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NM-2201
NM-2201 (also known as CBL-2201 and NA-5F-PIC) is an indole-based synthetic cannabinoid that presumably has similar properties to the closely related 5F-PB-22 and NNE1, which are both full agonists and unselectively bind to CB1 and CB2 receptors with low nanomolar affinity. Pharmacology NM-2201 acts as a full agonist with a binding affinity of 0.332 nM at CB1 and 0.732 nM at CB2 cannabinoid receptors. It has been linked to serious adverse events in users. Legal status NM-2201 is specifically banned in Sweden, Germany (Anlage II), and Japan but is also controlled in many other jurisdictions under analogue laws. On May 30, 2018 the United States Drug Enforcement Administration, Department of Justice published a notice of intent to place NM-2201 and 4 other synthetic cannabinoids in schedule I of the Controlled Substances Act. This notice went into effect on June 29, 2018. Use NM-2201 was linked to an incident in December 2015 where 25-30 people in Ocala, FL ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Drugs Controlled By The German Betäubungsmittelgesetz
The following drugs are controlled by the German Narcotic Drugs Act ( or ). Trade and possession of these substances without licence or prescription is considered illegal; prescription is illegal for drugs on ''Anlage I'' and II and drugs on ''Anlage III'' require a special prescription form. ''Anlage I'' ''Anlage I'' controlled substances are non-tradable. Those substances are available only by special permission of the authorities, which is granted only for scientific or other public interest purposes. As well as ester, ether, stereoisomers and salts of the substances listed in ''Anlage I''. '' Anlage II'' ''Anlage II'' controlled substances are tradable, given special permission of the authorities, however not prescribable. Narcotics on ''Anlage II'' are usually needed for the production of other narcotics on ''Anlage III''. As well as ester, ether and salts of the substances listed in ''Anlage II''. ''Anlage III'' ''Anlage III'' controlled substances are tradable and ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
NNE1
NNE1 (also known as NNEI, MN-24 and AM-6527) is an indole-based synthetic cannabinoid, representing a molecular hybrid of APICA and JWH-018 that is an agonist for the cannabinoid receptors, with ''K''i values of 60.09 nM at CB1 and 45.298 nM at CB2 and EC50 values of 9.481 nM at CB1 and 1.008 nM at CB2. It was invented by Abbott and has a CB1 receptor pEC50 of 8.9 with around 80x selectivity over the related CB2 receptor. It is suspected that metabolic hydrolysis of the amide group of NNE1 may release 1-naphthylamine, a known carcinogen, given the known metabolic liberation (and presence as an impurity) of amantadine Amantadine, sold under the brand name Gocovri among others, is a medication used to treat dyskinesia associated with parkinsonism and influenza caused by type A influenzavirus, though its use for the latter is no longer recommended because ... in the related compound APINACA, and NNE1 was banned in New Zealand in 2012 as a ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
SDB-005
SDB-005 (also known as NA-PINAC using systematic EUDA nomenclature) is an indazole-based synthetic cannabinoid that has been sold online as a designer drug. It is presumed to be an agonist of the CB1 and CB2 cannabinoid receptors. SDB-005 is the indazole core analog of PB-22 where the 8-hydroxyquinoline has also been replaced with a naphthalene group. The code number SDB-005 was originally used for a different compound, the ''N''-phenyl instead of ''N''-benzyl analogue of SDB-006. This compound is a potent agonist of the CB1 receptor (Ki = 21 nM) and CB2 receptor (Ki = 140 nM). However, SDB-005 was subsequently used as the name for the indazole-3-carboxylate compound mentioned above when it was sold in Europe as a designer drug, and was entered into the EMCDDA synthetic drug database under this name. Consequently, there are now two distinct, yet fairly closely related cannabinoid compounds, which may both be referred to under the code SDB-005. See also * 5F-PB-22 * AM- ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
THJ-2201
