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Möng Lem
Möng Lem or Moeng Laem (also known as Meng-lian in Chinese; ) was a Shan state in of what is today the Menglian Dai- Lahu- Va Autonomous County of the Pu'er Prefecture, Yunnan region, China. History Möng Lem was established as a tusi state of the Yuan dynasty in 1289. The state was subdued by Möng Mao (Luchuan) in the 14th–15th centuries. Möng Lem was one of the ''Koshanpye'' or "Nine Shan States" in China. The others were Möngmāu, Hsikwan, Möngnā, Sandā, Hosā, Lasā, Möngwan and Küngma (Köng-ma). It was a tributary both of Kingdom of Burma and China until the late 19th century when the British signed an agreement that made the Chinese Shan states become part of China.Henry Rodolph Davies, ''Yün-nan: The Link Between India and the Yangtze'', p. 91] The rulers of the state bore the title ''saopha''. Saophas * Hkam Pak Hpa 1289-1309 * Thao Hkam Hueng (Thao Fai Hueng) 1308-1348 * Thao Hkam Suan (Thao Fai Suan) 1349-1406 * Thao Fai Hkan 1407-1439 * Thao Fai Hkaan ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Shan States
The Shan States were a collection of minor Shan people, Shan kingdoms called ''mueang, möng'' whose rulers bore the title ''saopha'' (''sawbwa''). In British rule in Burma, British Burma, they were analogous to the princely states of British Raj, British India. The term "Shan States" was first used during the British rule in Burma as a geopolitical designation for certain areas of Burma (officially, the Federated Shan States, which included the Karenni States, consisted of today's Shan State and Kayah State). In some cases, the Lan Na, Siamese Shan States was used to refer to Lan Na (northern Thailand) and Tusi, Chinese Shan States to the Shan regions in southern Yunnan such as Xishuangbanna Dai Autonomous Prefecture, Xishuangbanna. Historical mention of the Shan states inside the present-day boundaries of Burma began during the period of the Pagan kingdom, Pagan dynasty; according to the Tai chronicles, the first major Shan State of that era was founded in 1215 at Möng Ka ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Tusi
''Tusi'', often translated as "headmen" or "chieftains", were hereditary tribal leaders recognized as imperial officials by the Yuan, Ming, and Qing dynasties of China, and the Later Lê and Nguyễn dynasties of Vietnam. They ruled certain ethnic minorities in central China, western China, southwestern China, and the Indochinese peninsula nominally on behalf of the central government. As succession to the ''Tusi'' position was hereditary, these regimes effectively formed numerous autonomous petty dynasties under the suzerainty of the central court. This arrangement is known as the ''Tusi System'' or the ''Native Chieftain System'' ( zh, c=, p=Tǔsī Zhìdù). It should not be confused with the Chinese tributary system or the Jimi system. ''Tusi'' regimes were located primarily in Yunnan, Guizhou, Tibet, Sichuan, Chongqing, the Xiangxi Prefecture of Hunan, and the Enshi Prefecture of Hubei. ''Tusi'' entities were also established in the historical dependencies and fronti ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Former Countries In Chinese History
A former is an object, such as a template, gauge or cutting die, which is used to form something such as a boat's hull. Typically, a former gives shape to a structure that may have complex curvature. A former may become an integral part of the finished structure, as in an aircraft fuselage, or it may be removable, being used in the construction process and then discarded or re-used. Aircraft formers Formers are used in the construction of aircraft fuselage, of which a typical fuselage has a series from the nose cone to the empennage, typically perpendicular to the longitudinal axis of the aircraft. The primary purpose of formers is to establish the shape of the fuselage and reduce the column length of stringers to prevent instability. Formers are typically attached to longerons, which support the skin of the aircraft. The "former-and-longeron" technique (also called stations and stringers) was adopted from boat construction, and was typical of light aircraft built unt ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Chiang Hung
