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NSI-63
NSI-63 is a railway signaling system used for interlocking on the Norwegian railway network. It is based on relays and was developed by Norsk Signal Industri for the Norwegian State Railways (NSB) during the early 1960s. The systems are installed at railway stations and passing loops and consist of single relays built form drawings. The system is simple, robust and economical for smaller stations on single-track railways. The system makes use of track circuits for train detection. History NSB-63 was based on NSB-EB, the very first automatic interlocking system used in Norway. NSB-63 is the most common system used in Norway, with about 220 installed interlockings belonging to the Norwegian National Rail Administration. This is more than the combined number of other interlocking systems. About 140 of the systems were installed during the 1960s, with about 80 installed during the 1970s.Norwegian National Rail Administration (2009a): 39 NSB later developed a series of modified version ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Railway Signaling
Railway signalling (), or railroad signaling (), is a system used to control the movement of railway traffic. Trains move on fixed rails, making them uniquely susceptible to collision. This susceptibility is exacerbated by the enormous weight and inertia of a train, which makes it difficult to quickly stop when encountering an obstacle. In the UK, the Regulation of Railways Act 1889 introduced a series of requirements on matters such as the implementation of interlocked block signalling and other safety measures as a direct result of the Armagh rail disaster in that year. Most forms of train control involve movement authority being passed from those responsible for each section of a rail network (e.g. a signalman or stationmaster) to the train crew. The set of rules and the physical equipment used to accomplish this determine what is known as the ''method of working'' (UK), ''method of operation'' (US) or ''safe-working'' (Aus.). Not all these methods require the use of p ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Oslo Central Station
Oslo Central Station (, abbreviated ) is the main railway station in Oslo, and the largest railway station within the entire Norwegian railway system. It connects with Jernbanetorget station, which is served by trams and the Oslo Metro. It's the terminus of Drammen Line, Gardermoen Line, Gjøvik Line, Hoved Line, Østfold Line and Follo Line. It serves express, regional and local rail services by four companies. The railway station is operated by Bane NOR while its real estate subsidiary, Bane NOR Eiendom owns the station, and was opened in 1980. Oslo Central Station was built on the site of the older Oslo East Station (', ), the combining of the former east and west stations being made possible by the opening of the Oslo Tunnel. Oslo Central Station has 19 tracks, 12 of which have connections through the Oslo Tunnel. The station has two buildings, the original Oslo East building and the newer main building for Oslo Central. Each building houses a large shopping cent ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Norway/Vänern Line
Norway/Vänern Line () is a Y-shaped railway line in Sweden. The main section runs from Gothenburg Central Station to Kil Station, mostly along the west shore of Vänern. There is a branch from Erikstad to the Norway–Sweden border at Kornsjø, from which it continues as the Østfold Line to Oslo. The lengths of the line are from Gothenburg to Erikstad, from Gothenburg to Kornsjø and from Gothenburg to Kil. The line is single track, except for the section from Gothenburg to Öxnered, which is double track. History The railways were finished in 1879. A shortcut at Erikstad was built for the Norway branch in 1995. The section from Gothenburg to Öxnered was rebuilt as a new double-track railway in the period 2005-2012. The current name was introduced in 1990. From the construction until then, the name was Bergslagen Line, between Gothenburg, through Kil, to Falun, later Gävle. The line to Norway then started at Mellerud and was called Dalsland Line. Traffic As of 2018 ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Värmland Line
The Värmland Line (), previously known as the Northwestern Main Line () is a long railway line between Laxå and the Norway–Sweden border at Charlottenberg Station. In Norway, the line continues as the Kongsvinger Line. Passenger train stops are: *Charlottenberg *Åmotfors *Arvika *Edane *Högboda *Lene *Fagerås * Kil * Karlstad C *Välsviken *Kristinehamn *Degerfors *Laxå Laxå is a locality and the seat of Laxå Municipality in Örebro County, Sweden with 3,064 inhabitants in 2010. History The town was founded in the mid-19th century when the main line railway between Gothenburg and Stockholm Stockholm (; ... Railway lines in Sweden {{Sweden-transport-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Swedish Transport Administration
The Swedish Transport Administration () is a government agency in Sweden, controlled by the Riksdag and the Government of Sweden. It is responsible for long-term infrastructure planning for transport: road, rail, shipping and aviation. It owns, constructs, operates and maintains all state-owned roads and railways and operates many car ferry services. The agency is a member of the Nordic Road Association. For shipping and aviation, it only does planning and purchasing unprofitable traffic. Trafikverket does not do practical physical work to construct or maintain roads or railways, because that is done by separate companies which Trafikverket write contracts with and pay. History A special committee oversaw the effectiveness of the Swedish transport agencies during 2008 and 2009. A conclusion was reached that there would be significant gains compared with the then-present situation if a new agency responsible for long-term planning of the transport system for road, rail, maritime a ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Norwegian Broadcasting Corporation
The Norwegian Broadcasting Corporation (), commonly known by its initialism NRK, is a Norwegian state-run, government-influenced radio and television public broadcasting company. The NRK broadcasts three national TV channels and thirteen national radio channels on digital terrestrial television, digital terrestrial radio and subscription television. They also offer an online video on-demand and podcast streaming service, and produce online and broadcast news. The NRK is a founding member of the European Broadcasting Union and a member of the Norwegian Press Association. Financing Until the start of 2020, about 94% of NRK's funding came from a mandatory annual licence fee payable by anyone who owns or uses a TV or device capable of receiving TV broadcasts. The remainder came from commercial activities such as programme and DVD sales, spin-off products, and certain types of sponsorships. NRK's license income in 2012 was more than 5 billion NOK. In the autumn of 2015, the ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Norwegian Krone