THJ-2201 is an indazole-based synthetic cannabinoid that presumably acts as a potent agonist of the CB1 receptor, CB1 receptor and has been sold online as a designer drug. It is a structural analog of AM-2201 in which the central indole ring has been replaced by indazole. Pharmacology THJ-2201 acts as a full agonist with a Affinity (pharmacology)#Protein-ligand binding, binding affinity of 1.34 nM at Cannabinoid receptor type 1, CB1 and 1.32 nM at Cannabinoid receptor type 2, CB2 cannabinoid receptors. Side effects THJ-2201 has been linked to at least one hospitalization and death due to its use. Legal status It is classified as a Schedule I controlled substance in the United States. It is also an Drugs controlled by the German Betäubungsmittelgesetz, Anlage II controlled drug in Germany. See also * AM-694 * AM-1235 * AM-2232 * AM-2233 * FUBIMINA * JWH-018 * List of AM cannabinoids * List of JWH cannabinoids * NM-2201 * THJ-018 References {{Phenethylamines C ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
MAM-2201
MAM-2201 (4'-methyl-AM-2201, 5"-fluoro-JWH-122) is a drug that presumably acts as a potent agonist for the cannabinoid receptors. It had never previously been reported in the scientific or patent literature, and was first identified by laboratories in the Netherlands and Germany in June 2011 as an ingredient in synthetic cannabis smoking blends. Like RCS-4 and AB-001, MAM-2201 thus appears to be a novel compound invented by "research chemical" suppliers specifically for grey-market recreational use. Structurally, MAM-2201 is a hybrid of two known cannabinoid compounds JWH-122 and AM-2201, both of which had previously been used as active ingredients in synthetic cannabis blends before being banned in many countries. A study of MAM-2201 in rats showed that it causes neurofunctional disruptions. A later study demonstrated that MAM-2201 bound to and activated human CB1 and CB2 cannabinoid receptors and substituted for THC in THC drug discrimination in mice. Legal status In the Unit ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
EAM-2201
EAM-2201 (4'-ethyl-AM-2201, 5"-fluoro-JWH-210, SGT-14) is a drug that presumably acts as a potent agonist for the cannabinoid receptors. It had never previously been reported in the scientific or patent literature, and was first identified by laboratories in Japan in July 2012 as an ingredient in synthetic cannabis smoking blends Like the closely related MAM-2201 which had been first reported around a year earlier, EAM-2201 thus appears to be another novel compound invented by designer drug suppliers specifically for recreational use. Structurally, EAM-2201 is a hybrid of two known cannabinoid compounds JWH-210 and AM-2201, both of which had previously been used as active ingredients in synthetic cannabis blends before being banned in many countries. Pharmacology EAM-2201 acts as a full agonist with a binding affinity of 0.380 nM at CB1 and 0.371 nM at CB2 cannabinoid receptors. Legal status In the United States, all CB1 receptor agonists of the 3-(1-naphthoyl)indole ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Structural Scheduling Of Synthetic Cannabinoids
To combat the illicit synthetic cannabinoid industry many jurisdictions have created a system to control these cannabinoids through their general (or Markush structure, Markush) structure as opposed to their specific identity. In this way new analogs are already controlled before they are even created. A large number of cannabinoids have been grouped into classes based on similarities in their Structural formula, chemical structure, and these classes have been widely adopted across a variety of jurisdictions. Typical groups of compounds included for control may include naphthoylindoles, phenylacetylindoles, benzoylindoles, cyclohexylphenols, naphthylmethylindoles, naphthoylpyrroles, naphthylmethylindenes, indole-3-carboxamides, indole-3-carboxylates, indazole-3-carboxamides and sometimes others, each with specific substitutions on specific atoms of the molecule. The scope of definitions and the range of compounds included may vary substantially between jurisdictions, so compounds whi ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Designer Drugs
A designer drug is a structural or functional analog of a controlled substance that has been designed to mimic the pharmacological effects of the original drug, while avoiding classification as illegal and/or detection in standard drug tests. Designer drugs include psychoactive substances that have been designated by the European Union, Australia, and New Zealand, as new psychoactive substances (NPS) as well as analogs of performance-enhancing drugs such as designer steroids. Some of these designer drugs were originally synthesized by academic or industrial researchers in an effort to discover more potent derivatives with fewer side effects and shorter duration (and possibly also because it is easier to apply for patents for new molecules) and were later co-opted for recreational use. Other designer drugs were prepared for the first time in clandestine laboratories. Because the efficacy and safety of these substances have not been thoroughly evaluated in animal and human tr ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Organofluorides
