financial, politi ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Nordic League
The Nordic League (NL) was a far-right organisation in the United Kingdom from 1935 to 1939 that sought to serve as a co-ordinating body for the various extremist movements whilst also seeking to promote Nazism. The League was a private organisation that did not organise any public events. Development The Nordic League (NL) originated in 1935 when agents of Alfred Rosenberg's '' Nordische Gesellschaft'' arrived in Britain to establish a UK version of their movement. The main force behind this new group was Unionist MP Archibald Maule Ramsay who chaired the group's 14-man leadership council. The group's constitution described it as an "association of race conscious Britons" and sought to co-ordinate all far-right and fascist movements whilst giving particular emphasis to anti-Semitism. The League sought to unite leading figures from across the far right, as demonstrated in April 1939 when a meeting addressed by Ramsay was chaired by a member of the British Union of Fascists who ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
National Socialist League
The National Socialist League (NSL) was a short-lived Nazi political movement in the United Kingdom immediately prior to the Second World War. Formation The NSL was formed in 1937 by William Joyce, John Beckett and John Angus MacNab as a splinter group from the British Union of Fascists. The leaders claimed that the League had been formed because BUF leader Oswald Mosley was too much in thrall to continental fascism, although Mosley contended that the three had simply been sacked from their paid posts in the BUF as part of a cost-cutting exercise. Beckett and Joyce attacked Mosley as being more interested in personal glory than fascism, Beckett claiming that he himself and Joyce wanted no cult of personality, but rather were there only as "instruments of a great policy". The formation of the group was announced at 109 Vauxhall Bridge Road in south-west London. Whatever the truth, the NSL began fairly healthily as Joyce secured the financial backing of Alexander Carron Scri ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
