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National Water Policy
National Water Policy is formulated by the Ministry of Water Resources of the Government of India to govern the planning and development of water resources and their optimum utilization. The first National Water Policy was adopted in September, 1987. It was reviewed and updated in 2002 and later in 2012. India accounts for 18% of the world population and about 4% of the world’s water resources. One of the solutions to solve the country’s water woes is to create Indian Rivers Inter-link.c India has been successful in creating live water storage capacity of about 253 billion cubic meter (BCM) so far. In a first, the ecological needs of river have also been taken into consideration. Salient features The major provisions under the policy are: #Envisages to establish a standardized national information system with a network of data banks and data bases . #Resource planning and recycling for providing maximum availability. #To give importance to the impact of projects on human set ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ministry Of Water Resources, River Development And Ganga Rejuvenation
The Ministry of Water Resources, River Development and Ganga Rejuvenation was the apex body for formulation and administration of rules and regulations relating to the development and regulation of the water resources in India. The Ministry was formed in January 1985 following the bifurcation of the then Ministry of Irrigation and Power, when the Department of Irrigation was re-constituted as the Ministry of Water Resources. In July 2014, the Ministry was renamed to “Ministry of Water Resources, River Development & Ganga Rejuvenation”, making it the National Ganga River Basin Authority for conservation, development, management, and abatement of pollution in the river Ganges and its tributaries. In May 2019, this ministry was merged with the Ministry of Drinking Water and Sanitation to form the Ministry of Jal Shakti. Organisations * Bansagar Control Board * Betwa River Board * Brahmaputra Board * Central Ground Water Board * Central Soil and Materials Research Station * Ce ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Groundwater
Groundwater is the water present beneath Earth's surface in rock and Pore space in soil, soil pore spaces and in the fractures of stratum, rock formations. About 30 percent of all readily available fresh water in the world is groundwater. A unit of rock or an unconsolidated deposit is called an ''aquifer'' when it can yield a usable quantity of water. The depth at which soil pore spaces or fractures and voids in rock become completely saturated with water is called the ''water table''. Groundwater is Groundwater recharge, recharged from the surface; it may discharge from the surface naturally at spring (hydrosphere), springs and Seep (hydrology), seeps, and can form oasis, oases or wetlands. Groundwater is also often withdrawn for agricultural, municipal, and industrial use by constructing and operating extraction water well, wells. The study of the distribution and movement of groundwater is ''hydrogeology'', also called groundwater hydrology. Typically, groundwater is thought o ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Environmental Law In India
Indian environmental law concerns the law and Environmental policy of India, policy of India concerning the protection of the Natural environment, environment, measures taken to reverse climate change and achieve a zero carbon economy. Since the sixties concern over the state of environment has grown the world over. There has been substantive decline in environment quality due to increasing pollution, loss of vegetal cover and biological diversity, excessive concentration of harmful chemicals in the ambient atmosphere and in food chains, growing risks of environment accidents and threats to life support systems. The Decision which were taken at united nation conference on the human conference on the Human Environment held in Stockholm in June 1972 were based on the world community's resolve to protect and enhance the environmental concerns. Although several measures had been taken for environmental Protection both before and after the Conference it was found necessary to enact a c ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Water In India
India receives an average annual precipitation of , amounting to approximately of rainfall or about of freshwater per person each year. The country accounts for 18% of the world's population but has access to only about 4% of the world's water resources. One of the proposed measures to address India's water challenges is the Indian Rivers Interlinking Project. Approximately 80% of India's land area receives rainfall of or more annually. However, the distribution of rainfall is uneven, both temporally and geographically. Most rainfall occurs during the monsoon season, from June to September, with the northeastern and northern regions receiving significantly higher rainfall compared to the western and southern parts of the country. Apart from rainfall, the melting of snow in the Himalayas after winter contributes to the flow of northern rivers, though the extent varies. In contrast, southern rivers exhibit greater seasonal variability in water flow. The Himalayan basin, in par ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Policies Of India
Policy is a deliberate system of guidelines to guide decisions and achieve rational outcomes. A policy is a statement of intent and is implemented as a procedure or protocol. Policies are generally adopted by a governance body within an organization. Policies can assist in both ''subjective'' and ''objective'' decision making. Policies used in subjective decision-making usually assist senior management with decisions that must be based on the relative merits of a number of factors, and as a result, are often hard to test objectively, e.g. work–life balance policy. Moreover, governments and other institutions have policies in the form of laws, regulations, procedures, administrative actions, incentives and voluntary practices. Frequently, resource allocations mirror policy decisions. Policies intended to assist in objective decision-making are usually operational in nature and can be objectively tested, e.g. a password policy. The term may apply to government, public sector ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Water Pollution In India