Organofluorine chemistry describes the chemistry of organofluorine compounds, organic compounds that contain a carbon–fluorine bond. Organofluorine compounds find diverse applications ranging from oil and water repellents to pharmaceuticals, refrigerants, and reagents in catalysis. In addition to these applications, some organofluorine compounds are pollutants because of their contributions to ozone depletion, global warming, bioaccumulation, and toxicity. The area of organofluorine chemistry often requires special techniques associated with the handling of fluorinating agents. The carbon–fluorine bond Fluorine has several distinctive differences from all other substituents encountered in organic molecules. As a result, the physical and chemical properties of organofluorines can be distinctive in comparison to other organohalogens. # The carbon–fluorine bond is one of the strongest in organic chemistry (an average bond energy around 480 kJ/mol). This is significa ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
1-Naphthyl Compounds
Naphthalene is an organic compound with formula . It is the simplest polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon, and is a white crystalline solid with a characteristic odor that is detectable at concentrations as low as 0.08 ppm by mass. As an aromatic hydrocarbon, naphthalene's structure consists of a fused pair of benzene rings. It is the main ingredient of traditional mothballs. History In the early 1820s, two separate reports described a white solid with a pungent odor derived from the distillation of coal tar. In 1821, John Kidd cited these two disclosures and then described many of this substance's properties and the means of its production. He proposed the name ''naphthaline'', as it had been derived from a kind of naphtha (a broad term encompassing any volatile, flammable liquid hydrocarbon mixture, including coal tar). Naphthalene's chemical formula was determined by Michael Faraday in 1826. The structure of two fused benzene rings was proposed by Emil Erlenmeyer in 1866, a ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Indole
Indole is an organic compound with the formula . Indole is classified as an aromatic heterocycle. It has a bicyclic structure, consisting of a six-membered benzene ring fused to a five-membered pyrrole ring. Indoles are derivatives of indole where one or more of the hydrogen atoms have been replaced by substituent groups. Indoles are widely distributed in nature, most notably as amino acid tryptophan and neurotransmitter serotonin. General properties and occurrence Indole is a solid at room temperature. It occurs naturally in human feces and has an intense fecal odor. At very low concentrations, however, it has a flowery smell, and is a constituent of many perfumes. It also occurs in coal tar. It has been identified in cannabis. It is the main volatile compound in stinky tofu. When indole is a substituent on a larger molecule, it is called an ''indolyl group'' by systematic nomenclature. Indole undergoes electrophilic substitution, mainly at position 3 (see diagram in ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Synthetic Cannabinoid
Synthetic cannabinoids, or neocannabinoids, are a class of designer drug molecules that Binding affinity, bind to the same receptors to which cannabinoids (Tetrahydrocannabinol, THC, Cannabidiol, CBD and many others) in cannabis plants attach. These novel Psychoactive drug, psychoactive substances should not be confused with synthetic phytocannabinoids (obtained by chemical synthesis) or synthetic Cannabinoid, endocannabinoids from which they are distinct in many aspects. Typically, synthetic cannabinoids are sprayed onto plant matter and are usually smoked, although they have also been ingested as a concentrated liquid form in the United States and United Kingdom since 2016. They have been marketed as herbal incense, or "herbal smoking blends", and sold under common names such as K2, spice, and synthetic marijuana. They are often labeled "not for human consumption" for liability defense. A large and complex variety of synthetic cannabinoids are designed in an attempt to avoid leg ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
