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Nasvang Language
Nasvang is an Oceanic language spoken in southeast Malekula, Vanuatu Vanuatu ( or ; ), officially the Republic of Vanuatu (; ), is an island country in Melanesia located in the South Pacific Ocean. The archipelago, which is of volcanic origin, is east of northern Australia, northeast of New Caledonia, east o ...,. by about 275 speakers.Lynch, John & Terry Crowley. 2001. ''Languages of Vanuatu: A new survey and bibliography''. Canberra: Australian National University. The languages surrounding Nasvang include, or used to include, Port Sandwich, Nisvai, Sörsörian, Axamb and Navwien. References Malekula languages Languages of Vanuatu {{SOceanic-lang-stub ...
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Malekula
Malakula, also spelled Malekula, is the second-largest island in the nation of Vanuatu, formerly the New Hebrides, in Melanesia, a region of the Pacific Ocean. Location Malakula is separated from the islands of Espiritu Santo and Malo by the Bougainville Strait. Lakatoro, the capital of Malampa Province, is situated on Malakula's northeastern shore and is the largest settlement on the island. Just off the northeastern coast of Malakula, there is a group of islands called the ''Small Islands'', including, in order from north to south: Vao, Atchin, Wala, Rano, Norsup, Uripiv, and Uri. Also off the coast: Tomman Island to the southwest; Akhamb Island to the south; and the Maskelynes Islands to the southeast (including Sakao Island and Uluveo). Malakula has a maximum elevation of 879 m. Its peak is called Mt. Liambele. In 1768, Louis Antoine de Bougainville gave his name to the straits that separate Malakula from Santo. History Malakula was inhabited for centuries by the ...
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Vanuatu
Vanuatu ( or ; ), officially the Republic of Vanuatu (; ), is an island country in Melanesia located in the South Pacific Ocean. The archipelago, which is of volcanic origin, is east of northern Australia, northeast of New Caledonia, east of New Guinea, southeast of Solomon Islands, and west of Fiji. Vanuatu was first inhabited by Melanesians, Melanesian people. The first Europeans to visit the islands were a Spanish expedition led by Portuguese navigator Pedro Fernandes de Queirós, Fernandes de Queirós, who arrived on the largest island, Espíritu Santo, in 1606. Queirós claimed the archipelago for Spain, as part of the colonial Spanish East Indies and named it . In the 1880s, France and the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, United Kingdom claimed parts of the archipelago, and in 1906, they agreed on a framework for jointly managing the archipelago as the New Hebrides through an Anglo-French condominium (international law), condominium. An independence movem ...
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Malayo-Polynesian Languages
The Malayo-Polynesian languages are a subgroup of the Austronesian languages, with approximately 385.5 million speakers. The Malayo-Polynesian languages are spoken by the Austronesian peoples outside of Taiwan, in the island nations of Southeast Asia (Indonesia and the Philippine Archipelago) and the Pacific Ocean, with a smaller number in continental Asia in the areas near the Malay Peninsula, with Cambodia, Vietnam and the Chinese island Hainan as the northwest geographic outlier. Malagasy, spoken on the island of Madagascar off the eastern coast of Africa in the Indian Ocean, is the furthest western outlier. Many languages of the Malayo-Polynesian family in insular Southeast Asia show the strong influence of Sanskrit, Tamil and Arabic, as the western part of the region has been a stronghold of Hinduism, Buddhism, and, later, Islam Islam is an Abrahamic religions, Abrahamic monotheistic religion based on the Quran, and the teachings of Muhammad. Adherents of I ...
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Oceanic Languages
The approximately 450 Oceanic languages are a branch of the Austronesian languages. The area occupied by speakers of these languages includes Polynesia, as well as much of Melanesia and Micronesia. Though covering a vast area, Oceanic languages are spoken by only two million people. The largest individual Oceanic languages are Eastern Fijian with over 600,000 speakers, and Samoan with an estimated 400,000 speakers. The Gilbertese (Kiribati), Tongan, Tahitian, Māori and Tolai (Gazelle Peninsula) languages each have over 100,000 speakers. The common ancestor which is reconstructed for this group of languages is called Proto-Oceanic (abbr. "POc"). Classification The Oceanic languages were first shown to be a language family by Sidney Herbert Ray in 1896 and, besides Malayo-Polynesian, they are the only established large branch of Austronesian languages. Grammatically, they have been strongly influenced by the Papuan languages of northern New Guinea, but they retain a rema ...
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Southern Oceanic Languages
The Southern Oceanic languages are a linkage (rather than family) of Oceanic languages spoken in Vanuatu and New Caledonia. It was proposed by John Lynch in 1995 and supported by later studies. It appears to be a linkage rather than a language family with a clearly defined internal nested structure. Classification Clark (2009) groups the North Vanuatu and Central Vanuatu languages together into a North-Central Vanuatu (NCV) group and also reconstructs Proto-North-Central Vanuatu, but this is not accepted by Lynch (2018). In addition to the Temotu languages and the Northwest Solomonic languages of the western Solomon Islands, Geraghty (2017) notes that many Southern Oceanic languages are often lexically and typologically aberrant, likely with Papuan substrata - particularly the Espiritu Santo, Malakula, South Vanuatu, and New Caledonian languages, and perhaps also some Central Vanuatu languages of Ambrym and Efate. Nevertheless, languages in the eastern Solomon Isl ...
