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Ménaka Offensive
The Ménaka offensive was a series of offensives launched by the Islamic State in the Greater Sahara against the Malian Army, Tuareg self-defense groups including the Movement for the Salvation of Azawad (MSA) and Imghad Tuareg Self-Defense Group and Allies (GATIA), and the al-Qaeda-aligned Jama'at Nasr al-Islam wal Muslimin. The offensives took place in the Ménaka Cercle, in southeastern Mali. Background Rise of the conflict in Menaka In the late 2010s, the Menaka Cercle, which borders Niger and Burkina Faso at a tripoint, has seen fighting between Tuareg self-defense groups and jihadist groups. The first clashes began in the mid-2010's with Movement for Oneness and Jihad in West Africa (MUJAO), a precursor to Jama'at Nasr al-Islam wal Muslimin (JNIM), and by the 2020s, the Islamic State in the Greater Sahara became the largest jihadist group in the area. ISGS is predominantly made up of Fulani, a nomadic Muslim herder group that has been in conflict with the Daoussahak ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ménaka Cercle
Ménaka Cercle is an administrative subdivision of Ménaka Region, Mali. Its administrative center is the town of Ménaka. Ménaka Cercle's population as of 2009 was 56,104 people. Ménaka is located in the middle of the Sahara Desert, along Wadi Ezgeuret and an ancient dry river valley of the Iullemmeden Basin. Its highest point, Mount Abourak, is located around 150 km to the north of the town of Ménaka. Most of the small population are nomadic Tuareg tribal populations; minorities include the Wodaabe Fula and sedentary Songhai people. The area is a traditional center of the Kel Dinnik Tuareg confederation, along with the town of Andéramboukane near the Nigerien border. History The current Ménaka Cercle is the successor to a previous commune of the same name. Prior to 2016, a different Ménaka Cercle existed corresponding to the current Ménaka Region. It was divided into five communes: * Alata * Andéramboukane * Inékar * Ménaka * Tidermène 2009 kidnapp ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Iyad Ag Ghaly
Iyad Ag Ghaly (, sometimes romanised as Ag Ghali; born 1954), also known as Abū al-Faḍl (), is a Tuareg Islamist militant from Mali's Kidal Region. He has been active in Tuareg rebellions against the Malian government since the 1980s – particularly in the early 1990s. In 1988, he founded the Popular Movement for the Liberation of Azawad. In the latest episode of the Tuareg upheavals in 2012, he featured as the founder and leader of the Islamist militant group Ansar Dine. Born in 1954 into a noble family of the Ifogha tribal group (an influential Tuareg clan in the Kidal region), his gift for strategic thinking allegedly earned him the nickname, ''the Strategist''. In 2008, he was appointed as one of Mali's diplomats to Saudi Arabia. Although he would eventually distance himself from music, Ag Ghaly was formerly a musician associated with the group Tinariwen. Battles and wars Role in 1990 rebellion On the night of 28 June 1990, Ag Ghaly directed attacks by the Popula ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Tillia
Tillia is a village and rural commune in Niger Niger, officially the Republic of the Niger, is a landlocked country in West Africa. It is a unitary state Geography of Niger#Political geography, bordered by Libya to the Libya–Niger border, north-east, Chad to the Chad–Niger border, east .... In 2012 it had a population of 38,994. References {{coord, 16, 07, N, 4, 47, E, display=title, region:NE_type:city_source:GNS-enwiki Communes of Niger ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Tahoua Region
Tahoua is one of seven regions of Niger. The capital of the region is the commune of Tahoua. The region covers 106,677 km². Geography Tahoua borders Agadez Region to the northeast, Maradi Region to the southeast, Nigeria's Sokoto State to the south, and Mali (Gao and Kidal regions), Dosso Region and Tillabéri Region to the west. Much of the region lies with the Sahel, merging into the Sahara desert in the north. Settlements Tahoua is the regional capital; other major settlements include Abalak, Bagaroua, Birni-N'Konni, Bouza, Illela, Keita, Madaoua and Tchintabaraden. Administrative subdivisions Tahoua is divided into 12 Departments and one commune: * Abalak Department * Bagaroua Department * Bkonni Department * Bouza Department * Illela Department * Keita Department * Madaoua Department * Malbaza Department * Tahoua Department * Tahoua City * Tassara Department * Tchintabaraden Department * Tillia Department Demographics As of 2011 th ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Tillabéri Region