Chiang Hung, also known as Sipsongpanna, Keng Hung, or Moeng Lü (; , zh, 車里 or 江洪) was one of the states of Shans under the suzerainty of Burma and China. Chiang Hung was inhabited mainly by Tai Lü people, a branch of the Shans or Tai, hence its other name Moeng Lü. Its capital was the city of Chiang Hung, modern Jinghong. The kingdom, in its most powerful state in the 13th century, covered a large area before being subjugated by neighboring powers such as the Yuan dynasty, the Lan Na kingdom, and the Konbaung dynasty. Chinese dynasties recognized the local leaders as ''tusi'' of Cheli (). History The history of the state can be divided in two periods: * Early Period 1180 - 1290 ** Chao Phaya Chueang (Pa Zhen) 1180 - 1192 ** Khai Loeung (Ka Leng) 1192 - 12.. ** Thao Ai p. 1290 * Later Period (State under Chinese suzerainty until annexation) 1312 - 1805 Early history Phanya Coeng, Paya Jueang () or Chao Jueang Han () was said to wage wars with the native ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Saopha
Saopha (), also spelled Sawbwa, was the title used by hereditary rulers of Shan states in Upper Myanmar. Chaopha and Chao Fa were similar titles used by the hereditary Tai rulers in mainland Southeast Asia and the Ahom kingdom in India. Names and etymology ''Saopha'' () means "lord of the heavens" in the Shan language. It was rendered into Burmese as ''sawbwa'' (). Variants in other Tai languages include ''tsāo phâa'' (𑜋𑜰𑜫;𑜇𑜡.) in Ahom, ''chau-fa'' () in Tai Nuea, and ''chao fa'' () in Thai. Usage Myanmar (Burma) In the pre-colonial era, the term 'sawbwa' was utilised by the Burmese monarchy in reference to the hereditary rulers of Shan-speaking polities called möng ( , ), in the region. In order of precedence, the sawbwas outranked local rulers of lower ranks, namely the '' myoza'' and ''ngwegunhmu''. During British colonial rule, colonial authorities adopted the Burmese system, recognising between 14 and 16 sawbwas who enjoyed a degree of auto ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Shan States
The Shan States were a collection of minor Shan people, Shan kingdoms called ''mueang, möng'' whose rulers bore the title ''saopha'' (''sawbwa''). In British rule in Burma, British Burma, they were analogous to the princely states of British Raj, British India. The term "Shan States" was first used during the British rule in Burma as a geopolitical designation for certain areas of Burma (officially, the Federated Shan States, which included the Karenni States, consisted of today's Shan State and Kayah State). In some cases, the Lan Na, Siamese Shan States was used to refer to Lan Na (northern Thailand) and Tusi, Chinese Shan States to the Shan regions in southern Yunnan such as Xishuangbanna Dai Autonomous Prefecture, Xishuangbanna. Historical mention of the Shan states inside the present-day boundaries of Burma began during the period of the Pagan kingdom, Pagan dynasty; according to the Tai chronicles, the first major Shan State of that era was founded in 1215 at Möng Ka ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Kingdom Of Burma
The Konbaung dynasty (), also known as the Third Burmese Empire (တတိယမြန်မာနိုင်ငံတော်), was the last dynasty that ruled Burma from 1752 to 1885. It created the second-largest empire in history of Myanmar, Burmese history and continued the administrative reforms begun by the Toungoo dynasty, laying the foundations of the modern state of Burma. The reforms, however, proved insufficient to stem the advance of the British Empire, who defeated the Burmese in all three Anglo-Burmese Wars over a six-decade span (1824–1885) and ended the millennium-old Burmese monarchy in 1885. Pretenders to the dynasty claim descent from Myat Phaya Lat, one of Thibaw's daughters. An expansionist dynasty, the Konbaung kings waged campaigns against the Mizo Chieftainship, Lushai Hills, Möng Mao, Manipur, Assam, Kingdom of Mrauk U, Arakan, the Mon people, Mon kingdom of Restored Hanthawaddy Kingdom, Pegu, Siam, and the Qing dynasty of China—thus establis ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
