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National Market System Plan
A national market system plan (or Regulation NMS, NMS plan) is a structured method of transmitting security (finance), securities transactions in real-time. In the United States, national market systems are governed by section 11A of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934. In addition to processing the transactions themselves, these plans also emit the price, volume data, and regulatory auditing information for these transactions. Information on each securities trade is sent to a central network at the Securities Industry Automation Corporation (SIAC) where it is then distributed, consolidated with other trades on the same "tape". There are three major tapes in the United States: Tape A and Tape B (which together are called the "Consolidated Tape"), and Tape C. CTA Plan The CTA SIP handles Tape A and Tape B securities and provides two feeds: the Consolidated Quotation System (CQS) for quotes and, the NBBO, and the Consolidated Tape System (CTS) for trades. UTP Plan The UTP SIP han ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Regulation NMS
Regulation National Market System (or Reg NMS) is a 2005 US financial regulation promulgated and described by the United States Securities and Exchange Commission, Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) as "a series of initiatives designed to modernize and strengthen the National Market System for equity securities". The Reg NMS is intended to assure that investors receive the best (National best bid and offer, NBBO) price executions for their orders by encouraging competition in the marketplace. Some contend that the rule has contributed to the rise of high-frequency trading, which is sometimes regarded as High-frequency trading#Risks and controversy, controversial. History Established in 2005, its aim was to foster both "competition among individual markets and competition among individual orders" in order to promote efficient and fair price formation across securities markets. In 1972, before the SEC began its pursuit of a national market system, the market for securities was ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Security (finance)
A security is a tradable financial asset. The term commonly refers to any form of financial instrument, but its legal definition varies by jurisdiction. In some countries and languages people commonly use the term "security" to refer to any form of financial instrument, even though the underlying legal and regulatory regime may not have such a broad definition. In some jurisdictions the term specifically excludes financial instruments other than equity and fixed income instruments. In some jurisdictions it includes some instruments that are close to equities and fixed income, e.g., equity warrants. Securities may be represented by a certificate or, more typically, they may be "non-certificated", that is in electronic ( dematerialized) or " book entry only" form. Certificates may be ''bearer'', meaning they entitle the holder to rights under the security merely by holding the security, or ''registered'', meaning they entitle the holder to rights only if they appear on a securi ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Securities Exchange Act Of 1934
The Securities Exchange Act of 1934 (also called the Exchange Act, '34 Act, or 1934 Act) (, codified at et seq.) is a law governing the secondary trading of securities (stocks, bonds, and debentures) in the United States of America. A landmark piece of wide-ranging legislation, the Act of '34 and related statutes form the basis of regulation of the financial markets and their participants in the United States. The 1934 Act also established the Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC), the agency primarily responsible for enforcement of United States federal securities law. Companies raise billions of dollars by issuing securities in what is known as the primary market. Contrasted with the Securities Act of 1933, which regulates these original issues, the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 regulates the secondary trading of those securities between persons often unrelated to the issuer, frequently through brokers or dealers. Trillions of dollars are made and lost each year ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Securities Industry Automation Corporation
The Securities Industry Automation Corporation (SIAC) is a subsidiary of the NYSE Euronext. Its purpose is to provide technical services for the exchanges themselves, members and other financial institutions. In this role, SIAC provides the computers and other systems required to run the exchanges. It also owns communication lines and hardware to provide real-time quotes and transaction information to all market participants from the Consolidated Tape/Ticker System (CTS), Consolidated Quotation System (CQS), and Options Price Reporting Authority (OPRA). History SIAC was created on July 17, 1972, as a wholly owned subsidiary of the NYSE and American Stock Exchange. The NYSE owned two thirds of SIAC, while the AMEX owned one third. SIAC initially provided processing services for both NYSE and AMEX's clearing corporations, and continued to do so when these merged into the National Securities Clearing Corporation. As of 2002, the three remained SIAC's main sources of revenue ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
NASDAQ
The Nasdaq Stock Market (; National Association of Securities Dealers Automated Quotations) is an American stock exchange based in New York City. It is the most active stock trading venue in the U.S. by volume, and ranked second on the list of stock exchanges by market capitalization of shares traded, behind the New York Stock Exchange. The exchange platform is owned by Nasdaq, Inc. (which the exchange also lists; ticker symbol NDAQ), which also owns the Nasdaq Nordic stock market network and several U.S.-based stock and options exchanges. Although it trades stock of healthcare, financial, media, entertainment, retail, hospitality, and food businesses, it focuses more on technology stocks. The exchange is made up of both American and foreign firms, with China and Israel being the largest foreign sources. History 1972–2000 Nasdaq, Inc. was founded in 1971 by the National Association of Securities Dealers (NASD), which is now known as the Financial Industry Regulatory A ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Options Price Reporting Authority