The krone (, currency sign, abbreviation: kr (also NKr for distinction); ISO 4217, code: NOK), plural ''kroner'', is the currency of the Kingdom of Norway (including List of possessions of Norway, overseas territories and dependencies). It was traditionally known as the Norwegian Crown (currency), crown in English; however, this has fallen out of common usage. It is nominally subdivided into 100 ''øre'', although the last coins denominated in øre were withdrawn in 2012. The krone was the thirteenth-most-traded currency in the world by value in April 2010, down three positions from 2007. The Norwegian krone is also informally accepted in many shops in Sweden and Finland that are close to the Norwegian border, and also in some shops in the Danish ferry ports of Hirtshals and Frederikshavn. Norwegians spent 14.1 billion NOK on border trade, border shopping in 2015 compared to 10.5 billion NOK spent in 2010. Border shopping is a fairly common practice amongst Norwegians, though i ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Eastern Østfold Line
The Eastern Østfold Line () is a railway line which runs between Ski, Norway, Ski and Sarpsborg. It follows a more eastern route than the Østfold Line, with which it adjoins at both Ski Station and Sarpsborg Station, serving the Indre Østfold district. The line is single track (rail), single track and railway electrification system, electrified. The Eastern Line serves the hourly R22 services of the Oslo Commuter Rail, operated by Vy. There is no regular traffic south of Rakkestad Station, although the line can be used for freight trains when the Western Line is closed. The line was built at the same time as the Østfold Line, but opened three years later, on 24 November 1882. Stations were designed by Balthazar Lange. The Eastern Line has always featured fewer trains and had a lower standard. The line was electrified in 1958. It became the first line in Norway to feature the European Rail Traffic Management System, becoming operational in 2015. Route The Eastern Østfold Li ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Stavanger Aftenblad
(; ) or simply ''Aftenbladet'' is a daily newspaper based in Stavanger, Norway, and owned by Schibsted Media Group. Norwegian owners held 42 percent of the shares in Schibsted at the end of 2015. is thus majority foreign-owned. History and profile was founded in 1893 by the priest Lars Oftedal, and was for a long period a publication for the Norwegian Liberal Party. The paper is based in Stavanger and is owned by the Media Norge, a subsidiary of the Schibsted company. The online version of had an English news service, aimed at the English speaking foreign community in Norway who were not fluent in the language, and international audiences interested in Norway. The English service closed in January 2009 due to the 2008 financial crisis The 2008 financial crisis, also known as the global financial crisis (GFC), was a major worldwide financial crisis centered in the United States. The causes of the 2008 crisis included excessive speculation on housing values by both ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Norwegian Railway Inspectorate
The Norwegian Railway Authority () is a Norwegian government agency responsible for practical control and supervision of rail transport in Norway, including railways, tramways, rapid transits, heritage railways and side tracks. The agency was created on October 1, 1996, when the function was removed from the Norwegian State Railways. The inspectorate is subordinate to the Norwegian Ministry of Transport and Communications and is located in Oslo. The Norwegian Railway Authority directs its efforts towards ensuring that rail traffic, cableways, fairgrounds and technical devices in amusement parks is operated in a safe and appropriate manner in the best interests of passengers/users, companies, employees and the general public. The Authority is responsible for ensuring that rail operators meet the conditions and requirements set out in rail legislation that governs the traffic. The authority is also responsible for drawing up regulations, awarding licences for rail activity and a ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Merkur (signaling)
Merkur (, '' Mercury'') is a North American brand of automobiles marketed by the Lincoln- Mercury division of Ford Motor Company for model years 1985–1989. Drawing its name from the German word for Mercury, Merkur, the brand targeted buyers of European executive cars, marketing two captive import models manufactured by Ford of Europe's German division. Following the 1989 model year, Lincoln-Mercury withdrew Merkur, making it one of the most short-lived automotive brands in modern American automotive history, lasting one model year longer than the Edsel. Background During the late 1970s and early 1980s in the United States and Canada, buyer preferences in the luxury-vehicle segment began shifting from once traditional Cadillac, Lincoln and Chrysler models towards more European-produced and inspired vehicles. As a response, the Japanese automotive industry launched luxury-oriented brands developed for North America, including Honda's Acura brand launched in 1985 and Nissan ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
GSM-R
GSM-R, Global System for Mobile Communications – Railway or GSM-Railway is an international wireless communications standard for railway communication and applications. A sub-system of European Rail Traffic Management System (ERTMS), it is used for communication between train and railway regulation control centers. The system is based on GSM and ''EIRENE – MORANE'' specifications which guarantee performance at speeds up to 500 km/h (310 mph), without any communication loss. GSM-R could be supplanted by LTE-R, with the first production implementation being in South Korea. However, LTE (telecommunication), LTE is generally considered to be a "4G" protocol, and the International Union of Railways, UIC's Future Railway Mobile Communication System (FRMCS) program is considering moving to something "5G"-based (specifically 3GPP R15/16, i.e. 5G NR), thus skipping two technological generations. History GSM-R is built on GSM technology, and benefits from the economie ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
