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Nagada
Naqada ( Egyptian Arabic: ; Coptic language: ; Ancient Greek: , Ancient Egyptian: ''Nbyt'') is a town on the west bank of the Nile in Qena Governorate, Egypt, situated ca. 20 km north of Luxor. It includes the villages of Tukh, Khatara, Danfiq, and Zawayda. According to the 1960 census, it is one of the most uninhabited areas and had only 3,000 inhabitants, mostly of Christian faith who preserved elements of the Coptic language up until the 1930s. The ancient town contained a cemetery that held approximately 2,000 graves. The first person to excavate the site was archaeologist Sir Flinders Petrie in 1894. Petrie was working for the Egypt Exploration Fund (now the Egypt Exploration Society) when he excavated the site. Some of the findings during the excavation included artifacts from the Amratian (Naqada I) and the Gerzeh (Naqada II). Archaeology Naqada stands near the site of a prehistoric Egyptian necropolis: The town, called Ombos, was the centre of the cult of S ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Naqada Culture
The Naqada culture is an archaeological culture of Chalcolithic Predynastic Egypt (c. 4000–3000 BC), named for the town of Naqada, Qena Governorate. A 2013 Oxford University radiocarbon dating study of the Predynastic period suggests a beginning date sometime between 3,800 and 3,700 BC. The final phase of the Naqada culture is Naqada III, which is coterminous with the Protodynastic Period of Ancient Egypt, Protodynastic Period (Early Bronze Age ) in ancient Egypt. Chronology William Flinders Petrie The Naqada period was first divided by the British Egyptologist William Matthew Flinders Petrie, who explored the site in 1894, into three sub-periods: *Naqada I: Amratian (after the cemetery near El-Amrah, Egypt) *Naqada II: Gerzean (after the cemetery near Gerzeh) *Naqada III: Semainean (after the cemetery near Es-Semaina) Werner Kaiser Petrie's chronology was superseded by that of Werner Kaiser (Egyptologist), Werner Kaiser in 1957. Kaiser's chronology began c. 4000 BC, but th ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Amratian Culture
The Amratian culture, also called Naqada I, was an archaeological culture of prehistoric Upper Egypt. It lasted approximately from 4000 to 3500 BC. Overview The Amratian culture is named after the archaeological site of el-Amrah, located around south of Badari in Upper Egypt. El-Amrah was the first site where this culture group was found without being mingled with the later Gerzeh culture (Naqada II). However, this period is better attested at the Nagada site, thus it also is referred to as the Naqada I culture. Black-topped pottery continued to be produced, but white cross-line pottery, a type which has been decorated with close parallel white lines being crossed by another set of close parallel white lines, begins to be produced during this time. The Amratian falls between S.D. 30 and 39 in Flinders Petrie's sequence dating system. Trade between the Amratian culture bearers in Upper Egypt and populations of Lower Egypt is attested during this time through new excavated obj ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Subdivisions Of Egypt
Egypt is administratively organized under a dual system that may consist of either two or three tiers, with further subdivisions occasionally resulting in an additional layer. It follows a Centralization, centralized system of local government, officially termed local administration, as it functions as a part of the Executive (government), executive branch of the government. Overview Egyptian law delineates the units of local governance as governorates, centers, cities, districts, and villages, each possessing legal personality. The legal framework establishes a dual system of local administration that alternates between a two-tier and a three-tier structure, depending on the characteristics of the governorate. At the top of the hierarchy are 27 governorates (singular: ', plural: '). Each governorate has a capital, typically its largest city, and is headed by a governor, appointed by the President of Egypt, serving at the president’s discretion. Governors hold the civilian ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Necropolis
A necropolis (: necropolises, necropoles, necropoleis, necropoli) is a large, designed cemetery with elaborate tomb monuments. The name stems from the Ancient Greek ''nekropolis'' (). The term usually implies a separate burial site at a distance from a city, as opposed to tombs within cities, which were common in various places and periods of history. They are different from grave fields, which did not have structures or markers above the ground. While the word is most commonly used for ancient sites, the name was revived in the early 19th century and applied to planned city cemeteries, such as the Glasgow Necropolis. In the ancient world Egypt Ancient Egypt is noted for multiple necropoleis and they are major archaeological sites for Egyptology.. Ancient Egyptian funerary practices and beliefs about the afterlife led to the construction of several extensive necropoleis to secure and provision the dead in the hereafter. Probably the best-known one is the Giza Necropolis. ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Acheulean
Acheulean (; also Acheulian and Mode II), from the French after the type site of Saint-Acheul, is an archaeological industry of stone tool manufacture characterized by the distinctive oval and pear-shaped "hand axes" associated with ''Homo erectus'' and derived species such as ''Homo heidelbergensis''. Acheulean tools were produced during the Lower Palaeolithic era across Africa and much of West Asia, South Asia, East Asia and Europe, and are typically found with ''Homo erectus'' remains. It is thought that Acheulean technologies first developed about 2 million years ago, derived from the more primitive Oldowan technology associated with ''Homo habilis''. The Acheulean includes at least the early part of the Middle Paleolithic. Its end is not well defined; if Sangoan (also known as Epi-Acheulean) is included, it may be taken to last until as late as 130,000 years ago. In Europe and Western Asia, early Neanderthals adopted Acheulean technology, transitioning to Mouste ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Haifa
Haifa ( ; , ; ) is the List of cities in Israel, third-largest city in Israel—after Jerusalem and Tel Aviv—with a population of in . The city of Haifa forms part of the Haifa metropolitan area, the third-most populous metropolitan area in Israel. It is home to the Baháʼí Faith's Baháʼí World Centre, and is a UNESCO World Heritage Site and a destination for Baháʼí pilgrimage. Built on the slopes of Mount Carmel, the settlement has a history spanning more than 3,000 years. The earliest known settlement in the vicinity was Tell Abu Hawam, a small port city established in the Late Bronze Age (14th century BCE).Encyclopaedia Judaica, Encyclopedia Judaica, ''Haifa'', Keter Publishing, Jerusalem, 1972, vol. 7, pp. 1134–1139 In the 3rd century CE, Haifa was known as a Tool and die maker, dye-making center. Over the millennia, the Haifa area has changed hands: being conquered and ruled by the Canaanites, History of ancient Israel and Judah, Israelites, Phoenicians, Assy ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Stargate
