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Naval Crown
The Naval Crown () was a gold crown surmounted with small replicas of the prows of ships. It was a Roman military award, given to the first man who boarded an enemy ship during a naval engagement. In heraldry a naval crown is mounted atop the shields of coats of arms of the naval vessels and other units belonging to some navies. It is made up of a circlet with the sails and sterns of ships alternating on top. Gallery File:Naval Crown.png, Example of a Naval Crown File:Agrippa wearing Naval Crown.jpg, Agrippa wearing the Naval crown, commemorating his role in the Battle of Actium. File:Coat of arms of the Brazilian Navy.svg, A naval crown in the coat of arms of the Brazilian Navy File:Coat of arms of the British Indian Ocean Territory.svg, A naval crown in the coat of arms of the British Indian Ocean Territory File:Coat of arms of the Chilean Navy.svg, A naval crown in the coat of arms of the Chilean Navy File:Brasao CCF.jpg, A naval crown in the coat of arms of the Portu ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Crown (headgear)
A crown is a traditional form of head adornment, or hat, worn by monarchs as a symbol of their power and dignity. A crown is often, by extension, a symbol of the monarch's government or items endorsed by it. The word itself is used, particularly in Commonwealth countries, as an abstract name for the monarchy itself (and, by extension, the state of which said monarch is head) as distinct from the individual who inhabits it (that is, ''The Crown''). A specific type of crown (or coronet for lower ranks of peerage) is employed in heraldry under strict rules. Indeed, some monarchies never had a physical crown, just a heraldic representation, as in the constitutional kingdom of Belgium. Variations * Costume headgear imitating a monarch's crown is also called a crown hat. Such costume crowns may be worn by actors portraying a monarch, people at costume parties, or ritual "monarchs" such as the king of a Carnival krewe, or the person who found the trinket in a king cake. * The ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Burgas
Burgas (, ), sometimes transliterated as Bourgas, is the second largest city on the Bulgarian Black Sea Coast in the region of Northern Thrace and the List of cities and towns in Bulgaria, fourth-largest city in Bulgaria after Sofia, Plovdiv, and Varna, Bulgaria, Varna, with a population of 280 000 inhabitants, while 310 000 live in its urban area. It is the capital of Burgas Province and an important industrial, transport, cultural and tourist centre. The city is surrounded by the Burgas Lakes and located at the westernmost point of the Black Sea, at the large Burgas Bay. LUKOIL Neftochim Burgas is the largest oil refinery in southeastern Europe and the largest industrial enterprise. The Port of Burgas is the second largest port in Bulgaria, and Burgas Airport is the second most important in the country. Burgas is the centre of the Bulgarian fishing and fish processing industry.Norman Polmar: ''The Naval Institute guide to the Soviet Navy'', 5. Ausgabe, United States Naval Insti ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Military Awards And Decorations Of Ancient Rome
As with most other military forces the Roman military adopted an extensive list of decorations for military gallantry and likewise a range of punishments for military transgressions. Decorations, awards and victory titles Crowns *Grass crown – (Latin: ''corona obsidionalis'' or ''corona graminea''), was the highest and rarest of all military decorations. It was presented only to a general, commander, or officer whose actions saved the legion or the entire army. *Civic crown – (Latin: ''corona civica''), was a chaplet of common oak leaves woven to form a crown. During the Roman Republic, and the subsequent Principate, it was regarded as the second highest military decoration a citizen could aspire to (the Grass Crown being held in higher regard) and was rewarded for saving the lives of fellow Roman citizens (cives) or for standing one's ground in war. Since Augustus, only the princeps was eligible for this decoration. It may have been identical to the Crown of the Preserver m ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Laurel Wreath
