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Natural Ordering
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Natural order could refer to: Science * Natural order (philosophy), concept in philosophy * Natural order hypothesis, hypotheses of second-language acquisition * ''Ordo naturalis'', Latin for "natural order" once used to describe plant families * In enumeration, a natural ordering in which a set of items might be enumerated * The natural order defined for the monus operation, on monoids and semirings Music * ''Natural Order'' (album), 1990 album by Hellbastard Card games * Natural order (cards) refers to the standard ranking of cards within a suit e.g. from Ace (high) to Deuce (low) or Deuce (high) to Seven (low). See also * Natural sort order In computing, natural sort order (or natural sorting) is the ordering of strings in alphabetical order, except that multi-digit numbers are treated atomically, i.e., as if they were a single character. Natural sort order has been promoted as being ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Natural Order (philosophy)
In philosophy Philosophy (from , ) is the systematized study of general and fundamental questions, such as those about existence, reason, knowledge, values, mind, and language. Such questions are often posed as problems to be studied or resolved. Some ..., the natural order is the morality, moral source from which natural law seeks to derive its authority. Natural order encompasses the natural relations of beings to one another in the absence of law, which natural law attempts to reinforce. In contrast, divine law seeks authority from God, and Jurisprudence, positive law seeks authority from government. The term is used by Hans-Hermann Hoppe in his book, ''Democracy: The God That Failed, Democracy: The God That Failed: The Economics and Politics of Monarchy, Democracy, and Natural Order'', to defend anarcho-capitalism. The term is used by Friedrich Hayek in his writings. The Physiocracy, Physiocrats, a group of 18th century Age of Enlightenment, Enlightenment Fre ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Natural Order Hypothesis
The input hypothesis, also known as the monitor model, is a group of five hypotheses of second-language acquisition developed by the linguist Stephen Krashen in the 1970s and 1980s. Krashen originally formulated the input hypothesis as just one of the five hypotheses, but over time the term has come to refer to the five hypotheses as a group. The hypotheses are the input hypothesis, the acquisition–learning hypothesis, the monitor hypothesis, the natural order hypothesis and the affective filter hypothesis. The input hypothesis was first published in 1977. The hypotheses put primary importance on the comprehensible input (CI) that language learners are exposed to. Understanding spoken and written language input is seen as the only mechanism that results in the increase of underlying linguistic competence, and language output is not seen as having any effect on learners' ability. Furthermore, Krashen claimed that linguistic competence is only advanced when language is subconsci ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ordo Naturalis
In botany, the phrase ''ordo naturalis'', 'natural order', was once used for what today is a family. Its origins lie with Carl Linnaeus who used the phrase when he referred to natural groups of plants in his lesser-known work, particularly '' Philosophia Botanica''. In his more famous works the ''Systema Naturae'' and the ''Species Plantarum'', plants were arranged according to his artificial "Sexual system", and Linnaeus used the word for an artificial unit. In those works, only genera and species (sometimes varieties) were "real" taxa. In nineteenth-century works such as the '' Prodromus'' of and the '' Genera Plantarum'' of Bentham & Hooker, the word did indicate taxa that are now given the rank of family. Contemporary French works used the word for these same taxa. In the first international ''Rules'' of botanical nomenclature of 1906 the word ''family'' () was assigned to this rank, while the term ''order'' () was reserved for a higher rank, for what in the nineteenth cen ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Enumeration
An enumeration is a complete, ordered listing of all the items in a collection. The term is commonly used in mathematics and computer science to refer to a listing of all of the elements of a set. The precise requirements for an enumeration (for example, whether the set must be finite, or whether the list is allowed to contain repetitions) depend on the discipline of study and the context of a given problem. Some sets can be enumerated by means of a natural ordering (such as 1, 2, 3, 4, ... for the set of positive integers), but in other cases it may be necessary to impose a (perhaps arbitrary) ordering. In some contexts, such as enumerative combinatorics, the term ''enumeration'' is used more in the sense of ''counting'' – with emphasis on determination of the number of elements that a set contains, rather than the production of an explicit listing of those elements. Combinatorics In combinatorics, enumeration means counting, i.e., determining the exact number of elem ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Monus
