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Ndesserua
Ndesserua or Mangi Ndesserua Mamkinga Kombe (c.1830s–1861), also called Mangi Ndesserua of Machame (''Mangi Ndeserua'' in Chaga languages, Kichagga; ''Mfalme Ndeserua'' in Swahili language, Swahili), was a well-known monarch of the Chaga people, Chaga in the second half of the 19th century. He was the son of Mangi Mamkinga of Machame and a king of the Chaga people, Chagga. ''Mangi'' means king in Kichagga. Rise and reign By 1861, after the death of Mangi Mamkinga, Ndesserua had already taken power in the mitaa east of the Kikafu River, Kikafu. Described by Karl Klaus von der Decken, von der Decken as a formidable young man, Ndesserua ruled in a precarious position, facing internal family rivalries and external threats. His reign, lasting until at least 1871, was characterized by fear and violence as he resorted to extreme measures, including the execution of his own family members, to consolidate power. Notably, Ndesserua's infamous practice of "killing in peacetime" marked a shi ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Mangi Ngamini
Ngamini or Mangi Ngamini Ndesserua Kombe (c.1870–1890s), also called Mangi Ngamini of Machame (''Mangi Ngamini'' in Chaga languages, Kichagga; ''Mfalme Ngamini'' in Swahili language, Swahili), was a well-known monarch of the Chaga people, Chaga in the last half of the 19th century. He was the son of Mangi Ndesserua of Machame and a king of the Chaga people, Chagga. ''Mangi'' means king in Kichagga. Rise to power When Mangi Ngamini ascended to power in the 1870s, he inherited a challenging situation from his father. As the eldest son of Ndesserua's second wife, Kekwe, Ngamini had a legitimate claim to the throne. His half-brother, Makota, the eldest son of Ndesserua's first wife, had been previously disinherited by their father. Kekwe held significant influence, unmatched until Ndesserua's marriage to his youngest wife, Nuya, in his later years. Ngamini's reign lasted approximately ten to fifteen years, concluding by the late 1880s. He is historically noted as a benevolent lead ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Nuya Of Machame
Nuya or Nuya Lema (c.1856-1954), also known as Nuya of Machame (''Nkamangi Nuya'' in Kichagga; ''Malikia Nuya'' in Swahili) served as the wife of Mangi Ndesserua from the late 1860s to 1871. From 1889 to 1890, she was the regent of her son, Mangi Shangali in Machame Kingdom. Nuya is regarded as one of the most powerful women in Chagga history. Nuya was Ndessrua's last and youngest wife. Nuya was noted for her striking appearance and strong character, comparable to that of Nassua, another influential figure in Ndesserua's life. Together, Nuya and Nassua formed a formidable alliance that garnered respect and admiration within Ndesserua's inner circle. As Ndesserua’s health declined, Nuya gained significant influence, ultimately displacing Kekwe, the mother of Ngamini, who had previously held the position of the most powerful wife. During this period, it was Nuya to whom supplicants would turn, seeking her intercession with Ndesserua to avoid his wrath. Nuya's son, Shangali, ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Machame
Machame or Kingdom of Machame (''Isarile ya Mashame'' in Chaga languages, Kichagga; ''Ufalme wa Machame'' in Swahili language, Swahili) was a historic sovereign Chagga states, Chagga state located in modern day Machame Kaskazini ward in Hai District of Kilimanjaro Region in Tanzania. Historically, the Machame kingdom was in 1889 referred by Hans Meyer (geographer), Hans Meyer as a great African giant, the kingdom was also the largest and most populous of all the Chagga sovereign states on Mount Kilimanjaro, Kilimanjaro, whose most powerful ruler ''Mangi'' Rengua as early as 1849 was reckoned as a giant African king with influence extending throughout all Chaga people, Chagga states except Rombo. Overview The Machame Kingdom, located within the Kikafu River basin on the southern slopes of Mount Kilimanjaro, is a historically significant region characterized by its rich cultural heritage and agricultural fertility. This kingdom is distinguished by its unique traditions, customs, ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Shangali
