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National Geographic Institute (Peru)
The National Geographic Institute is the national mapping agency of Peru. It is a decentralized public organization attached to the Ministry of Defence, in charge of the elaboration of the official maps of the country and to support activities related to its development and defense.''Ley N.º 27292''. Lima: Congreso Nacional del Perú. 23 June 2000. Its headquarters are located in Surquillo, Lima. History On February 13, 1901, when the General Staff of the Army (EMGE) was reorganized and a fourth entity dedicated to topography and cartography was included. On March 6, 1906, President José Pardo y Barreda approved the topographic service under the EMGE. On April 14, 1913, the Army Geographic Service (, SGE) was created as a dependency of the EMGE and with a supreme decree of May 14, 1913, the geographical map of Peru was prepared, a mission that until then was fulfilled by the . With a supreme decree of May 10, 1921, President Augusto B. Leguía entrusted the direction of the S ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Lima
Lima ( ; ), founded in 1535 as the Ciudad de los Reyes (, Spanish for "City of Biblical Magi, Kings"), is the capital and largest city of Peru. It is located in the valleys of the Chillón River, Chillón, Rímac River, Rímac and Lurín Rivers, in the desert zone of the central coastal part of the country, overlooking the Pacific Ocean. The city is considered the political, cultural, financial and commercial center of Peru. Due to its geostrategic importance, the Globalization and World Cities Research Network has categorized it as a "beta" tier city. Jurisdictionally, the metropolis extends mainly within the province of Lima and in a smaller portion, to the west, within the Constitutional Province of Callao, where the seaport and the Jorge Chávez Airport are located. Both provinces have regional autonomy since 2002. The 2023 census projection indicates that the city of Lima has an estimated population of 10,092,000 inhabitants, making it the List of cities in the Americas b ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ministry Of War (Peru)
War is an armed conflict between the armed forces of State (polity), states, or between governmental forces and armed groups that are organized under a certain command structure and have the capacity to sustain military operations, or between such organized groups. It is generally characterized by widespread violence, destruction, and mortality, using Regular army, regular or Irregular military, irregular Military, military forces. Warfare refers to the common activities and characteristics of types of war, or of wars in general. Total war is warfare that is not restricted to purely legitimate military targets, and can result in massive Civilian casualty, civilian or other non-combatant suffering and Casualty (person), casualties. Etymology The English word ''war'' derives from the 11th-century Old English words and , from Old French ( as in modern French), in turn from the Frankish language, Frankish , ultimately deriving from the Proto-Germanic language, Proto-German ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Cartography Organizations
Cartography (; from , 'papyrus, sheet of paper, map'; and , 'write') is the study and practice of making and using maps. Combining science, aesthetics and technique, cartography builds on the premise that reality (or an imagined reality) can be modeled in ways that communicate spatial information effectively. The fundamental objectives of traditional cartography are to: * Set the map's agenda and select traits of the object to be mapped. This is the concern of map editing. Traits may be physical, such as roads or land masses, or may be abstract, such as toponyms or political boundaries. * Represent the terrain of the mapped object on flat media. This is the concern of map projections. * Eliminate the mapped object's characteristics that are irrelevant to the map's purpose. This is the concern of Cartographic generalization, generalization. * Reduce the complexity of the characteristics that will be mapped. This is also the concern of generalization. * Orchestrate the elements ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Surquillo District
Surquillo is a district located in Lima, Peru. The district is bordered by the districts of San Isidro and San Borja on the north; by Miraflores on the south and west; and by Santiago de Surco on the east. Name origin In times past, this part of Lima was already known as the "''Chacras de Surquillo''". At present, the exact origin of this name has not yet been found, although it is believed that the name "Surquillo" is a diminutive of Surco. After the founding of Lima in 1535, Francisco Pizarro found, apart from the curacazgo of Lima, other lordships and chiefdoms in the area, such as Rimactampu, Maranga, Carabayllo, Lurigancho, Linche, Surquillo and Surco. According to the researcher and historian of the Pontifical Catholic University of Peru, Juan Luis Orrego Penagos, the origin of the name Surquillo comes from the viceregal era, when a community of indigenous people emerged in this place that bore similarities to the town of Santiago de Surco. As a result of this, the au ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
INGEMMET