The Options Price Reporting Authority (OPRA) oversees the Securities Information Processor (SIP) that provides last sale information and current options quotations from a committee of participant exchanges. In turn, this committee is designated as the Options Price Reporting Authority. OPRA is a national market system plan that governs the process by which options market data are collected from participant exchanges, consolidated, and disseminated. Participant exchanges Current OPRA participants include: * Cboe Options Exchange * Cboe EDGX Options Exchange * Cboe BZX Options Exchange * Cboe C2 Options Exchange * Nasdaq PHLX * Nasdaq ISE * Nasdaq Options Market * Nasdaq GEMX * Nasdaq BX Options * Nasdaq MRX * NYSE Arca Options * NYSE American Options * Miami International Holdings * BOX Options * Members Exchange Acquisition and distribution of market data The Securities Industry Automation Corporation (SIAC) administers the Securities Information Processor ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Consolidated Tape System
The Consolidated Tape System (CTS) is the United States electronic service, introduced in April 1976, that provides last sale and trade data for issues admitted to dealings on the American Stock Exchange, New York Stock Exchange, and U.S. regional stock exchanges. The Consolidated Tape Association (CTA) is the operating authority for both the Consolidated Quotation System (CQS) and the Consolidated Tape System (CTS). Other countries European Union EuroCTP is a joint venture established in 2023 by 14 bourses, which aims to provide a consolidated tape (CT) in financial trading within the EU. This forms part of the European Commission's Capital Markets Union. United Kingdom In July 2023, the UK's Financial Conduct Authority (FCA) announced it was setting up a 'consolidated tape' system for City traders. As well as cutting costs and improving the quality of data, the FCA said the reforms would "increase transparency and access to trading data". The consolidated tape system is t ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ticker Tape
Ticker tape was the earliest electrical dedicated financial communications medium, transmitting stock price information over electrical telegraph, telegraph lines, in use from around 1870 to 1970. It consisted of a paper strip that ran through a machine called a stock ticker, which printed abbreviated company names as alphabetic symbols followed by numeric stock transaction price and volume information. The term "ticker" came from the sound made by the machine as it printed. The ticker tape revolutionized financial markets, as it relayed information from trading floors continuously and simultaneously across geographical distances. Paper ticker tape became obsolete in the 1960s, as television and computers were increasingly used to transmit financial information. The concept of the stock ticker lives on, however, in the scrolling electronic tickers seen on brokerage walls and on news and financial television channels. Ticker tape stock price telegraphs were invented in 1867 by E ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Securities Information Processor
A securities information processor (SIP) is a part of the infrastructure of public market data providers in the United States that process, consolidate, and disseminate quotes and trade data from different US securities exchanges and market centers. An important purpose of the SIPs for US securities is to publish the prevailing National Best Bid Offer (NBBO). There are three exclusive SIPs in operation as of 2023. The UTP Plan oversees the SIP for securities listed on Nasdaq and over-the-counter securities, also called unlisted trading privileges securities. The Consolidated Tape Association (CTA) Plan oversees the SIP for securities listed on all other exchanges, including the New York Stock Exchange, NYSE Arca, NYSE American, NYSE Chicago, and Cboe stock exchanges. The Options Price Reporting Authority (OPRA) oversees the SIP for all exchange-traded securities options in the US. History Securities Acts Amendments of 1975 The SIPs were introduced in 1975 through the passa ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Unlisted Trading Privileges
Unlisted Trading Privileges (UTP) oversees the Securities Information Processor for securities listed on Nasdaq and other securities that do not meet the requirements for listing on an exchange. Acquisition and distribution of market data Nasdaq established the UTP Plan to outline the consolidation and distribution of data through one centralized resource called the Securities Information Processor (SIP). The securities listed on Nasdaq can be quoted and traded from any US exchange. Trades and quotes on these securities are distributed on two separate feeds, the UTP Quotation Data Feed (UQDF) and the UTP Trade Data Feed (UTDF). UQDF provides traders a direct view of an NBBO. These feeds are considered level 1 or the top-of-book. National Market System (NMS) plan The NMS Plan regulates the UTP and Consolidated Tape Association (CTA) networks. The particulars for executing the regulation requires real-time reporting of transactions and their volumes, prices, and auditing detai ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Consolidated Tape Association
The Consolidated Tape Association (CTA) oversees the Securities Information Processor that disseminates real-time trade and quote information (market data) in New York Stock Exchange (NYSE) and American Stock Exchange (AMEX) listed securities (stocks and bonds). It is currently chaired by Emily Kasparov of the Chicago Stock Exchange, the first woman and the youngest chair elected to the position. CTA manages two Plans to govern the collection, processing and dissemination of trade and quote data: the Consolidated Tape Plan, which governs trades, and the Consolidated Quotation Plan, which governs quotes. The Plans were filed with and approved by the Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) in accordance with Section 11A of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934. Since the late 1970s, all SEC-registered exchanges and market centers that trade NYSE or AMEX-listed securities send their trades and quotes to a central consolidator where the Consolidated Tape System (CTS) and Consoli ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