Shangali or Mangi Shangali Ndesserua Kombe (c.1870s–1950s), also called Mangi Shangali of Machame (''Mangi Shangali'' in Kichagga; ''Mfalme Shangali'' in Swahili), was a well-known monarch of the Chaga in the second half of the 19th century. He was the son of Mangi Ndesserua of Machame and a king of the Chagga. ''Mangi'' means king in Kichagga. Rise and reign Shangali was Nuya of Machame's firstborn child. When Shangali's brother Mangi Ngamini went into exile in 1889, his mother and his uncle Nassua became his regents after his half-brother Mangi Ngamini's exile in 1889. Shagali was introduced as the Mangi of Machame in August 1890. Legend has it that Nagamini was never the true Mangi because Ndesserua had willed the kingdom to him when he looked into the baby's face upon seeing signs of his own blood when Shangali was born. This story has been handed down generations. Shangali was recognized as chief in 1890, primarily due to the practical assistance of Mangi Sina as well as ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Mamkinga
Mamkinga or Mangi Mamkinga Rengua Kombe Kiwaria (c.1820s–1861), also known as Mangi Mamkinga of Machame (''Mangi Mamkinga'' in Chaga languages, Kichagga; (''Mfalme Mamkinga'' in Swahili language, Swahili) was a prominent sovereign of the Chagga states in the middle of the 19th century, the son of Mangi Rengua of Machame, and a king of the Chaga people, Chaga. ''Mangi'' means king in Kichagga. Rise to power After Rengua's death in 1842, his son Mamkinga, along with his three brothers (Kishongu, Kileo, and Samanya) engaged in a power struggle that marked the decline of the Machame Kingdom throughout the 19th century. The Kikafu River, Kikafu basin communities, focused on their own issues, had little influence on neighboring chiefdoms. Rengua's authority ended with his passing, leading local leaders, or masumba, to reclaim their independence and reject centralized leadership, resulting in chaos.“Back Matter.” Comparative Studies in Society and History, vol. 6, no. 4, 1964. JSTO ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ngalami
Ngalami or Ngalami Mmari (c. 1865–2 March 1900), also known as Mangi Ngalami of Siha, (''Mangi Ngalami'' in Kichagga), (''Mfalme Ngalami'', in Swahili) of the House of Mmari was one of many kings of the Chagga. He was the king of one of the Chagga states, namely; the Siha Kingdom in what is now modern Siha District of Tanzania's Kilimanjaro Region from the 1880s to 1900. ''Mangi'' means king in Kichagga. Ngalami ruled from the Siha seat of Komboko (Kibong'oto) in the 1880s to 1900 when he was executed in Moshi by the Germans alongside 19 other Chagga, Meru and Arusha leaders. The execution of 19 noblemen and leaders on Friday 2nd of March 1900, included noblemen Thomas Kitimbo Kirenga, Sindato Kiutesha Kiwelu, King Meli of Moshi, King Lolbulu of Meru, King Rawaito of Arusha, King Marai of Arusha, and King Molelia of Kibosho.Ekemode, Gabriel Ogunniyi. “German Rule in North-East Tanzania, 1885–1914." Eprints.soas.ac.uk, 1 Jan. 1973, https://eprints.soas.ac.uk/33905/. ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Mangi Saiye
Saiye or Saiye Mmari (c. 1865 – c. 1880s), also known as Mangi Saiye of Siha), (''Mangi Saiye'' in Kichagga), (''Mfalme Saiye wa Siha'', in Swahili) was the founder of the House of Mmari and was one of the many Chagga sovereigns of Kilimanjaro.From the 1860s through the 1880s, he ruled over one of the Chagga states, specifically the Siha Kingdom in what is now Siha District of Tanzania's Kilimanjaro Region. Unlike his predecessor Mangi Maletua in Old Samake, he was the first ruler to govern the entire kingdom rather than just a portion of it. The word "Mangi" in Kichagga means "king". Rise to power Following the poisoning of Mangi Maletua, power shifted to Saiye of the Mmari clan. Captured in Komboko by the Waarusha during a raid, Saiye was raised among them, acquiring their martial techniques. Upon returning home, he reassured his community about the threat posed by the Waarusha, promising to train and fortify his people. Supported by the elders—who supplied cattle ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Rengua
Rengua or Mangi Rengua Kombe Kiwaria (c.1784–1842), also known as Mangi Rengua of Machame (''Mangi Rengua'' in Kichagga; (''Mfalme Rengua'' in Swahili) was a king of the Chaga in Machame, a major sovereign Chagga states in the early 1800s. ''Mangi'' means king in Kichagga. Rengua's great great grandfather, Ntemi, established the Machame chiefdom, after a split from Sieny settlement, across river Kikafu. It was his eldest son, Kombe, famously known as Kombe Msu (or Kombe I), that later founded the Kombe dynasty, which ruled until the 1960s, including through turbulent political times in the western Chaga history and bitterly competing Chaga states. Rengua, however, was the one that consolidated Machame as one of the most powerful kingdoms in Chaggaland and is considered one of the greatest leaders in Machame history and a major inspirator of later chagga politics that dominated in the mid to later part of the 19th century. He is also known for massacring Kibosho initiates at Kim ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Chaga People