The ''Instituto Geológico Minero y Metalúrgico'' (INGEMMET) is a Peruvian scientific and management agency part of the Ministry of Energy and Mines. It is devoted to the study of the mineral resources, geology of Peru and the regulation of mineral rights in that country. Volcano surveillance ''Observatorio Vulcanológico INGEMMET'' (OVI) is the division of INGEMMET in charge of the study of volcanic activity and potential hazards due to that activity. References External links Official INGEMMET site (in Spanish) INGEMMETon Twitter Twitter, officially known as X since 2023, is an American microblogging and social networking service. It is one of the world's largest social media platforms and one of the most-visited websites. Users can share short text messages, image ... (in Spanish).INGEMMET Volcano Surveillance (in Spanish). {{Authority control Ministry of Energy and Mines (Peru) Government agencies of Peru Geological surveys Earth sciences organization ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
National Aerophotographic Service
The National Aerophotographic Service (; SAN / SANDIVRA) is an aerial photography service of the Peruvian Air Force, it is part of its Directorate of Surveillance and Aerial Reconnaissance. It is located within Las Palmas Air Base. History It was created in 1942, being the first aerial photography project in the country: ''Lima 100'', equipped with the most advanced technology of the time, and throughout its history it has maintained that advantage. His first airplane was a Grumman vehicle and its first camera was a Fairchild. The service was absorbed by the Peruvian Air Force and took on various names, including that of "General Directorate of Aerial Photography" (). The National Aerophotographic Service took the aerial photographs to prepare the basic cartography of the scale of 1 to 100,000. The charter was financed by the Defense Mapping Agency of the United States, who financed them and also the National Geographic Institute to prepare the country's National Charter. It is ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Divisional General
Divisional general is a general officer rank who commands an army division. The rank originates from the French Revolutionary System, and is used by a number of countries. The rank is above a brigade general, and normally below an army corps general. The rank is mostly used in countries where it is used as a modern alternative to a previous older rank of major-general or lieutenant-general. Specific countries Brazil The Brazilian rank ''general-de-divisão'' translates literally as "general of division", and is used by the army. This rank is equivalent to lieutenant-general. The air force equivalent is ''major-brigadeiro''(literally "major-brigadier"). The navy equivalent is ''vice-almirante'' (literally, vice-admiral) Chile The Chilean rank ''general de división'' translates literally as "general of division", and is used by the army. This rank is equivalent to lieutenant-general. The air force equivalent is ''general de aviación'' (literally "aviation general"). These ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Colonel
Colonel ( ; abbreviated as Col., Col, or COL) is a senior military Officer (armed forces), officer rank used in many countries. It is also used in some police forces and paramilitary organizations. In the 17th, 18th, and 19th centuries, a colonel was typically in charge of a regiment in an army. Modern usage varies greatly, and in some cases, the term is used as an Colonel (title), honorific title that may have no direct relationship to military. In some smaller military forces, such as those of Monaco or the Holy See, Vatican, colonel is the highest Military rank, rank. Equivalent naval ranks may be called Captain (naval), captain or ship-of-the-line captain. In the Commonwealth of Nations, Commonwealth's air force ranking system, the equivalent rank is group captain. History and origins By the end of the late medieval period, a group of "companies" was referred to as a "column" of an army. According to Raymond Oliver, , the Spanish began explicitly reorganizing part of thei ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Armed Forces Of Peru
The Peruvian Armed Forces () are the military services of Peru, comprising independent Army, Navy and Air Force components. Their primary mission is to safeguard the country's independence, sovereignty and territorial integrity against any threat. As a secondary mission they participate in economic and social development as well as in civil defence tasks. The National Police of Peru is often classified as a part of the armed forces. Although in fact it has a different organisation and a wholly civil mission, its training and activities over more than two decades as an anti-terrorist force have produced markedly military characteristics, giving it the appearance of a virtual fourth military service with significant land, sea and air capabilities and approximately 140,000 personnel. The Peruvian armed forces report through the Ministry of Defence, while the National Police of Peru report through the Ministry of Interior. History 19th century The Peruvian Army was officially es ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Oscar R
Oscar, OSCAR, or The Oscar may refer to: People and fictional and mythical characters * Oscar (given name), including lists of people and fictional characters named Oscar, Óscar or Oskar * Oscar (footballer, born 1954), Brazilian footballer José Oscar Bernardi * Oscar (footballer, born 1991), Brazilian footballer Oscar dos Santos Emboaba Júnior * Oscar (Irish mythology), son of Oisín and grandson of Finn mac Cumhall Places in the United States * Oscar, Kentucky, an unincorporated community * Oscar, Louisiana, an unincorporated community * Oscar, Missouri, an unincorporated community * Oscar, Oklahoma, an unincorporated community * Oscar, Pennsylvania, an unincorporated community * Oscar, Texas, an unincorporated community * Oscar, West Virginia, an unincorporated community * Oscar Township, Otter Tail County, Minnesota, a civil township * Lake Oscar (other) Animals * Oscar (bionic cat), a cat that had implants after losing both hind paws * Oscar (b ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