In mathematics, monus is an operator on certain commutative monoids that are not groups. A commutative monoid on which a monus operator is defined is called a commutative monoid with monus, or CMM. The monus operator may be denoted with the − symbol because the natural numbers are a CMM under subtraction; it is also denoted with the \mathop symbol to distinguish it from the standard subtraction operator. Notation Definition Let (M, +, 0) be a commutative monoid. Define a binary relation \leq on this monoid as follows: for any two elements a and b, define a \leq b if there exists an element c such that a + c = b. It is easy to check that \leq is reflexive and that it is transitive. M is called ''naturally ordered'' if the \leq relation is additionally antisymmetric and hence a partial order. Further, if for each pair of elements a and b, a unique smallest element c exists such that a \leq b + c, then is called a ''commutative monoid with monus'' and the ''monus' ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Monoids
In abstract algebra, a branch of mathematics, a monoid is a set equipped with an associative binary operation and an identity element. For example, the nonnegative integers with addition form a monoid, the identity element being 0. Monoids are semigroups with identity. Such algebraic structures occur in several branches of mathematics. The functions from a set into itself form a monoid with respect to function composition. More generally, in category theory, the morphisms of an object to itself form a monoid, and, conversely, a monoid may be viewed as a category with a single object. In computer science and computer programming, the set of strings built from a given set of characters is a free monoid. Transition monoids and syntactic monoids are used in describing finite-state machines. Trace monoids and history monoids provide a foundation for process calculi and concurrent computing. In theoretical computer science, the study of monoids is fundamental for automata th ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Semirings
In abstract algebra, a semiring is an algebraic structure similar to a ring, but without the requirement that each element must have an additive inverse. The term rig is also used occasionally—this originated as a joke, suggesting that rigs are ri''n''gs without ''n''egative elements, similar to using '' rng'' to mean a r''i''ng without a multiplicative ''i''dentity. Tropical semirings are an active area of research, linking algebraic varieties with piecewise linear structures. Definition A semiring is a set R equipped with two binary operations \,+\, and \,\cdot,\, called addition and multiplication, such that:Lothaire (2005) p.211Sakarovitch (2009) pp.27–28 * (R, +) is a commutative monoid with identity element 0: ** (a + b) + c = a + (b + c) ** 0 + a = a = a + 0 ** a + b = b + a * (R, \,\cdot\,) is a monoid with identity element 1: ** (a \cdot b) \cdot c = a \cdot (b \cdot c) ** 1 \cdot a = a = a \cdot 1 * Multiplication left and right distributes over addition: ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Natural Order (album)
Hellbastard is an English crust punk/thrash metal band formed in 1984 in Newcastle. Early history Members "Scruff" Lewty, Phil Laidlaw and Ian "Scotty" Scott formed Hellbastard, which was to be a combination of Crass-like politics and the music of Slayer. In 1990, after several EPs, full-lengths and line-up changes, the group appeared on the Combat-Earache compilation album, ''Grindcrusher'', with the song "Justly Executed", from the Earache Records ''Natural Order'' LP. They are considered to be a hugely influential band in the crust punk genre. The genre allegedly adopted its name from the band's first demo, ''Ripper Crust''. They are also considered to be a part of the crossover thrash scene. After leaving Hellbastard, Scotty later went on to form Hellkrusher. At one time vocalist/guitarist "Scruff lewty" and ex-guitarist "Nick" (Nick Parsons) played for their friends' band "Energetic Krusher". Hellbastard also passed on a deal with Vinyl Solution Records in 1989 in favour ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Natural Order (cards)
The following is a glossary of terms used in card games. Besides the terms listed here, there are thousands of common and uncommon slang terms. Terms in this glossary should not be game-specific (e.g. specific to Bridge, Hearts, Poker or Rummy), but apply to a wide range of card games. For glossaries that relate primarily to one game or family of similar games, see Game-specific glossaries. A ; Ace # The card with one pip in a pack of cards. Usually the highest card of a suit, ranking immediately above the King. May also occupy the lowest rank. # Commonly refers to the Deuce or Two in German-suited packs which don't have real Aces. Often the highest card of a suit. ; Acorns : One of the four suits in a German-suited pack of cards. Symbol: ; active # A card that is in play i.e. not sleeping. # See active player. ; active player # A player who receives cards in the current deal (i.e. is not sitting out because there are more players than the game is desig ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
