|
Nationalist Popular Front
The Nationalist Popular Front () was a government coalition in Bolivia which came to power after the 1971 Bolivian coup d'état, August 1971 coup, active during the military regime of Colonel Hugo Banzer until 1974 - when it was dissolved by military decision. The coalition consisted of: *Bolivian Armed Forces led by President Hugo Banzer; *Revolutionary Nationalist Movement (MNR) led by Víctor Paz Estenssoro; *Bolivian Socialist Falange (FSB) led by Mario Gutiérrez (politician), Mario Gutiérrez. History With the instability of the Torres regime, two parties previously considered enemies, the MNR and FSB would come together in alliance with conservative elements of the Armed Forces to overthrow Juan José Torres and recover their political prestige.Maria Luise Wagner. "The Banzer regime". In Hudson & Hanratty. With the triumph of the 1971 coup, Colonel Banzer signed an agreement with the MNR and FSB parties, creating the Nationalist Popular Front - a governmental civic-military a ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
1971 Bolivian Coup D'état
The 1971 Bolivian coup d'état was led by military officer Hugo Banzer on August 18, 1971, against the government of dictator Juan José Torres. Political background Following the uprising of October 7, 1970, General Juan José Torres came to power. Torres would form a left-wing nationalist government, with an "anti-imperialist" stance. Torres would try to form a co-government with the Popular Assembly, a workers' organization, the same sector that helped him come to power. On January 10, 1971, there was an attempted coup against the Torres regime, led by Colonel Hugo Banzer, who was later exiled to Argentina. The coup According to the Barcelona Centre for International Affairs, Barcelona Center for International Affairs (CIDOB), on August 18, 1971, Hugo Banzer entered Bolivia clandestinely, being arrested in Santa Cruz de la Sierra, Santa Cruz and later flown to the Carabineros barracks in La Paz. The next day, August 19, a rebellion broke out in Santa Cruz led by the Nationa ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Bolivian Armed Forces
The Bolivian Armed Forces (Spanish: ''Fuerzas Armadas de Bolivia'') are the military of Bolivia. The Armed Forces of Bolivia are responsible for the defence, both of external and internal, of Bolivia and they are constituted by Bolivian Army, the Bolivian Air Force and the Bolivian Navy. All these institutions depend on the Ministry of Defence of this country. In addition to the Bolivian Army, the Bolivian Air Force and the Bolivian Navy, the Bolivian National Police, although dependent on the Ministry of Government in times of peace, is part of the reserves of the Armed Forces according to the Organic Law of the Armed Forces of this nation, together with other reserve bodies such as the SAR-FAB emergency and rescue units. Figures on the size and composition of the armed forces of Bolivia vary considerably, with rare official data available. It is estimated, however, that the three main forces (army, navy and air force) add up to a total of between 40,000 to 70,000 troops, whil ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Hugo Banzer
Hugo Banzer Suárez (; 10 May 1926 – 5 May 2002) was a Bolivian politician and military officer who served as the 51st president of Bolivia. He held the Bolivian presidency twice: from 1971 to 1978 as a military dictator; and then again from 1997 to 2001, as a democratically elected president. Banzer rose to power via a coup d'état against socialist president Juan José Torres and repressed labor leaders, clergymen, indigenous people, and students during his 1971–1978 dictatorship. Several thousand Bolivians were either forced to seek asylum in foreign countries, arrested, tortured, or killed during this period, known as the ''Banzerato''. After Banzer's removal via a coup led by Juan Pereda, he remained an influential figure in Bolivian politics and would run for election to the presidency via the ballot box on several occasions, eventually succeeding in 1997 via a narrow plurality of 22.26% of the popular vote. During Banzer's constitutional term, he extended pr ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Revolutionary Nationalist Movement
The Revolutionary Nationalist Movement ( , MNR) is a centre-right, conservative political party in Bolivia. It was the leading force behind the Bolivian National Revolution from 1952 to 1964. It influenced much of the country's history since 1941. Origins The Revolutionary Nationalist Movement was begun in 1941 by future presidents Víctor Paz Estenssoro and Hernán Siles Zuazo. It soon attracted some of the brightest members of the Bolivian intelligentsia. Among the party's most prominent supporters were Humberto Guzmán Fricke, Juan Lechín, Carlos Montenegro, Walter Guevara Arze, Javier del Granado, Augusto Céspedes, Lydia Gueiler, Guillermo Bedregal, and Gonzalo Sánchez de Lozada, a number of whom later became presidents of Bolivia. At the time of its establishment it was a leftist/reformist party, along the lines of Populism in Latin America#History, similar Latin American parties such as the Brazilian Labour Party (historical), Brazilian Labour Party, the Sociali ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Víctor Paz Estenssoro