Tillabéri (var. ''Tillabéry'') is one of the seven regions of Niger. The capital of the region is Tillabéri. Tillabéri Region was created in 1992, when Niamey Region was split, with Niamey and its immediate hinterland becoming a new ''capital district'' enclaved within Tillabéri Region. Geography Tillabéri borders Mali (Gao Region) to the north, Tahoua Region to the east, Dosso Region to the southeast, Benin (Alibori Department) to the south, and Burkina Faso (Sahel Region and Est Region (Burkina Faso), Est Region) to the west. The Niamey Capital District forms an enclave within the region. Tillabéri contains almost all of Niger's share of the Niger River, as well as several seasonal (known as Gorouol, Sirba) and permanent (known as Mékrou, Tapoa) watercourses. The W National Park is located in the extreme south of the region and extends into Burkina Faso and Benin. The northwestern areas of the region (Ouallam and Filingué) have a savannah type flora and fauna. Settlem ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Zarma People
The Zarma people are an ethnic group predominantly found in westernmost Niger. They are also found in significant numbers in the adjacent areas of Nigeria and Benin, along with smaller numbers in Burkina Faso, Ivory Coast, Ghana, Togo, and Sudan.Zarma people Encyclopædia Britannica In Niger, the Zarma are often considered by outsiders to be of the same ethnicity as the neighboring Songhaiborai, although the two groups claim differences, having different histories and speaking different dialects. They are sometimes lumped together as the Zarma-Songhay or Songhay-Zarma. The Zarma people are predominantly Muslims of the Maliki-Sunni school, and they live in the arid Sahel lands, along the Niger River valley which is a source of irrigation, forage for cattle herds, and drinking water. ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Aklaz And Awkassa Massacres
On April 26 and 27, 2018, militants from the Islamic State in the Greater Sahara attacked two refugee camps near Andéramboukane, Ménaka, Mali, killing forty-seven people, mostly Tuareg civilians. Prelude Heavy fighting occurred in southeastern Mali's Menaka region in early 2018 between the Malian army, aligned with the French army, Movement for the Salvation of Azawad (MSA), and Imghad Tuareg Self-Defense Group and Allies (GATIA) against the Islamic State in the Greater Sahara. The massacre of four civilians in Inwelane, near Talataye, in February led to reprisal offensives by the MSA against ISGS. The French army stated on March 15 that the reprisal offensives saw 60 ISGS militants killed or captured. The heaviest fighting occurred during the battle of Akabar on April 1, where thirty jihadists were killed. Conflicts between the Tuareg rebel groups and ISGS often stem from ethnic conflict between the Daoussahak Tuaregs and Fulani, with massacres being ethnically motivated. ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Double Entendre
A double entendre (plural double entendres) is a figure of speech or a particular way of wording that is devised to have a double meaning, one of which is typically obvious, and the other often conveys a message that would be too socially unacceptable, or offensive to state directly. A double entendre may exploit puns or word play to convey the second meaning. Double entendres generally rely on multiple meanings of words, or different interpretations of the same primary meaning. They often exploit ambiguity and may be used to introduce it deliberately in a text. Sometimes a homophone can be used as a pun. When three or more meanings have been constructed, this is known as a "triple entendre", etc. Etymology According to the Merriam-Webster Unabridged Dictionary and the Oxford English Dictionary, the expression comes from the rare and obsolete French (language), French expression, which literally meant "double meaning" and was used in the senses of "double understanding" or ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Adnan Abu Walid Al-Sahrawi
