|
National Immunization Technical Advisory Group
National Immunization Technical Advisory Group (NITAG) is an advisory committee composed of multidisciplinary experts responsible for providing information to national governments. This information is used to make evidence-based decisions regarding vaccines and immunization policies. The majority of industrialized countries, as well as some developing countries, have formally established advisory committees to guide their immunization policies, while other countries are working towards establishing such committees. Purpose The primary purpose of a NITAG is to provide technical expertise by offering guidance and recommendations to national policymakers and program managers, enabling them to make evidence-based decisions regarding immunization policies and programs. This may also include recommendations on vaccination schedules, such as the appropriate timing, dosage, and contraindications of vaccines. To ensure that the government gives proper attention to NITAG recommendations, ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Vaccines
A vaccine is a biological preparation that provides active acquired immunity to a particular infectious or malignant disease. The safety and effectiveness of vaccines has been widely studied and verified. A vaccine typically contains an agent that resembles a disease-causing microorganism and is often made from weakened or killed forms of the microbe, its toxins, or one of its surface proteins. The agent stimulates the body's immune system to recognize the agent as a threat, destroy it, and recognize further and destroy any of the microorganisms associated with that agent that it may encounter in the future. Vaccines can be prophylactic (to prevent or alleviate the effects of a future infection by a natural or "wild" pathogen), or therapeutic (to fight a disease that has already occurred, such as cancer). Some vaccines offer full sterilizing immunity, in which infection is prevented. The administration of vaccines is called vaccination. Vaccination is the most effective ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Immunology
Immunology is a branch of biology and medicine that covers the study of Immune system, immune systems in all Organism, organisms. Immunology charts, measures, and contextualizes the Physiology, physiological functioning of the immune system in states of both health and diseases; malfunctions of the immune system in immunological disorders (such as Autoimmune disease, autoimmune diseases, Hypersensitivity, hypersensitivities, immune deficiency, and transplant rejection); and the physical, chemical, and physiological characteristics of the components of the immune system ''in vitro'', ''In situ#Biology and biomedical engineering, in situ'', and ''in vivo''. Immunology has applications in numerous disciplines of medicine, particularly in the fields of organ transplantation, oncology, rheumatology, virology, bacteriology, parasitology, psychiatry, and dermatology. The term was coined by Russian biologist Ilya Ilyich Mechnikov, who advanced studies on immunology and received the Nob ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Advisory Committee On Immunization Practices
The Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices (ACIP) is a National Immunization Technical Advisory Group, committee within the United States Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) that provides advice and guidance on effective control of vaccine-preventable diseases in the U.S. civilian population. The ACIP develops written recommendations for routine administration of vaccines to the pediatric and adult populations, along with vaccination schedules regarding appropriate timing, dosage, and contraindications of vaccines. ACIP statements are official federal recommendations for using vaccines and immune globulins in the U.S. and are published by the CDC. ACIP reports directly to the CDC director, although its management and support services are provided by the CDC's National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases. Purpose and Impact The ACIP was established in March 1964 by the US Surgeon General to assist in preventing and controlling communicable diseases, ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Joint Committee On Vaccination And Immunisation
The Joint Committee on Vaccination and Immunisation (JCVI) is an independent expert advisory committee that advises United Kingdom health departments on immunisation, making recommendations concerning vaccination schedules and vaccine safety. It has a statutory role in England and Wales, and health departments in Scotland and Northern Ireland may choose to accept its advice. History The committee was established in 1963, having been until then an advisory board for polio immunisation. It gained statutory status as the Standing Advisory Committee on Vaccination and Immunisation, a non-departmental public body advising the Secretary of State for Social Services and the Secretary of State for Wales, under the National Health Service (Standing Advisory Committees) Order 1981. Since the devolution of government powers to Wales, the JCVI continues to advise Welsh ministers. For England, the Health Protection (Vaccination) Regulations 2009 require the Secretary of State for Healt ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
National Immunisation Advisory Committee
The National Immunisation Advisory Committee (NIAC) is an Irish advisory body that advises the Chief Medical Officer and Department of Health in the area of immunisation procedures and related matters. NIAC was established within the Royal College of Physicians of Ireland (RCPI) in 1998. It comprises representatives from a broad range of medical and healthcare organisations with expertise in immunisation. Purpose According to its Term of Reference, the purposes of NIAC are as follows: * To provide advice to the Department of Health on vaccines, immunisation and related health matters in the Irish context * To develop and disseminate the National Immunisation Guidelines for Ireland * To advocate for best immunisation practices Membership The members of NIAC is nominated by the organisations listed and approved by the President of the RCPI. Those nominated to NIAC will serve a four-year term and may only be re-elected to serve one additional term. , Dr Siobhan O'Sullivan serve ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Standing Committee On Vaccination
