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National New-Type Urbanization Plan
The National New-Type Urbanization Plan is a Chinese government plan to urbanize formerly rural residents in order to help transition China from an export-oriented economy to one with increasing amounts of domestic consumption. The ''National New-Type Urbanization Plan (2014-2020)'' was China's first national strategic urbanization plan. A new version for the period 2021-2035 has been prepared, but as of March 2023 was not yet publicized. National New-Type Urbanization has resulted in more centralized urban planning processes. Investments in infrastructure for newly urbanized residents also had an impact in increasing China's industrialization and GDP. Overview The National New-Type Urbanization Plan was announced in 2014. The ''National New-Type Urbanization Plan (2014-2020)'' was China's first national urbanization plan. As a strategic policy document, the plan mostly refrained from setting specific quantifiable targets. A new version of the plan covering the period 2021-2035 ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Government Of China
The government of the People's Republic of China is based on a system of people's congress within the parameters of a unitary communist state, in which the ruling Chinese Communist Party (CCP) enacts its policies through people's congresses. This system is based on the principle of unified state power, in which the legislature, the National People's Congress (NPC), is constitutionally enshrined as "the highest state organ of power." As China's political system has no separation of powers, there is only one branch of government which is represented by the legislature. The CCP through the NPC enacts unified leadership, which requires that all state organs, from the Supreme People's Court to the State Council of China, are elected by, answerable to, and have no separate powers than those granted to them by the NPC. By law, all elections at all levels must adhere to the leadership of the CCP. The CCP controls appointments in all state bodies through a two-thirds majority in t ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Xiong'an
Xiong'an New Area is a state-level new area in the Baoding area of Hebei, China. Established in April 2017, the area is located about south of Beijing and east of downtown Baoding. Its main function is to serve as a development hub for the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei ( Jing-Jin-Ji) economic triangle. Additionally, nonessential functions of the Chinese capital are expected to migrate here, including offices of some state-owned enterprises, government agencies, and research and development facilities. The city is planned to be erected by 2035, and to be completed by the middle of the 21st century, with a planned population of 5 million people. The area covers the counties of Xiong, Rongcheng and Anxin. Its name is a compound of the first elements of the names of two of them: Xiong and Anxin. The construction of the area is described as part of the "millennium strategy" (). Unlike other "new areas", Xiong'an's development is taking place under the direct oversight of the Central ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
2014 In China
Events in the year 2014 in China. Incumbents *General Secretary of the Chinese Communist Party – Xi Jinping * President – Xi Jinping *Vice President – Li Yuanchao *Premier – Li Keqiang * Congress chairman – Zhang Dejiang * Consultative Conference chairman – Yu Zhengsheng Governors * Governor of Anhui Province – Wang Xuejun * Governor of Fujian Province – Su Shulin * Governor of Gansu Province – Liu Weiping * Governor of Guangdong Province – Zhu Xiaodan * Governor of Guizhou Province – Chen Min'er * Governor of Hainan Province – Jiang Dingzhi * Governor of Hebei Province – Zhang Qingwei * Governor of Heilongjiang Province – Lu Hao * Governor of Henan Province – Xie Fuzhan * Governor of Hubei Province – Wang Guosheng * Governor of Hunan Province – Du Jiahao * Governor of Jiangsu Province – Li Xueyong * Governor of Jiangxi Province – Lu Xinshe * Gov ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Economy Of China
The People's Republic of China is a Developing country, developing Mixed economy, mixed socialist market economy, incorporating Industrial policy, industrial policies and strategic Five-year plans of China, five-year plans. —Xu, Chenggang. "The Fundamental Institutions of China's Reforms and Development." Journal of Economic Literature, vol. 49, no. 4, American Economic Association, 2011, pp. 1076–151, . —Nee, Victor, and Sonja Opper. "Political Capital in a Market Economy." Social Forces, vol. 88, no. 5, Oxford University Press, 2010, pp. 2105–32, . —Shue Tuck Wong & Sun Sheng Han (1998) Whither China's Market Economy? The Case of Lijin Zhen, Geographical Review, 88:1, 29–46, —Gregory C. Chow (2005) The Role of Planning in China's Market Economy, Journal of Chinese Economic and Business Studies, 3:3, 193–203, —HUA, HUANG. "The Market Economy in China." Security Dialogue, vol. 24, no. 2, SAGE Publications, Ltd., 1993, pp. 175–79, . —Chow, Gregory C. "Devel ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Spatial Planning
Spatial planning mediates between the respective claims on space of the state, market, and community. In so doing, three different mechanisms of involving stakeholders, integrating sectoral policies and promoting development projects mark the three schools of transformative strategy formulation, innovation action and performance in spatial planning Spatial planning systems refer to the methods and approaches used by the public and private sectors to influence the distribution of people and activities in different geographic areas. Spatial planning coordinates practices and policies that shape spatial organization. Spatial planning is synonymous with the practices of urban planning in the United States but at larger scales, and the term is often used in reference to planning efforts in European countries. Discrete professional disciplines which involve spatial planning include land use planning, land use, urban planning, urban, regional planning, regional, transport planning, tra ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Urbanization In China
Urbanization in China increased in speed following the initiation of the reform and opening policy. By the end of 2024, China had an urbanization rate of 67% and is expected to reach 75–80% by 2035. History Before industrialization China's increase in urbanization was one of the several functions of the surpluses produced from the agricultural sectors in China (farming and pastoral dependency). This judgment is based on (1) the fact that not until the end of the Qing period did Chinese begin importing moderate quantities of foodstuffs from the outside world to help feed its population; and (2) the fact that the handicraft sector never challenged agricultural dominance in the economy despite a symbiotic relationship between them. By the same token, urbanization rarely exceeded ten percent of the total population although large urban centres were established. For example, during the Song, the northern capital Kaifeng (of the Northern Song) and southern capital Hangzhou (of the ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Territorial Spatial Planning