Water pollution refers to the contamination of water bodies (such as rivers, lakes, oceans, groundwater) by harmful substances or pathogens, making them unfit for human use or harmful to aquatic life. This contamination can occur from various sources, including industrial discharge, agricultural runoff, untreated sewage, and improper disposal of waste. The presence of pollutants in water can have serious environmental, health, and economic consequences. Water pollution is a major environmental issue in India. The largest source of water pollution in India is untreated sewage. Other sources of pollution include agricultural runoff and unregulated small-scale industry. Most rivers, lakes and surface water in India are polluted due to industries, untreated sewage and solid wastes. Although the average annual precipitation in India is about 4000 billion cubic metres, only about 1122 billion cubic metres of water resources are available for utilization due to lack of infrastructure. Muc ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Water Supply And Sanitation In India
Water is an inorganic compound with the chemical formula . It is a transparent, tasteless, odorless, and nearly colorless chemical substance. It is the main constituent of Earth's hydrosphere and the fluids of all known living organisms (in which it acts as a solvent). It is vital for all known forms of life, despite not providing food energy or organic micronutrients. Its chemical formula, , indicates that each of its molecules contains one oxygen and two hydrogen atoms, connected by covalent bonds. The hydrogen atoms are attached to the oxygen atom at an angle of 104.45°. In liquid form, is also called "water" at standard temperature and pressure. Because Earth's environment is relatively close to water's triple point, water exists on Earth as a solid, a liquid, and a gas. It forms precipitation in the form of rain and aerosols in the form of fog. Clouds consist of suspended droplets of water and ice, its solid state. When finely divided, crystalline ice may precipi ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Water Scarcity In India
Water scarcity in India is an ongoing crisis that affects nearly hundreds of million of people each year. In addition to affecting the huge rural and urban population, the water scarcity in India also extensively affects the ecosystem and agriculture. India has only 4/100% of the world's fresh water resources despite a population of over 1.4 billion people. In addition to the disproportionate availability of freshwater, water scarcity in India also results from drying up of rivers and their reservoirs in the summer months, right before the onset of the monsoons throughout the country. The crisis has especially worsened in the recent years due to climate change which results in delayed monsoons, consequently drying out reservoirs in several regions. Other factors attributed to the shortage of water in India are a lack of proper infrastructure and government oversight and unchecked water pollution. Several large cities of India have experienced water shortages in recent years, with ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Water Resources In India
India receives an average annual precipitation of , amounting to approximately of rainfall or about of freshwater per person each year. The country accounts for 18% of the world's population but has access to only about 4% of the world's water resources. One of the proposed measures to address India's water challenges is the Indian Rivers Interlinking Project. Approximately 80% of India's land area receives rainfall of or more annually. However, the distribution of rainfall is uneven, both temporally and geographically. Most rainfall occurs during the monsoon season, from June to September, with the northeastern and northern regions receiving significantly higher rainfall compared to the western and southern parts of the country. Apart from rainfall, the melting of snow in the Himalayas after winter contributes to the flow of northern rivers, though the extent varies. In contrast, southern rivers exhibit greater seasonal variability in water flow. The Himalayan basin, in par ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Irrigation In India
Irrigation (also referred to as watering of plants) is the practice of applying controlled amounts of water to land to help grow crops, landscape plants, and lawns. Irrigation has been a key aspect of agriculture for over 5,000 years and has been developed by many cultures around the world. Irrigation helps to grow crops, maintain landscapes, and revegetate disturbed soils in dry areas and during times of below-average rainfall. In addition to these uses, irrigation is also employed to protect crops from frost, suppress weed growth in grain fields, and prevent soil consolidation. It is also used to cool livestock, reduce dust, dispose of sewage, and support mining operations. Drainage, which involves the removal of surface and sub-surface water from a given location, is often studied in conjunction with irrigation. There are several methods of irrigation that differ in how water is supplied to plants. Surface irrigation, also known as gravity irrigation, is the oldest form ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Interstate River Water Disputes Act
The Interstate River Water Disputes Act, 1956 (IRWD Act) is an Act of the Parliament of India enacted under Article 262 of Constitution of India on the eve of reorganization of states on linguistic basis to resolve the water disputes that would arise in the use, control and distribution of an interstate river or river valley. Article 262 of the Indian Constitution provides a role for the union government in adjudicating conflicts surrounding interstate rivers that arise among the state/regional governments. This Act has been amended subsequently, with the most recent amendment in 2002. River waters use / harnessing is included in states jurisdiction (entry 17 of state list, Schedule 7 of Indian Constitution). However, the union government with parliament approval can make laws on regulation and development of interstate rivers and river valleys to the extent such water resources are directly under its control when expedient in the public interest (entry 56 of uni ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