The Standing Committee on Vaccination at the Robert Koch Institute (, ), or STIKO (), is a scientific committee comprising 18 members at the Robert Koch Institute in Berlin, Germany that provides official recommendations for the vaccination schedules used by the individual German states. The committee meets twice yearly to review the latest research regarding vaccination against infectious diseases. Although the STIKO makes recommendations, immunization in Germany is voluntary and there are no official government recommendations. German Federal States typically follow the STIKO's recommendations minimally, although each state can make recommendations for their geographic jurisdiction that extends beyond the recommended list. In addition to the proposed immunization schedule for children and adults, the STIKO recommends vaccinations for occupational groups, police, travelers, and other at risk groups. History The STIKO was established in 1972 as a department of the German Feder ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
National Advisory Committee On Immunization
The National Advisory Committee on Immunization (NACI; ; ) is an advisory body that provides the Government of Canada with medical and scientific advice relating to human immunization. History The NACI's precursor, The National Advisory Committee on Immunizing Agents, was established in 1964. And it was mandated to provide advice on immunizing agents to the Department of National Health and Welfare. In 1975, focus on advice related to the introduction of new vaccines and to assist in the development of immunization programs became the new mandate of the committee. In 1978, the committee was officially renamed into The National Advisory Committee on Immunization, in order to reflect the new mandate for consideration of procedures related to immunization and immunization coverage. Role NACI is mandated to provide the Public Health Agency of Canada (PHAC) with medical, scientific, and public health advice relating to vaccines, including the use of vaccines in humans, vaccine ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Australian Technical Advisory Group On Immunisation
The Australian Technical Advisory Group on Immunisation (ATAGI) is a technical advisory group of the Australian Government. As part of the Department of Health, ATAGI provides advice to the Minister of Health on the immunisation program of Australia and related matters, including the strength of evidence pertaining to existing, new, and emerging vaccines. Roles ATAGI's role * The main role of ATAGI is to provide advice on the administration of vaccinations related to the National Immunisation Program (NIP) to the Minister of Health * Advisory on the ongoing immunisation research or the most needed areas * furnish industry supports with pre-accommodation guidance for likely entries to the Pharmaceutical Benefits Advisory Committee (PBAC) on immunisation viability and use in Australia. ATAGI guidance should be looked for before support making an accommodation to the PBAC * Discussion with pertinent associations to create the Australian Immunisation Handbook * Discussion with s ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Health Economics
Health economics is a branch of economics concerned with issues related to Health care efficiency, efficiency, effectiveness, value and behavior in the production and consumption of health and healthcare. Health economics is important in determining how to improve health outcomes and lifestyle patterns through interactions between individuals, healthcare providers and clinical settings. Health economists study the functioning of healthcare systems and health-affecting behaviors such as smoking, diabetes, and obesity. One of the biggest difficulties regarding healthcare economics is that it does not follow normal rules for economics. Price and quality are often hidden by the third-party payer system of insurance companies and employers. Additionally, Quality-adjusted life year, QALYs (Quality Adjusted Life Years), one of the most commonly used measurements for treatments, is very difficult to measure and relies upon assumptions that are often unreasonable. A seminal 1963 arti ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Clinical Research
Clinical research is a branch of medical research that involves people and aims to determine the effectiveness (efficacy) and safety of medications, devices, diagnostic products, and treatment regimens intended for improving human health. These research procedures are designed for the prevention, treatment, diagnosis or understanding of disease symptoms. Clinical research is different from clinical practice: in clinical practice, established treatments are used to improve the condition of a person, while in clinical research, evidence is collected under rigorous study conditions on groups of people to determine the efficacy and safety of a treatment. Description The term "clinical research" refers to the entire process of studying and writing about a drug, a medical device or a form of treatment, which includes conducting interventional studies (clinical trials) or observational studies on human participants. Clinical research can cover any medical method or product from it ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Cold Chain
A cold chain is a supply chain that uses refrigeration to maintain perishable goods, such as pharmaceuticals, produce or other goods that are temperature-sensitive. Common goods, sometimes called cool cargo, distributed in cold chains include fresh agricultural produce, seafood, frozen food, photographic film, chemicals, and pharmaceutical products. The objective of a cold chain is to preserve the integrity and quality of goods such as pharmaceutical products or perishable good from production to consumption. A well functioning, or unbroken, cold chain requires uninterrupted sequence of refrigerated production, storage and distribution activities, along with associated equipment and logistics, which maintain a desired low-temperature interval to keep the safety and quality of perishable or sensitive products. Unlike other goods or merchandise, cold chain goods are Decomposition, perishable and always en-route towards end use or destination. Adequate cold storage, in particular, ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Vaccinology
A vaccine is a biological preparation that provides active acquired immunity to a particular infectious or malignant disease. The safety and effectiveness of vaccines has been widely studied and verified. A vaccine typically contains an agent that resembles a disease-causing microorganism and is often made from weakened or killed forms of the microbe, its toxins, or one of its surface proteins. The agent stimulates the body's immune system to recognize the agent as a threat, destroy it, and recognize further and destroy any of the microorganisms associated with that agent that it may encounter in the future. Vaccines can be prophylactic (to prevent or alleviate the effects of a future infection by a natural or "wild" pathogen), or therapeutic (to fight a disease that has already occurred, such as cancer). Some vaccines offer full sterilizing immunity, in which infection is prevented. The administration of vaccines is called vaccination. Vaccination is the most effective ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
