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Nairobi Sheep Disease Orthonairovirus
Nairobi sheep disease virus (NSDV), also known as Ganjam virus, is a species in the genus '' Orthonairovirus'' belonging to the Nairobi sheep disease serogroup. NSDV is enzootic, becoming epizootic when denser populations of susceptible animals are exposed to infection. NSDV's known hosts belong to the hard tick family Ixodidae, including ''Rhipicephalus appendiculatus'', and '' Amblyomma variegatum'', and afflict sheep and goats naturally. The virus is in the family Nairoviridae and order Bunyavirales. Symptoms Symptoms of an animal infected with NSDV may include fever, reduction in white blood cells, rapid respiration, anorexia, profound depression, diarrhea, drop in body temperature, premature abortion, and eventually death. History NSDV was first recognised in 1917 as the causative agent of a disease that was affecting sheep transported from the Maasai region of Kenya for sale in the Nairobi livestock markets, where a 70% mortality rate was recorded for local breeds shee ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Orthonairovirus
''Orthonairovirus'' is a genus of viruses in the family '' Nairoviridae'' of the order '' Hareavirales'' which includes viruses with circular, negative-sense single stranded RNA. The name is derived from the Nairobi sheep disease which affects the gastrointestinal tracts of sheep and goats. All viruses in this genus are tick-borne viruses with human or other vertebrate hosts. Structure The virions for viruses in this genus have a spherical shape. They range in size from about 80–120 nm in diameter, with 50% of their weight attributed to proteins and 20–30% of their weight attributed to lipids. The ribonucleocapsid is filamentous, having a length of about 200-300 nm and a width of about 2–2.5 nm. These nucleocapsids are surrounded by a single envelope that has projections made of glycoproteins protruding from its surface. These projections evenly cover the surface of the virion, and are about 5–10 nm long. They aid in attachment to the host r ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Maasai Mara
Maasai Mara, sometimes also spelt Masai Mara and locally known simply as The Mara, is a large national game reserve in Narok County, Kenya, contiguous with the Serengeti National Park in Tanzania. It is named in honour of the Maasai people, the ancestral inhabitants of the area, who migrated to the area from the Nile Basin. Their description of the area when looked at from afar: "Mara" means "spotted" in the Maa language because of the short bushy trees which dot the landscape. Maasai Mara is one of the wildlife conservation and wilderness areas in Africa, with its populations of lions, leopards, cheetahs and African bush elephants. It also hosts the Great Migration, which secured it as one of the Seven Natural Wonders of Africa, and as one of the ten Wonders of the World. The Great Migration usually happens in July depending on weather as the wildebeest moves in large numbers crossing the Mara River from Tanzania. The Greater Mara ecosystem encompasses areas known as ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Bonnet Macaque
The bonnet macaque (''Macaca radiata''), also known as zati,Chambers English Dictionary is a species of macaque endemism, endemic to southern India. Its distribution is limited by the Indian Ocean on three sides and the Godavari River, Godavari and Tapti Rivers, along with its related competitor the rhesus macaque in the north. Land use changes in the last few decades have resulted in changes in its distribution boundaries with the rhesus macaque, raising concern for its status in the wild. The bonnet macaque is diurnality, diurnal, arboreal, and terrestrial. Males have a head-body length of with a tail while females are with a tail. Males weigh and females . It can live up to 35 years in captivity. The bonnet macaque feeds on fruits, nuts, seeds, flowers, invertebrates, and cereals. In southern India, this macaque exists as commensal to humans, feeding on food given by humans and raiding crops and houses. Taxonomy Two subspecies of bonnet macaques have been identified: ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Colobinae
The Colobinae or leaf-eating monkeys are a family (biology), subfamily of the Old World monkey family that includes 61 species in 11 genus, genera, including the black-and-white colobus, the large-nosed proboscis monkey, and the gray langurs. Some classifications split the colobine monkeys into two tribes, while others split them into three groups. Both classifications put the three African genera ''Black-and-white colobus, Colobus'', ''Red colobus, Piliocolobus'', and ''Olive colobus, Procolobus'' in one group; these genera are distinct in that they have stub thumbs (Greek κολοβός ''kolobós'' = "docked"). The various Asian genera are placed into another one or two groups. Analysis of Mitochondrial DNA, mtDNA confirms the Asian species form two distinct groups, one of langurs and the other of the "odd-nosed" species, but are inconsistent as to the relationships of the gray langurs; some studies suggest that the gray langurs are not closely related to either of these groups ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Blue Duiker
The blue duiker (''Philantomba monticola'') is a small antelope found in central, southern and eastern Africa. It is the smallest species of duiker. The species was first described by Swedish naturalist Carl Peter Thunberg in 1789. 12 subspecies are identified. The blue duiker reaches at the shoulder and weighs . Sexually dimorphic, the females are slightly larger than the males. The dark tail measures slightly above . It has short, spiky horns, around long and hidden in hair tufts. The subspecies show a great degree of variation in their colouration. The blue duiker bears a significant resemblance to Maxwell's duiker. Activity is diurnal (limited to daytime). Secretive and cautious, the blue duiker confines itself to the forest fringes. Territorial, individuals of opposite sexes form pairs and occupy territories, nearly large and marked by preorbital gland secretions. The blue duiker feeds on fallen fruits, foliage, flowers and pieces of bark, provided mainly by the for ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Natural Reservoir
