Nauru Agreement

	Nauru Agreement The Nauru Agreement Concerning Cooperation in the Management of Fisheries of Common Interest, or The Nauru Agreement is an Oceania subregional agreement between the Federated States of Micronesia, Kiribati, the Marshall Islands, Nauru, Palau, Papua New Guinea, Solomon Islands and Tuvalu. The eight signatories collectively control 25–30% of the world's tuna supply and approximately 60% of the western and central Pacific tuna supply. Historically, the Nauru Agreement and other joint fishery management Arrangements made by the Parties to the Nauru Agreement (usually referred to as ''PNA'') have been concerned mainly with the management of tuna purse-seine fishing in the tropical western Pacific. Institutional arrangements From its initial enactment in 1982, the implementation of the Nauru Agreement was coordinated by the Pacific Islands Forum Fisheries Agency (FFA). However a separate PNA Office was created in 2010, based in Majuro, Marshall Islands. The current (2021) PNA chie ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu]
	Federated States Of Micronesia The Federated States of Micronesia (, abbreviated FSM), or simply Micronesia, is an island country in Micronesia, a region of Oceania. The federation encompasses the majority of the Caroline Islands (excluding Palau) and consists of four Administrative divisions of the Federated States of Micronesia#States, states—from west to east: Yap State, Yap, Chuuk State, Chuuk, Pohnpei State, Pohnpei, and Kosrae—that span the western Pacific just north of the equator for a Longitude, longitudinal distance of almost . Together, the states comprise around 607 islands and a combined land area of approximately . The entire island nation lies across the northern Pacific accordingly: northeast of Indonesia and Papua New Guinea, south of Guam and the Marianas, west of Nauru and the Marshall Islands, east of Palau and the Philippines, about north of eastern Australia, southeast of Japan, and some southwest of Honolulu of the Hawaiian Islands. The country's total land area is relatively ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu]
	The Pew Charitable Trusts The Pew Charitable Trusts is an independent non-profit, non-governmental organization (NGO), founded in 1948. Pew's stated mission is to serve the public interest by "improving public policy, informing the public, and invigorating civic life". Pew operates projects and conducts research across five main areas: communities, conservation, finance and economy, governing, and health. In addition, the Pew Research Center is a nonpartisan public polling and think tank that operates as a subsidiary of The Pew Charitable Trusts. History 20th century Pew was established by the merging of several charitable trusts that had been established between 1948 and 1979. The original trusts were created by J. Howard Pew, Mary Ethel Pew, Joseph N. Pew Jr., and Mabel Pew Myrin, the adult sons and daughters of Sun Oil Company founder Joseph N. Pew and his wife, Mary Anderson Pew. Honoring their parents' religious conviction that good works should be done quietly, the original Pew Memorial Foundat ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu]
picture info	Treaties Concluded In 1982 A treaty is a formal, legally binding written agreement between sovereign states and/or international organizations that is governed by international law. A treaty may also be known as an international agreement, protocol, covenant, convention, pact, or exchange of letters, among other terms; however, only documents that are legally binding on the parties are considered treaties under international law. Treaties may be bilateral (between two countries) or multilateral (involving more than two countries). Treaties are among the earliest manifestations of international relations; the first known example is a border agreement between the Sumerian city-states of Lagash and Umma around 3100 BC. International agreements were used in some form by most major civilizations and became increasingly common and more sophisticated during the early modern era. The early 19th century saw developments in diplomacy, foreign policy, and international law reflected by the widespread use of treat ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu]
	1982 In The Environment This is a list of notable events relating to the environment in 1982. They relate to environmental law, conservation, environmentalism and environmental issues. Events April The Convention for the Conservation of Antarctic Marine Living Resources entered into force. June The Convention on the Conservation of European Wildlife and Natural Habitats, also known as the Bern Convention, came into force. November The Agreed Measures for the Conservation of Antarctic Fauna and Flora came into effect. It expired in 2011. See also Human impact on the environment List of environmental issues Environmental issues are harmful aspects of human activity on the biophysical environment. This alphabetical list is loosely divided into causes, effects and mitigation, noting that effects are interconnected and can cause new effects. Issues ... References {{Reflist ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu]
	Niue Treaty The Niue Treaty on Cooperation in Fisheries Surveillance and Law Enforcement in the South Pacific Region or Niue Treaty is a multilateral treaty of members of the Pacific Islands Forum Fisheries Agency ''to enhance their ability to enforce effectively their fisheries laws, and deter breaches''. Under Article XIII a State which is not a Party to the Forum Fisheries Agency Convention may also accede to the Treaty, if all Parties agree. Niue Treaty Multilateral Subsidiary Agreement Bilateral Subsidiary Agreements have been made in the past between individual Niue Treaty signatories in order to give effect to certain Treaty provisions. However, a comprehensive Multilateral Subsidiary Agreement (NTMSA) for strengthening implementation of the Niue Treaty was agreed and finalised for signature in Honiara on 2 November 2012. The first country to sign the NTMSA was the Republic of Palau on 9 November 2012. The Multilateral Subsidiary Agreement needs 4 instruments of ratifications, accept ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu]