The Chaga or Chagga () are a Bantu ethnic group from Kilimanjaro Region of Tanzania and Arusha Region of Tanzania. They are the third-largest ethnic group in Tanzania. They founded the now former sovereign Chagga states on the slopes of Mount Kilimanjaro which governed both the current Kilimanjaro and Arusha regions (eastern) of Tanzania. The Chagga people are recognized as one of the economically successful groups in Tanzania. Their relative wealth is attributed to the fertile soil of volcanic Mount Kilimanjaro, which supports intensive agricultural activities. The Chagga have developed a strong work ethic and engaged in trade, contributing to their current economic standing in the country. They are known for historically employing various agricultural techniques, including sophisticated irrigation systems and terracing. Furthermore, they have intensive farming methods for centuries, a tradition that dates back to the time of the Bantu expansion within their historical stat ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Tyrant
A tyrant (), in the modern English usage of the word, is an absolute ruler who is unrestrained by law, or one who has usurped a legitimate ruler's sovereignty. Often portrayed as cruel, tyrants may defend their positions by resorting to repressive means. The original Greek term meant an absolute sovereign who came to power without constitutional right, yet the word had a neutral connotation during the Archaic and early Classical periods. However, Greek philosopher Plato saw ''tyrannos'' as a negative form of government, and on account of the decisive influence of philosophy on politics, deemed tyranny the "fourth and worst disorder of a state."Plato, ''The Republic'' Book VIII The philosophers Plato and Aristotle defined a tyrant as a person who rules without law, using extreme and cruel methods against both his own people and others. The ''Encyclopédie'' defined the term as a usurper of sovereign power who makes "his subjects the victims of his passions and unjust ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Tanzanian Royalty
Demographic features of the population of Tanzania include population density, ethnicity, education level, health of the populace, economic status, religious affiliations, and other aspects of the population. The population distribution in Tanzania is extremely uneven. Most people live on the northern border or the eastern coast, with much of the remainder of the country being sparsely populated."Economy", authored by Joseph Lake, in ''Africa South of the Sahara'', edited by Europa Publications and Iain Frame, Routledge, 2013 Density varies from in the Katavi Region to in Dar es Salaam. Approximately 70 percent of the population is rural, although this percentage has been declining since at least 1967. Dar es Salaam is the ''de facto'' capital and largest city. Dodoma, located in the centre of Tanzania, is the ''de jure'' capital, although action to move government buildings to Dodoma has stalled. The population consists of about 125 ethnic groups. The Sukuma, Nyamwezi, ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Year Of Birth Uncertain
A year is a unit of time based on how long it takes the Earth to orbit the Sun. In scientific use, the tropical year (approximately 365 solar days, 5 hours, 48 minutes, 45 seconds) and the sidereal year (about 20 minutes longer) are more exact. The modern calendar year, as reckoned according to the Gregorian calendar, approximates the tropical year by using a system of leap years. The term 'year' is also used to indicate other periods of roughly similar duration, such as the lunar year (a roughly 354-day cycle of twelve of the Moon's phasessee lunar calendar), as well as periods loosely associated with the calendar or astronomical year, such as the seasonal year, the fiscal year, the academic year, etc. Due to the Earth's axial tilt, the course of a year sees the passing of the seasons, marked by changes in weather, the hours of daylight, and, consequently, vegetation and soil fertility. In temperate and subpolar regions around the planet, four seasons are g ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