A laurel wreath is a symbol of triumph, a wreath (attire), wreath made of connected branches and leaves of the bay laurel (), an aromatic broadleaf evergreen. It was also later made from spineless butcher's broom (''Ruscus hypoglossum'') or cherry laurel (''Prunus laurocerasus''). It is worn as a Chaplet (headgear), chaplet around the head, or as a garland around the neck. Wreaths and crowns in antiquity, including the laurel wreath, trace back to Ancient Greek culture, Ancient Greece. In Greek mythology, the god Apollo, who is patron of lyrical poetry, musical performance and skill-based athletics, is conventionally depicted wearing a laurel wreath on his head in all three roles. Wreaths were awarded to victors in athletic competitions, including the ancient Ancient Olympic Games, Olympics; for victors in athletics they were made of wild olive tree known as ''"kotinos"'' (), (sc. at Olympia, Greece, Olympia) – and the same for winners of musical and poetic competitions. In a ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Naval Heraldry
Naval heraldry is a form of identification used by naval vessels from the end of the 19th century onwards, after distinguishing features such as figureheads and gilding were discouraged or banned by several navies. Naval heraldry commonly takes the form of a badge, seal, crest, or coat of arms designed specifically for a ship (or a series of ships bearing the same name), which in Commonwealth navies takes the form of a large plaque, referred to as the ship's badge, mounted on the superstructure of the ship, and in the United States Navy is known as the ship's seal or ship's crest, and is primarily found on crew uniform patches. An item of naval heraldry is seen as the identifying logo of the vessel, and is commonly reproduced on hats, stationery, trophies, souvenirs, and gifts related to the ship. In many navies, the ship's badge is also displayed on the tampions – the covers for the gun muzzles. The naval heraldric tradition follows the heraldic traditions of the country, wit ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Mural Crown
A mural crown () is a Crown (headgear), crown or headpiece representing city walls, fortified tower, towers, or fortresses. In classical antiquity, it was an emblem of tutelary deities who watched over a city, and among the ancient Rome, Romans a military decoration. Later the mural crown developed into a symbol of European heraldry, mostly for cities and towns, and in the 19th and 20th centuries was used in some republican heraldry. Usage in ancient times Early appearances of the mural crown occur in the Achaemenid Empire, where they resemble crenelations on Mesopotamian and Persian buildings. In Hellenistic period, Hellenistic culture, a mural crown identified Tutelary deity, tutelary deities such as the goddess Tyche (the embodiment of the fortunes of a city, familiar to Romans as Fortuna), and Hestia (the embodiment of the protection of a city, familiar to Romans as Vesta (mythology), Vesta). The high cylindrical ''polos'' of Rhea (mythology), Rhea/Cybele too could be r ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Grass Crown
The Grass Crown () or Blockade Crown (''corona obsidionalis'') was the highest and rarest of all military decorations in the Roman Republic and early Roman Empire. It was presented only to a general, commander, or officer whose actions saved a legion or the entire army. One example of actions leading to awarding of a grass crown would be a general who broke the blockade around a beleaguered Roman army. The crown took the form of a chaplet made from plant materials taken from the battlefield, including grasses, flowers, and various cereals such as wheat; it was presented to the general by the army he had saved. History Pliny wrote about the grass crown at some length in his ''Natural History'' (''Naturalis Historia''): Pliny also lists the persons who by their deeds won the grass crown: * Lucius Siccius Dentatus * Publius Decius Mus (received two grass crowns—one from his own army, and another from the surrounded troops he had rescued) * Quintus Fabius Maximus Ve ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Civic Crown
The Civic Crown () was a military decoration during the Roman Republic and the subsequent Roman Empire, given to Romans who saved the lives of fellow citizens. It was regarded as the second highest decoration to which a citizen could aspire (the Grass Crown being held in higher regard). It took the form of a chaplet of common oak leaves woven to form a crown. It was reserved for Roman citizens who saved the lives of fellow citizens by slaying an enemy on a spot held by the enemy that same day. The citizen saved must admit it; no one else could be a witness. History After Sulla's constitutional reforms, any recipient of the Civic Crown was entitled entry into the Roman Senate. Furthermore, the recipient was required by law to wear his crown at every public gathering, and was applauded even by men much senior to himself. It later became a prerogative for Roman emperors to be awarded the Civic Crown (originating with Augustus, who was awarded it for saving the lives of citizens ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Celestial Crown