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North-Central Vanuatu Languages
The North-Central Vanuatu languages are a linkage of Oceanic languages spoken in Vanuatu and New Caledonia. It was proposed by Ross Clark, who reconstructed the proto-language of the entire group, viewed here as an early, mutually-intelligible chain of dialects. but this is not accepted by Lynch (2018). Languages Following Clark (2009) and ''Glottolog'' 4.0, two major groups can be delineated, which are North Vanuatu and Central Vanuatu. Both groups are linkages. * North Vanuatu ** Torres–Banks **Espiritu SantoTryon, Darrell. 2010. The languages of Espiritu Santo, Vanuatu. In John Bowden and Nikolaus P. Himmelmann and Malcolm Ross (eds.), ''A journey through Austronesian and Papuan linguistic and cultural space: papers in honour of Andrew K. Pawley'', 283–290. Canberra: Research School of Pacific and Asian Studies, Australian National University. **(various others) * Central Vanuatu **Malakula Malakula, also spelled Malekula, is the second-largest island in the nation ...
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Central Vanuatu Languages
The Central Vanuatu languages form a linkage of Southern Oceanic languages spoken in central Vanuatu. Languages Clark (2009) Clark (2009) provides the following classification of the Central Vanuatu languages, divided into geographic areas. Outlier (aberrant) languages identified by Clark (2009) are in ''italics''. Clark's Central Vanuatu branch is wider in scope, including not only the Shepherd–Efate languages, but also the Malakula and Ambrym–Paama–Epi languages. *Central Vanuatu ** Malakula languages *** Northeast Malakula (Uripiv), Vao, Vovo; '' Mpotovoro'' ***'' Dirak'', '' Malua Bay'' ***'' V’ënen Taut'', '' Tape'' ***'' Larevat'', '' Neve’ei'', '' Naman'' ***'' Navava'', '' Nevwervwer'' *** Unua- Pangkumu *** Banam Bay, Aulua *** Lendamboi; '' Nasarian'' *** Axamb, Avok, Maskelynes, Port Sandwich *** Sinesip, Naha’ai; '' Ninde'' **Ambrym–Paama– Epi area *** Ambrym Island: North Ambrym, West Ambrym, South Ambrym *** Paama Island: Southeast Ambrym ...
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Malakula Languages
The Malakula languages are a group of Central Vanuatu languages spoken on Malakula Island in central Vanuatu. Unlike some earlier classifications, linguist and Oceanic languages specialist John Lynch (2016) considered the Malakula languages to form a coherent group. Features One distinctive feature of the Malakula languages is the pervasive loss of unstressed syllables. However, according to Lynch (2014), the innovation occurred after Proto-Malakula broke up, and may have occurred on at least seven different independent occasions. Classification Lynch (2016) divides the Malakula languages into three primary subgroups, namely ''Northern'', ''Eastern'', and ''Western'', all three of which are linkages. Lynch (2016) recognizes 32 languages. *Malakula **Northern *** Malua Bay ***North Coast ****Nese **** Botovro ****Vovo, Vao **Eastern ***Uripiv *** Unua *** Aulua *** Banam Bay ***Southeastern **** Bwenelang **** Nasvang, Nisvai **** Port Sandwich, Avok, Axamb **** Maskelynes ...
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Port Sandwich Language
Port Sandwich, or Lamap, is an Oceanic language spoken in southeast Malekula, Vanuatu, on the eastern tip of the island. It was first described in 1979 by French linguist Jean-Michel Charpentier. Nisvai is a separate language. References External links * Materials on Lamap are included in the open access Arthur Capell Arthur Capell (28 March 1902 – 10 August 1986) was an Australian linguist, who made major contributions to the study of Australian languages, Austronesian languages and Papuan languages. Early life Capell was born in Newtown, New South W ... collectionAC2 held by Paradisec Aviva MPI Shimelman collection of Lamap materialsavailable on Paradisec Malekula languages Languages of Vanuatu {{SOceanic-lang-stub ...
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Nisvai Language
Nisvai is an Oceanic language spoken in southeast Malekula, Vanuatu Vanuatu ( or ; ), officially the Republic of Vanuatu (; ), is an island country in Melanesia located in the South Pacific Ocean. The archipelago, which is of volcanic origin, is east of northern Australia, northeast of New Caledonia, east o ..., on the eastern tip of the island, by about 200 speakers.Lynch, John & Terry Crowley. 2001. ''Languages of Vanuatu: A new survey and bibliography''. Canberra: Australian National University. The languages surrounding Nisvai include, or used to include, Port Sandwich, Nasvang, Sörsörian, Axamb and Avok. Name The name ''Nisvai'' literally means "what". References External links Nisvai DoReCo corpuscompiled by Jocelyn Aznar. Audio recordings of narrative texts with transcriptions time-aligned at the phone level, translations, and time-aligned morphological annotations. Malekula languages Languages of Vanuatu Critically endangered languages {{SOc ...
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Sörsörian Language
Sörsörian is a possibly extinct language of Vanuatu Vanuatu ( or ; ), officially the Republic of Vanuatu (; ), is an island country in Melanesia located in the South Pacific Ocean. The archipelago, which is of volcanic origin, is east of northern Australia, northeast of New Caledonia, east o ..., presumably one of the Malekula Interior languages. References Malekula languages Critically endangered languages {{SOceanic-lang-stub Extinct languages of Vanuatu ...
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