	Environmental Justice Foundation The Environmental Justice Foundation (EJF) is a non-governmental organisation (NGO) founded in 2001 by Steve Trent and Juliette Williams that promotes the non-violent resolution of human rights abuses and related environmental issues in the Global South. It describes itself as "a UK-based non-profit organisation working internationally to protect the environment and human rights."EJF Website: About Us EJF's core tenet, as set out in its Mission Statement asserts that the injustices suffered by people living in poor and disenfranchised communities are often closely related to the [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu]
	SeaWeb SeaWeb is a nonprofit ocean conservation organization. Its mission is to raise public awareness, to advance science-based solutions, and mobilize decision-makers around ocean conservation.Overview 'SeaWeb''. Retrieved 16 September 2009. SeaWeb was founded in 1996 by the Environment Group of the Pew Charitable Trust as an initiative to promote ocean conservation issues for Americans. In 1999, SeaWeb became an independent 501(c)(3) A 501(c)(3) organization is a United States corporation, Trust (business), trust, unincorporated association or other type of organization exempt from federal income tax under section ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu]
	Islands Business ''Islands Business'' is a "multimedia publishing company" established in the 1970s in Suva, Fiji. ABC Radio describes it as an "influential regional publication". With correspondents throughout Oceania, it describes itself as the "premier publishing group in the Pacific Islands region", with fourteen outlets in digital and video media as well as printed magazines. The latter include current affairs and business magazines, in-flight magazines for three of the region's airlines, including Cathay Pacific Cathay Pacific Airways Limited, or simply Cathay Pacific, is the flag carrier of Hong Kong, with its head office and main airline hub, hub located at Hong Kong International Airport. The airline's operations and its subsidiaries have schedule ..., and four special-interest industry publications. These are "distributed throughout the Pacific islands as also in Australia, New Zealand, US, UK, Southeast Asia and Japan". [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu]
picture info	Seine Fishing Seine fishing (or seine-haul fishing; ) is a method of fishing that employs a surrounding net, called a seine, that hangs vertically in the water with its bottom edge held down by weights and its top edge buoyed by floats. Seine nets can be deployed from the shore as a beach seine, or from a boat. Boats deploying seine nets are known as Fishing vessel#Seiners, seiners. Two main types of seine net are deployed from seiners: ''purse seines'' and ''Danish seines''. A seine differs from a Gillnetting, gillnet, in that a seine encloses fish, where a gillnet directly snares fish. Etymology The word ''seine'' has its origins in the Old English ''segne'', which entered the language via Latin ''sagena'', from the original Greek σαγήνη ''sagēnē'' (a drag-net). History Seines have been used widely in the past, including by Stone Age societies. For example, the Māori people, Māori used large canoes to deploy seine nets which could be over a kilometer long. The nets were woven fr ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu]
picture info	Fish Aggregation Device A fish aggregating (or aggregation) device (FAD) is a man-made object used to attract pelagic fish such as marlin, tuna and mahi-mahi (dolphin fish). They usually consist of buoys or floats tethered to the ocean floor. Various types of FADs have been employed in the traditional fishing cultures of Island Southeast Asia (especially in the Philippines), Japan, and Malta for centuries. Modern FADs are increasingly being used in modern commercial and sport fishing. Fish behaviour Fish are fascinated with floating objects, which they use to mark locations for mating activities. They aggregate around objects such as drifting flotsam, rafts, jellyfish and floating seaweed. The objects appear to provide a "visual stimulus in an optical void", and offer refuge for juvenile fish from predators. The juvenile fish, in turn attract predators. A study using sonar in French Polynesia, found large shoals of juvenile bigeye tuna and yellowfin tuna aggregated closest to the devices, at distanc ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu]
	Marine Stewardship Council The Marine Stewardship Council (MSC) is a non-profit organisation which aims to set standards for sustainable fishing. Fisheries that wish to demonstrate they are well-managed and sustainable compared to the MSC's standards are assessed by a team of Conformity Assessment Bodies (CABs). The mission of the MSC is to use its ecolabel, for which the MSC receives royalties for licensing it to products, and fishery certification program to recognise and reward sustainable fishing practices. The MSC has faced criticism in the past, mainly centering on its close ties to the fishing industry and conflict of interest stemming from royalties received by the industry for its certification label. Environmental benefits A study commissioned and funded by MSC found that MSC-certified fisheries show improvements that deliver benefits to the marine environment. Benefits included: increased stocks; improved management of stocks; reduced bycatch; expansion of environmentally protected areas; a ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu]
picture info	Radio New Zealand International RNZ Pacific or Radio New Zealand Pacific, sometimes abbreviated to RNZP, is a division of Radio New Zealand and the official international broadcasting station of New Zealand. It broadcasts a variety of news, current affairs and sports programmes in English, and news in seven Pacific languages. The station's mission statement requires it to promote and reflect New Zealand in the Pacific, and better relations between New Zealand and Pacific countries. It was called Radio New Zealand International or RNZ International (RNZI) until May 2017. As the only shortwave radio station in New Zealand, RNZ Pacific broadcasts to several island nations. It has studios in Radio New Zealand House, Wellington and a transmitter at Rangitaiki in the middle of the North Island. Its broadcasts cover from East Timor in the west across to French Polynesia in the east, covering all South Pacific countries in between. The station targets Micronesia, Papua New Guinea, Fiji, Samoa, the Cook Islands, Solomo ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu]