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Nannophryne
''Nannophryne'' is a small genus of true toads, family Bufonidae, from South America. They are found in central Andean Peru south to southern Chile and adjacent Argentina. Taxonomy The genus was placed in synonymy with ''Bufo'' by George Albert Boulenger in 1894, but it was resurrected in 2006 by Frost when splitting the then very large ''Bufo'' into smaller, monophyletic genera. This change was controversial but has now largely been accepted. The alternative, treating ''Nannophryne'' as a subgenus of ''Bufo'', still has some following. Species There are four species in this genus: * ''Nannophryne apolobambica ''Nannophryne apolobambica'' is a species of toad in the family Bufonidae. It is endemic to Bolivia and only known from its Type locality (biology), type locality on the banks of Pelechuco River, Cordillera Apolobamba, in the Franz Tamayo Provinc ...'' (De la Riva, Ríos, and Aparicio, 2005) * '' Nannophryne cophotis'' (Boulenger, 1900) * '' Nannophryne corynetes'' (Duel ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Nannophryne Apolobambica
''Nannophryne apolobambica'' is a species of toad in the family Bufonidae. It is endemic to Bolivia and only known from its Type locality (biology), type locality on the banks of Pelechuco River, Cordillera Apolobamba, in the Franz Tamayo Province of northwestern Bolivia. Its natural habitat is tropical cloud forest. Active toads were found on the forest floor and paths both day and night. It is threatened by habitat loss. The type locality is partly within the Madidi National Park. References Nannophryne, apolobambica Amphibians of the Andes Amphibians of Bolivia Endemic fauna of Bolivia Taxonomy articles created by Polbot Amphibians described in 2005 {{Bufonidae-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Nannophryne Variegata
''Nannophryne variegata'', known also as the Eden Harbour toad or Patagonian toad, is a species of toad in the family Bufonidae. It is found in southern Argentina (from Neuquén southwards) and Chile. There is also a record from Peru, but this requires confirmation given its great geographic and ecological isolation. It occurs in Tierra del Fuego south to 53°S, making it the southernmost amphibian in the world, a record shared with '' Batrachyla antartandica''. Its natural habitats are temperate to cold humid forests, bogs, and Magellanic tundra. It occurs in marshes, under logs in the ''Nothofagus'' forest region as well as tundra surrounded by low stature ''Nothofagus ''Nothofagus'', also known as the southern beeches, is a genus of 43 species of trees and shrubs native to the Southern Hemisphere, found across southern South America (Chile, Argentina) and east and southeast Australia, New Zealand, New Guin ...'' forest in the subantarctic region. Reproduction takes place ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Nannophryne Cophotis
''Nannophryne cophotis'', or the Paramo toad, is a species of toad in the family Bufonidae that is endemic to northern Peru. Its natural habitats are puna grassland The puna grassland ecoregion, part of the Andean montane grasslands and shrublands biome, is found in the central Andes Mountains of South America. It is considered one of the eight Natural Regions in Peru,Pulgar Vidal, Javier: Geografía del Per ..., high-altitude plateaus, and dry scrubland; it also occurs agricultural land (e.g., potato and maize fields). It breeds in temporary small ponds and permanent shallow streams at altitudes of 2000-4100 meters asl. Individuals have not been recorded since 2005, after what was believed to be a severe decline in its population. It was last known from: Granja Porcón & El Empalme (1999-2000); La Libertad (2003); Ancash (2004); and Cajamarca (2005). If a population exists it is believed to have 0-49 individuals remaining threatened from loss of habitat, pollution, conversion o ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Nannophryne Corynetes
''Nannophryne corynetes'', the Abra Malaga toad, is a species of toad in the family Bufonidae that is endemic to Peru and only found in the region of the type locality in the Urubamba Province. Its natural habitats are forest edges restricted to the zone of puna grassland The puna grassland ecoregion, part of the Andean montane grasslands and shrublands biome, is found in the central Andes Mountains of South America. It is considered one of the eight Natural Regions in Peru,Pulgar Vidal, Javier: Geografía del Per ... directly adjacent to montane forest. Breeding habitat is unknown but probably aquatic. It is a very rare species but there are no immediate threats to it. References corynetes Amphibians described in 1991 Amphibians of the Andes Amphibians of Peru Endemic fauna of Peru Taxonomy articles created by Polbot {{Bufonidae-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
True Toad
A true toad is any member of the family Bufonidae, in the order Anura (frogs and toads). This is the only family of anurans in which all members are known as toads, although some may be called frogs (such as harlequin frogs). The bufonids now comprise more than 35 genera, '' Bufo'' being the best known. History Bufonidae is thought to have originated in South America. Some studies date the origin of the group to after the breakup of Gondwana, about 78–99 million years ago in the Late Cretaceous. In contrast, other studies have dated the origin of the group to the early Paleocene. The bufonids likely radiated out of South America during the Eocene, with the entire radiation occurring during the Eocene to Oligocene, marking an extremely rapid divergence likely facilitated by the Paleogene's changing climatic conditions. Taxonomy The following phylogeny of most genera in the family is based on Portik and Papenfuss, 2015:, Chan ''et al.'', 2016, Chandramouli ''et al.'', 201 ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Albert Günther