Ángel Víctor Paz Estenssoro (2 October 1907 – 7 June 2001) was a Bolivian politician who served as the 45th president of Bolivia for three nonconsecutive and four total terms from 1952 to 1956, 1960 to 1964 and 1985 to 1989. He ran for president eight times (1947, 1951, 1960, 1964, 1978, 1979, 1980 and 1985) and was victorious in 1951, 1960, 1964 and 1985. His 1951 victory was annulled by a military junta led by Hugo Ballivián, and his 1964 victory was interrupted by the 1964 Bolivian coup d'état. Founding of the MNR and early political years (1941–1952) In 1941 Víctor Paz Estenssoro co-founded (along with Hernán Siles and others) the Movimiento Nacionalista Revolucionario ( Revolutionary Nationalist Movement, MNR), originally a reformist revolutionary movement and later a centrist party. Paz became an influential member in the cabinet of Colonel Gualberto Villarroel (1943–1946), but was forced out of that government as a result of pressure emanating from Was ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Bolivian Socialist Falange
The Bolivian Socialist Falange () is a Bolivian political party established in 1937. It is a far-rightJohn, S (2006) ''Permanent Revolution on the Altiplano: Bolivian Trotskyism, 1928-2005'', p. 445 party drawing inspiration from fascism. It was the country's second-largest party between approximately 1954 and 1974. After that, its followers have tended to gravitate toward the government-endorsed military candidacy of General Juan Pereda (1978) and, especially, toward the ADN party of former dictator Hugo Banzer. Foundation and early development Founded in Chile by a group of exiles (chief among whom was Óscar Únzaga de la Vega), the FSB initially drew its inspiration from Spanish falangism. Indeed, in those early years it came close to espousing a Fascist agenda, in the style of Spain's Francisco Franco and Italy's Benito Mussolini. It was reformist, however, in that it advocated major transformations to the existing (largely oligarchic) social and political order. This bro ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Mario Gutiérrez (politician)
Mario R. Gutiérrez Gutiérrez (17 October 1917 – 4 August 1980) was a Bolivia, Bolivian politician who led the Bolivian Socialist Falange (FSB) after the death of its founder, Óscar Únzaga, Óscar Únzaga de la Vega, until his death in 1980. He was Foreign Minister of Bolivia, Foreign Minister from 1971 to 1973 and wrote about Bolivian politics. Born in Santa Cruz de la Sierra in 1917, Gutiérrez studied law and political science at the Catholic University of Chile. After the death of Óscar Vega in a failed coup by the FSB, Gutiérrez, a party member since its creation in 1937, was elected leader of the party by its regional leaders. Gutiérrez was the presidential candidate for the FSB in the 1960 Bolivian general election, 1960 elections, winning 8% of the popular vote. Gutiérrez wrote publications about the political situation in Bolivia and South America. Gutiérrez is buried on the ''Paseo de los Notables'' (Avenue of the Notables) in General Cemetery of Santa Cruz ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Juan José Torres
Juan José Torres González (5 March 1920 – 2 June 1976) was a Bolivian socialism, socialist politician and military leader who served as the 50th president of Bolivia from 1970 to 1971, when he was ousted in a coup that resulted in the dictatorship of Hugo Banzer. He was popularly known as "J.J." (Jota-Jota). Juan José Torres was murdered in 1976 in Buenos Aires, in the frame of the United States-backed campaign Operation Condor. Early life Torres was born in Cochabamba, Bolivia, Cochabamba to a poor Aymara people, Aymara-Mestizo family and joined the army in 1941. He served as military attache to Brazil from 1964 and as ambassador to Uruguay from 1965 to 1966, when he was appointed Labor Minister. He became the reform-minded Alfredo Ovando's right-hand man and commander-in-chief of the armed forces when the latter came to power as a result of a 1969 Bolivian coup d'état, coup d'état in September 1969. Torres became one of the more left-leaning officers in the Boliv ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Supreme Decree 11947
Supreme Decree 11947 was a decree of the military government of Hugo Banzer (1971–1978). Issued on November 9, 1974, it declared the recess of political parties and the complete militarization of the Executive Branch - beginning a new stage of the Banzer regime. This event was caused by the breakup of the Nationalist Popular Front, an alliance formed by the Banzer military government and the MNR and FSB political parties. Origins With the triumph of the August 1971 coup, its promoters formed a civic-military government represented by the Nationalist Popular Front (FPN)an alliance composed of the Armed Forces under President Hugo Banzer, the Revolutionary Nationalist Movement (MNR) of Víctor Paz Estenssoro, and the Bolivian Socialist Falange (FSB) of Mario Gutiérrez. The governing coalition gradually disintegrated from late 1973.Dunkerley, 1984. p. 268-270 The promise of elections scheduled for 1974 led some of the MNR and FSB to leave the government, with only a few political ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
