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Nassophorea
The Nassophorea are a class of ciliates. Members are free-living, usually in freshwater but also in marine and soil environments. The mouth is anterior ventral and leads to a curved cytopharynx supported by a prominent palisade of rods or ''nematodesmata'', forming a structure called a '' cyrtos'' or ''nasse'', typical of this and a few other classes. When present, extrusomes take the form of fibrous trichocysts. Cilia are usually monokinetids, but vary from order to order. The Synhymeniida and Nassulida have mostly uniform cilia arising from monokinetids. Among the former, and a few members of the latter, there is a series of small polykinetids running from below the mouth to the left side of the body and sometimes almost circling the cell, called a ''frange'' or ''synhymenium''. Other forms only have three oral membranelles, sometimes extending out of the oral cavity, with or without a paroral membrane. These are usually medium in size, sometimes larger, and cylinde ...
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Nassula
''Nassula'' is a genus of unicellular ciliates, belonging to the class Nassophorea. Like other members of the class, ''Nassula'' possesses a basket-like feeding apparatus (''nasse'', or '' cyrtos'') made up of cytopharyngeal rods (''nematodesmata''), which are themselves composed of closely packed microtubules. ''Nassula'' use this structure to ingest filamentous cyanobacteria, drawing individual strands of blue-green algae through the cytopharynx and into the body of the cell, where they are digested. As the algae are broken down, they can take on a variety of bright colours, which give ''Nassula'' a distinctive, variegated appearance under the microscope. Description The body is ovoid to elongate, and uniformly ciliated, with a single macronucleus and a partial hypostomial frange (''synhymenium'') running from the left side of the cell to the oral aperture. When food is scarce, members of the genus have the ability to become dormant by forming a microbial cyst. Excystment ...
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Peniculid
The peniculids are an order of ciliate protozoa, including the well-known ''Paramecium'' and related genera, such as ''Frontonia'', ''Stokesia (ciliate), Stokesia'', ''Urocentrum'' and ''Lembadion''. Most are relatively large, freshwater forms that feed by sweeping smaller organisms into the mouth. They have simple life cycles, and in many cases do not even form microbial cyst, resting cysts. Typically the body has uniform, dense cilia, which also cover a vestibule preceding the mouth. Extrusomes are characteristically in the form of spindle trichocysts, which release thread-like shafts, and never mucocysts. The oral cilia include peniculi, corresponding to the membranelles of related groups, arranged parallel to the mouth deep in the oral cavity. Nematodesmata (rods) arise from the bases of the oral or perioral cilia, but these do not support a cyrtos as in some other classes. Two suborders are recognised: * The Frontoniina typically have a shallow oral cavity, with a long ...
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Eugene Small
Eugene may refer to: People and fictional characters * Eugene (given name), including a list of people and fictional characters with the given name * Gene Eugene, stage name of Canadian born actor, record producer, engineer, composer and musician Gene Andrusco (1961–2000) * Eugene (wrestler), professional wrestler Nick Dinsmore * Eugene (actress) (born 1981), Kim Yoo-jin, South Korean actress and former member of the singing group S.E.S. Places Canada * Mount Eugene, in Nunavut; the highest mountain of the United States Range on Ellesmere Island United States * Eugene, Oregon, a city ** Eugene, OR Metropolitan Statistical Area ** Eugene (Amtrak station) * Eugene Apartments, NRHP-listed apartment complex in Portland, Oregon * Eugene, Indiana, an unincorporated town * Eugene, Missouri, an unincorporated town Business * Eugene Green Energy Standard, or EUGENE, an international standard to which electricity labelling schemes can be accredited to confirm that they pr ...
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Denis Lynn
Denis may refer to: People * Saint Denis of Paris, 3rd-century Christian martyr and first bishop of Paris * Denis the Areopagite, Biblical figure * Denis, Bishop of Győr (13th century), Hungarian prelate * Denis, son of Ampud (died 1236), baron in the Kingdom of Hungary * Denis the Carthusian (1402–1471), theologian and mystic * Denis of Hungary (c. 1210–1272), Hungarian-born Aragonese knight * Denis of Portugal (1261–1325), king of Portugal * Denis of the Nativity (1600–1638), French sailor and cartographer * Denis, Lord of Cifuentes (1354–1397) * Denis the Little (c. 470 – c. 544), Scythian monk * Dênis (footballer, born 1983) (born 1983), Brazilian retired footballer * Denis (footballer, born 1987) (born 1987), Brazilian professional footballer * Denis (footballer, born 1989) (born 1989), Brazilian footballer * Denis (harpsichord makers), French harpsichord makers * Denis Handlin (born 1951), Australian entrepreneur and business executive * Denis Loktev (b ...
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Extrusome
Extrusomes are membrane-bound organelles found in eukaryotic cells that are capable of discharging material contained within to the exterior of the cell. Due to the diversity in structure and function, it is unlikely that different types of extrusomes are homologous. Some notable extrusomes include mucocysts, which discharge a mucous mass sometimes used in cyst formation, and trichocysts, which discharge a fibrous rod. Nematocysts, the stinging structure found in Cnidarian animals, could be considered extrusomes as well, though those functions are performed by differentiated cells rather than organelles. Other extrusomes include the ancoracyst, a specialized extrusome found in the Provoran eukaryote ''Ancoracysta twista'' used to immobilize prey. Extrusomes and their functions are currently not well understood; many of their supposed functions are in doubt. Function Ciliates Within the ciliates group, numerous extrusomes–primarily trichocysts–are distributed all ac ...
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Membranelle
Membranelles (also membranellae) are structures found around the mouth, or cytostome, in ciliates. They are typically arranged in series, to form an "adoral zone of membranelles", or AZM, on the left side of the buccal cavity (peristome). The membranelles are made up of kinetosomes arranged in groups to make up ''polykinetids''. The cilia The cilium (: cilia; ; in Medieval Latin and in anatomy, ''cilium'') is a short hair-like membrane protrusion from many types of eukaryotic cell. (Cilia are absent in bacteria and archaea.) The cilium has the shape of a slender threadlike proj ... which emerge from these structures appear to be fused and to function as a single membrane, which can be used to sweep particles of food into the cytostome, or for locomotion.Kudo, Richard R. Protozoology. 4th ed. Charles C. Thomas, 1954. p. 59. References Organelles Ciliate biology {{cell-biology-stub ...
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