In Infection, infectious disease ecology and epidemiology, a natural reservoir, also known as a disease reservoir or a reservoir of infection, is the population of organisms or the specific environment in which an infectious pathogen naturally lives and reproduces, or upon which the pathogen primarily depends for its survival. A reservoir is usually a living Host (biology), host of a certain species, such as an animal or a plant, inside of which a pathogen survives, often (though not always) without causing disease for the reservoir itself. By some definitions a reservoir may also be an environment external to an organism, such as a volume of contaminated air or water. Because of the enormous variety of infectious microorganisms capable of causing disease, precise definitions for what constitutes a natural reservoir are numerous, various, and often conflicting. The reservoir concept applies only for pathogens capable of infecting more than one host population and only with respect ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Sheep
Sheep (: sheep) or domestic sheep (''Ovis aries'') are a domesticated, ruminant mammal typically kept as livestock. Although the term ''sheep'' can apply to other species in the genus '' Ovis'', in everyday usage it almost always refers to domesticated sheep. Like all ruminants, sheep are members of the order Artiodactyla, the even-toed ungulates. Numbering a little over one billion, domestic sheep are also the most numerous species of sheep. An adult female is referred to as a ''ewe'' ( ), an intact male as a ''ram'', occasionally a ''tup'', a castrated male as a ''wether'', and a young sheep as a ''lamb''. Sheep are most likely descended from the wild mouflon of Europe and Asia, with Iran being a geographic envelope of the domestication center. One of the earliest animals to be domesticated for agricultural purposes, sheep are raised for fleeces, meat ( lamb, hogget or mutton), and milk. A sheep's wool is the most widely used animal fiber, and is usually harvested by ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Nairobi, Kenya
Nairobi is the capital and largest city of Kenya. The city lies in the south-central part of Kenya, at an elevation of . The name is derived from the Maasai phrase , which translates to 'place of cool waters', a reference to the Nairobi River which flows through the city. The city proper had a population of 4,397,073 in the 2019 census. Nairobi is home of the Kenyan Parliament Buildings and hosts thousands of Kenyan businesses and international companies and organisations, including the United Nations Environment Programme (UN Environment) and the United Nations Office at Nairobi (UNON). Nairobi is an established hub for business and culture. The Nairobi Securities Exchange (NSE) is one of the largest stock exchanges in Africa and the second-oldest exchange on the continent. It is Africa's fourth-largest stock exchange in terms of trading volume, capable of making 10 million trades a day. It also contains the Nairobi National Park. Nairobi joined the UNESCO Global Networ ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Kenya
Kenya, officially the Republic of Kenya, is a country located in East Africa. With an estimated population of more than 52.4 million as of mid-2024, Kenya is the 27th-most-populous country in the world and the 7th most populous in Africa. Kenya's capital and largest city is Nairobi. Its second-largest and oldest city is Mombasa, a major port city located on Mombasa Island. Other major cities within the country include Kisumu, Nakuru & Eldoret. Going clockwise, Kenya is bordered by South Sudan to the northwest (though much of that border includes the disputed Ilemi Triangle), Ethiopia to the north, Somalia to the east, the Indian Ocean to the southeast, Tanzania to the southwest, and Lake Victoria and Uganda to the west. Kenya's geography, climate and population vary widely. In western, rift valley counties, the landscape includes cold, snow-capped mountaintops (such as Batian, Nelion and Point Lenana on Mount Kenya) with vast surrounding forests, wildlife and ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Bunyavirales
''Bunyaviricetes'' is a class of segmented negative-strand RNA viruses with mainly tripartite genomes. Member viruses infect arthropods, plants, protozoans, and vertebrates. The name ''Bunyaviricetes'' derives from Bunyamwera, where the virus Bunyamwera virus was first discovered. Bunyaviruses belong to the fifth group of the Baltimore classification, Baltimore classification system, which includes viruses with a Sense (molecular biology), negative-sense, single-stranded RNA genome. They have an Viral envelope, enveloped, spherical virion. Though generally found in arthropods or rodents, certain viruses in this class occasionally infect humans. Some of them also infect plants. In addition, there is a group of bunyaviruses whose replication is restricted to arthropods and is known as insect-specific bunyaviruses. A majority of bunyaviruses are vector-borne. With the exception of Hantaviruses and Arenaviruses, all viruses in the ''Bunyaviricetes'' class are Arbovirus, transmitted ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Enzootic
Enzootic describes the situation where a disease or pathogen is continuously present in at least one species of non-human animal in a particular region. It is the non-human equivalent of endemic. In epizoology, an infection is said to be "''enzootic''" in a population when the infection is maintained in the population without the need for external inputs (''cf''. endemic). See also *Epizootic In epizoology, an epizootic (or epizoötic, from Greek: ''epi-'' "upon" + ''zoon'' "animal") is a disease event in a nonhuman animal population analogous to an epidemic in humans. An epizootic disease (or ) may occur in a specific locale (an ... Biodiversity {{Veterinary-med-stub Pathology Epidemiology ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