Territorial spatial planning () is the spatial planning system of the People's Republic of China which, according to its official definition, serves as the guide of the country's territory's development, the blueprint of sustainable development, as well as the fundamental basis of all kinds of development. Territorial spatial planning is an "all-in-one" planning encompassing former major function zone planning, land-use planning, urban and rural planning, as well as other different types of spatial planning. Background Prior to the establishment of the Ministry of Natural Resources of the People's Republic of China, Ministry of Natural Resources and the introduction of policies of territorial spatial planning, various types of spatial planning systems had existed in mainland China, which include (but are not limited to): In addition to the variety and complexity, due to the overlaps and gaps among the functions of different plans and departments concerned and the failure to coordi ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Environmental Planning
Environmental planning is the process of facilitating decision making to carry out land development with the consideration given to the natural environment, social, political, economic and governance factors and provides a holistic framework to achieve sustainable outcomes. A major goal of environmental planning is to create sustainable communities, which aim to conserve and protect undeveloped land. Elements Environmental planning concerns itself with the decision making processes where they are required for managing relationships that exist within and between natural systems and human systems. Environmental planning endeavors to manage these processes in an effective, orderly, transparent and equitable manner for the benefit of all constituents within such systems for the present and for the future. Present day environmental planning practices are the result of continuous refinement and expansion of the scope of such decision making processes. Some of the main elements of pr ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Urban Planning In China
Urban Planning in China is currently characterized by a top-down approach, high density urban development and Urbanization in China, extensive urbanization. China's urban planning philosophies and practices have undergone multiple transitions due to governance and economic structure changes throughout the nation's extensive history. The founding of the People's Republic of China in 1949 marks the beginning of three recent historical stages of urban planning philosophies and practice which represent a divergence from traditional Chinese urban planning morphologies and are broadly categorized as socialist, hybrid and global cities.Hahn, Thomas. 2006China Urban Planning materials 中国近代城市化图片资料 Accessed on 17 May 2009 *Traditional City - walled cities, for example, Xi'an and Beijing's Forbidden City. Traditional cities, were planned in a manner similar to that of present-day, as they were also directly affected by the philosophies, governance and economies of thei ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Industrialization Of China
The industrialization of China refers to the process of China undergoing various stages of industrialization and technological revolutions. The focus is on the period after the founding of the People's Republic of China where China experienced its most notable transformation from a largely agrarian country to an industrialized powerhouse. Although the Chinese industrialization is largely defined by its 20th-century campaigns, especially those motivated by Mao Zedong's political calls to " exceed the UK and catch the USA", China has a long history that contextualizes the proto-industrial efforts, and explains the reasons for delay of industrialization in comparison to Western countries. In 1952, 83 percent of the Chinese workforce were employed in agriculture. The figure remained high, but was declining steadily, throughout the early phase of industrialization between the 1960s and 1990s. In view of the rapid population growth, however, this amounted to a rapid growth of the indu ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Smart City
A smart city is an urban area that uses digital technology to collect data and operate services. Data is collected from citizens, devices, buildings, or cameras. Applications include traffic and transportation systems, power plants, utilities, urban forestry, water supply networks, waste disposal, criminal investigations, information systems, schools, libraries, hospitals, and other community services. The foundation of a smart city is built on the integration of people, technology, and processes, which connect and interact across sectors such as healthcare, transportation, education, infrastructure, etc. Smart cities are characterized by the ways in which their local governments monitor, analyze, plan, and govern the city. In a smart city, data sharing extends to businesses, citizens, and other third parties who can derive benefit from using that data. The three largest sources of spending associated with smart cities as of 2022 were visual surveillance, public transit, and ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ecological Civilization
Ecological civilization is the hypothetical concept that describes the alleged final goal of social and environmental reform within a given society. It implies that the changes required in response to global climate disruption and social injustices are so extensive as to require another form of human civilization, one based on ecological principles. It has become one of the tenets of the ideology of the Chinese Communist Party, often referred to as Xi Jinping Thought on Ecological Civilization. Conceptualization Broadly construed, ecological civilization involves a synthesis of economic, educational, political, agricultural, and other societal changes toward sustainability.Zhihe Wang, Huili He, and Meijun Fan"The Ecological Civilization Debate in China: The Role of Ecological Marxism and Constructive Postmodernism—Beyond the Predicament of Legislation" last modified 2014, ''Monthly Review'', accessed November 1, 2016. Although the term was first coined in the 1980s, it did ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