The celestial crown is a modified version of the Eastern crown. The celestial crown is a representative badge or headdress consisting of a gold fence usually adorned with pointed points or rays topped with stars of the same metal. It usually has eight points, five in the representations that are not in relief, although the number of these is variable. The celestial crown appears in some Catholic representations of the Virgin Mary and is also used in heraldry. The celestial crown has longer spikes than the Eastern crown. Gallery File:Coa catholic diocese of Palm beach.svg, Arms of the Roman Catholic Diocese of Palm Beach File:St-Stephen's Hall Oxford Coat Of Arms.svg, Former arms of St Stephen's House (University of Oxford) File:Campion Hall Oxford Coat Of Arms.svg, Arms of Campion Hall (University of Oxford) File:Lucia (31528327081).jpg, Saint Lucy's Day See also *Crown (heraldry) *Heraldry *Circlet *Golden hat * Crown of Immortality *Circle of stars *Astral crown The ast ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Camp Crown
In Ancient Rome, a camp crown (, "crown of the castrum"), also known as a vallary crown, was a military award given to the first man who penetrated into an enemy camp or field during combat. It took the form of a gold crown surmounted with replicas of the stakes of a palisade (a high fence consisting of pointed stakes). In the heraldry of a few units in modern armies, a camp crown is mounted as a crest on top of the shield of the coat of arms or emblem. The Palisado crown, a variant used in English heraldry, is defined by palisades affixed to the outside of the rim. Gallery File:Camp Crown.svg, Example of a Camp crown File:Palisado crowns.png, Example of Palisado crowns (English Heraldry) File:Spanish Army History and Aesthetics of Military Music Course and Graduates Emblem.svg, Emblem of the Course in the History and Aesthetics of Military Music of the Spanish Army See also *Celestial crown *Civic Crown *Grass crown *Mural crown *Naval crown *Heraldry *Laurel wreath Refere ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Astral Crown
The astral crown is a gold crown surmounted with eight low points. The centrals and laterals points are topped with a star, with an unspecified number of points, between two wings. In heraldry, an astral crown is mounted atop the shields of coats of arms of units belonging to some air forces or the personal arms of its distinguished commanders. Its creation became necessary after the founding of the Royal Air Force in the UK, because there was no Roman military award device for aerial warfare equivalent to the naval crown for navies and the camp crown for armies. Some air forces in other countries have adopted variants of the astral crown. Gallery File:Coat of arms of the Chilean Air Force.svg, An astral crown in the coat of arms of the Chilean Air Force File:207sqnatc.jpg, Astral crown in the crest of No. 207 (Cranfield) Squadron Air Training Corps File:Brasao ba1.png, The Portuguese Air Force variant of the astral crown in the coat of arms of the Sintra Air Base File:Arm ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Italian Navy
The Italian Navy (; abbreviated as MM) is one of the four branches of Italian Armed Forces and was formed in 1946 from what remained of the ''Regia Marina'' (Royal Navy) after World War II. , the Italian Navy had a strength of 30,923 active personnel, with approximately 184 vessels in service, including minor auxiliary vessels. It is considered a multiregional and a blue-water navy. History Before and during World War II The ''Regia Marina'' was formed on 17 March 1861, after the proclamation of the Kingdom of Italy. The Italian Navy assumed its present name after the Italian monarchy was abolished following a popular referendum held on 2 June 1946. After World War II At the end of its five years involvement in World War II, Italy was a devastated nation. After the end of hostilities, the ''Regia Marina'' – which at the beginning of the war was the fourth largest navy in the world, with a mix of modernised and new battleships – started a long and complex rebuilding proce ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