Albert Karl Ludwig Gotthilf Günther , also Albert Charles Lewis Gotthilf Günther (3October 18301February 1914), was a German-born British zoologist, ichthyologist, and herpetologist. Günther is ranked the second-most productive reptile taxonomist (after George Albert Boulenger) with more than 340 reptile species described. Early life and career Günther was born in Esslingen in Swabia ( Württemberg). His father was a ''Stiftungs-Commissar'' in Esslingen and his mother was Eleonora Nagel. He initially schooled at the Stuttgart Gymnasium. His family wished him to train for the ministry of the Lutheran Church for which he moved to the University of Tübingen. A brother shifted from theology to medicine, and he, too, turned to science and medicine at Tübingen in 1852. His first work was "''Ueber den Puppenzustand eines Distoma''" (On the pupal state of ''Distoma''). He graduated in medicine with an M.D. from Tübingen in 1858, the same year in which he published a handbook ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Species
A species () is often defined as the largest group of organisms in which any two individuals of the appropriate sexes or mating types can produce fertile offspring, typically by sexual reproduction. It is the basic unit of Taxonomy (biology), classification and a taxonomic rank of an organism, as well as a unit of biodiversity. Other ways of defining species include their karyotype, DNA sequence, morphology (biology), morphology, behaviour, or ecological niche. In addition, palaeontologists use the concept of the chronospecies since fossil reproduction cannot be examined. The most recent rigorous estimate for the total number of species of eukaryotes is between 8 and 8.7 million. About 14% of these had been described by 2011. All species (except viruses) are given a binomial nomenclature, two-part name, a "binomen". The first part of a binomen is the name of a genus to which the species belongs. The second part is called the specific name (zoology), specific name or the specific ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Synonym (taxonomy)
In taxonomy, the scientific classification of living organisms, a synonym is an alternative scientific name for the accepted scientific name of a taxon. The Botanical nomenclature, botanical and Zoological nomenclature, zoological codes of nomenclature treat the concept of synonymy differently. * In nomenclature, botanical nomenclature, a synonym is a Binomial nomenclature, scientific name that applies to a taxon that now goes by a different scientific name. For example, Carl Linnaeus, Linnaeus was the first to give a scientific name (under the currently used system of scientific nomenclature) to the Norway spruce, which he called ''Pinus abies''. This name is no longer in use, so it is now a synonym of the current scientific name, ''Picea abies''. * In zoology, moving a species from one genus to another results in a different Binomial nomenclature, binomen, but the name is considered an alternative combination rather than a synonym. The concept of synonymy in zoology is reserved f ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Bufo
''Bufo'' is a genus of true toads in the amphibian family Bufonidae. As traditionally defined, it was a wastebasket genus containing a large number of toads from much of the world but following taxonomic reviews most of these have been moved to other genera, leaving only seventeen extant species from Europe, northern Africa and Asia in this genus, including the well-known common toad (''B. bufo''). Some of the genera that contain species formerly placed in ''Bufo'' are '' Anaxyrus'' (many North American species), '' Bufotes'' ( European green toad and relatives), '' Duttaphrynus'' (many Asian species, including the Asian common toad introduced elsewhere), '' Epidalea'' (natterjack toad) and '' Rhinella'' (many Latin American species, including the cane toad introduced elsewhere). Description True toads have in common stocky figures and short legs, which make them relatively poor jumpers. Their dry skin is thick and "warty". Behind their eyes, ''Bufo'' species have wart-lik ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
George Albert Boulenger
George Albert Boulenger (19 October 1858 – 23 November 1937) was a Belgian-British zoologist who described and gave scientific names to over 2,000 new animal species, chiefly fish, reptiles, and amphibians. Boulenger was also an active botanist during the last 30 years of his life, especially in the study of roses. Life Boulenger was born in Brussels, Belgium, the only son of Gustave Boulenger, a Belgian public notary, and Juliette Piérart, from Valenciennes. He graduated in 1876 from the Free University of Brussels (1834–1969), Free University of Brussels with a degree in natural sciences, and worked for a while at the Royal Belgian Institute of Natural Sciences, Brussels, as an assistant naturalist studying amphibians, reptiles, and fishes. He also made frequent visits during this time to the ''National Museum of Natural History (France), Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle'' in Paris and the Natural History Museum, London, British Museum in London. Boulenger develop ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Darrel Frost
Darrel Richmond Frost (born 1951) is an American Herpetology, herpetologist and systematist. He was previously head curator of herpetology at the American Museum of Natural History, as well as president of both the Society for the Study of Amphibians and Reptiles (1998) and the American Society of Ichthyologists and Herpetologists (2006). Four taxa are named in his honor: the toad genus ''Frostius'' (which includes Frostius pernambucensis, Frost's Toad), the tree frog ''Dendropsophus, Dendropsophus frosti'', Darrel's Chorus Frog ''Microhyla darreli'', and Frost's arboreal alligator lizard ''Abronia frosti''. Life Frost became interested in animals after witnessing his father kill a rattlesnake at the age of four. He earned a B.S. in biology from the University of Arizona in 1973, an M.S. in zoology from Louisiana State University in 1978, and a Ph.D. in ecology and systematics from the University of Kansas in 1988. He became an adjunct professor at Columbia University in 2000. In ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