Lehbib Ould Ali Ould Said Ould Yumani (; 16 February 1973 – 17 August 2021), also known by the ''nom de guerre'' Adnan Abu Walid al-Sahrawi (), was a Sahrawi Islamist militant and the first Emir of the Islamic State – Sahel Province. Biography Al-Sahrawi was born in Laayoune, Western Sahara (then known as the Spanish Sahara) into a wealthy trading family that fled the city for refugee camps in Algeria. He joined the Polisario Front and received military training, but he demobilised amid promises of a United Nations referendum on the status of Western Sahara. He studied social sciences at the Mentouri University of Constantine, from which he graduated in 1997. A year later he joined the Sahrawi Youth Union. In 2004, said to be suffering from health problems and depression, he turned to Islam after contact with students from the Ibn Abbas Institute in Nouakchott. Around November 2010, he left Tindouf in Algeria for northern Mali and joined the Katiba Tarik ibn Zayd, a ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Daoussahak
The Dawsahak people, ''Idaksahak'' (var.: ''Daoussahak'',Edmond Bernus (ed.). Art of being Tuareg: Sahara nomads in a modern world. Indiana University Press (2006) p.291Jeffrey Heath. A grammar of Tamashek (Tuareg of Mali), Volume 35 of Mouton grammar library. Walter de Gruyter, (2005) p.9 ''Dahoussahak'',Catherine Taine-Cheikh. es langues parlées au sud Sahara et au nord Sahel http://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/halshs-00456346/ De l'Atlantique à l'Ennedi (Catalogue de l'exposition « Sahara-Sahel »), Centre Culturel Français d'Abidjan (Ed.) (1989) 155-173 ''Dausahaq, Daosahaq, Daoussahaq, Daoussak, Dawsahaq'') are pastoralist Berbers centered on Ménaka and Inékar town in Ménaka Region and Talataye in Ansongo Cercle of the Gao Region of northeastern Mali.David J. Phillips. Peoples on the move: introducing the nomads of the world. William Carey Library, 2001 pp.146-147R Christiansen-Bolli. A Grammar of Tadaksahak, a Northern Songhay Language of Mali: Summary Leiden University ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Fula People
The Fula, Fulani, or Fulɓe people are an ethnic group in Sahara, Sahel and West Africa, widely dispersed across the region. Inhabiting many countries, they live mainly in West Africa and northern parts of Central Africa, South Sudan, Darfur, and regions near the Red Sea coast in Sudan. The approximate number of Fula people is unknown, due to clashing definitions regarding Fula ethnicity. Various estimates put the figure between 25 and 40 million people worldwide. A significant proportion of the Fula – a third, or an estimated 7 to 10 million – are pastoralism, pastoralists, and their ethnic group has the largest nomadic pastoral community in the world., Quote: The Fulani form the largest pastoral nomadic group in the world. The Bororo'en are noted for the size of their cattle herds. In addition to fully nomadic groups, however, there are also semisedentary Fulani – Fulbe Laddi – who also farm, although they argue that they do so out of necessity, not choice. The major ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Movement For Oneness And Jihad In West Africa
The Movement for Oneness and Jihad in West Africa (abbreviated MOJWA) or the Movement for Unity and Jihad in West Africa (abbreviated MUJWA; ''Jamāʿat at-tawḥīd wal-jihād fī gharb ʾafrīqqīyā''; , abbreviated MUJAO), was a militant Islamist organisation that broke off from Al-Qaeda in the Islamic Maghreb with the intended goal of spreading ''jihad'' across a larger section of West Africa, as well as demanding the expulsion of all French interests (especially military and resources) that operate in West Africa, which they regard as "colonialist occupiers". Its operations were largely limited to southern Algeria and northern Mali. The group continued to be affiliated with AQIM and was sanctioned by the United Nations Security Council in 2012. One faction of the group merged with Mokhtar Belmokhtar's Al-Mulathameen into a new group called Al-Mourabitoun in 2013. History The Movement for Oneness and Jihad in West Africa (MOJWA) broke with Al-Qaeda in the Islamic Ma ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