''Stargate'' is a military science fiction media franchise owned by Amazon MGM Studios. It is based on Stargate (film), the film directed by Roland Emmerich, which he co-wrote with producer Dean Devlin; production company StudioCanal owns the rights to the original film. The franchise is based on the idea of an alien wormhole (specifically an Einstein–Rosen bridge) device (the Stargate (device), Stargate) that enables nearly teleportation, instantaneous travel across the cosmos. The franchise began with the film Stargate (film), ''Stargate'', released on October 28, 1994, by Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer and Carolco, which grossed United States dollar, US$197million worldwide. In 1997, Brad Wright and Jonathan Glassner created a television series titled ''Stargate SG-1'' as a sequel to the film. This show was joined by ''Stargate Atlantis'' in 2004, ''Stargate Universe'' in 2009, and a prequel web series, ''Stargate Origins'', in 2018. Also consistent with the same story are a variety o ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Sebakh
Sebakh (, less commonly transliterated as ''sebbakh'') is an Arabic word that translates to "fertilizer". In English, the term is primarily used to describe decomposed mudbricks from archaeological sites, which is an organic material that can be employed both as an agricultural fertilizer and as a fuel for fires. Composition Most sebakh consists of ancient, deteriorated mudbrick, a primary building material in ancient Egypt. This material is composed of ancient mud mixed with the nitrous compost of the hay and stubble that the bricks were originally formulated with to give added strength before being baked in the sun. Affecting archaeology A common practice in Egypt, in the late nineteenth and early twentieth century, was for farmers to obtain government permits to remove this material from ancient mounds; such farmers were known as ''sebakhin''. Mounds indicating the location of ancient cities are also known as a '' tell'', or ''tel''. An archaeological site could provide an ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Washington State University
Washington State University (WSU, or colloquially Wazzu) is a Public university, public Land-grant university, land-grant research university in Pullman, Washington, United States. Founded in 1890, WSU is also one of the oldest Land-grant university, land-grant universities in the Western United States, American West. With an undergraduate enrollment of 24,278 and a total enrollment of 28,581, it is the second largest institution of higher education in Washington state behind the University of Washington. It is Carnegie Classification of Institutions of Higher Education, classified among "R1: Doctoral Universities – Very high research activity". The WSU Pullman campus stands on a hill and is characterized by open spaces and a red brick and basalt material palette—materials originally found on site. The university sits within the rolling topography of the Palouse in rural eastern Washington and remains closely connected to the town and the region. The university also operat ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Fekri Hassan
Fekri Hassan is a geoarchaeologist. After studying geology and anthropology, Hassan commenced teaching at Washington State University department of Anthropology in 1974. From 1988 to 1990 he acted as advisor to the Ministry of Culture of Egypt. Currently professor ''emeritus'', he had formerly held the chair of Petrie Professor of Archaeology (1994-2008) of the Institute of Archaeology and department of Egyptology of University College London. Program Director Master's of Cultural Heritage Management, French University of Egypt in partnership with the Paris-Sorbonne University. Editor of the ''African Archaeological Review The ''African Archaeological Review'' is a peer-reviewed journal focusing on current African archaeology. Contents included in the journal range from the evolution of modern humans, advancements of human culture, and basic African contributions t ...'' journal, contributory editor of ''The Review of Archaeology'' he is also honorary president of the ''Egyp ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Evolution Of Egyptian Prehistoric Pottery Styles, From Naqada I To Naqada II And Naqada III
Evolution is the change in the heritable Phenotypic trait, characteristics of biological populations over successive generations. It occurs when evolutionary processes such as natural selection and genetic drift act on genetic variation, resulting in certain characteristics becoming more or less common within a population over successive generations. The process of evolution has given rise to biodiversity at every level of biological organisation. The scientific theory of evolution by natural selection was conceived independently by two British naturalists, Charles Darwin and Alfred Russel Wallace, in the mid-19th century as an explanation for why organisms are adapted to their physical and biological environments. The theory was first set out in detail in Darwin's book ''On the Origin of Species''. Evolution by natural selection is established by observable facts about living organisms: (1) more offspring are often produced than can possibly survive; (2) phenotypic variatio ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Jacques De Morgan
Jean-Jacques de Morgan (3 June 1857 – 14 June 1924) was a French mining engineer, geologist, and archaeologist. He was the director of antiquities in Egypt during the 19th century, and excavated in Memphis and Dahshur, providing many drawings of many Egyptian pyramids. He also worked at Stonehenge, and Persepolis, and many other sites. He also went to Russian Armenia, as manager of a copper mine at Akhtala. "The Caucasus is of special interest in the study of the origins of metals; it is the easternmost point from which prehistoric remains are known; older than Europe and Greece, it still retains the traces of those civilizations that were the cradle of our own." In 1887-89 he unearthed 576 graves around Alaverdi and Akhatala, near the Tiflis- Alexandropol railway line. Early life He was born in Huisseau-sur-Cosson, Loir-et-Cher. His father Eugène, also called "Baron" de Morgan, was an engineer in mineral findings. His interests were in entomology and pre ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
