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Mykola Shchors
Mykola Oleksandrovych Shchors (; – 30 August 1919) was a member of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union, Russian Communist Party and a participant in the Russian Civil War, serving as Red Army commander. In 1918–1919 he fought against the newly established Ukrainian People's Republic. Later he commanded the Bohunsky regiment, brigade, 1st Zadneprovskaya Ukrainian Soviet Division, 1st Soviet Ukrainian division and 44th Rifle Division against the Ukrainian People's Republic and their Second Polish Republic, Polish allies. Shchors was killed following the evacuation of Kyiv in 1919. After being ignored for more than a decade, Shchors became celebrated as a hero in the Soviet Union following the mid-1930s. Early life Mykola Shchors was born in the village of Snovsk of Gorodnya uyezd (Chernigov Governorate) into a family of kulaks. His father, Oleksandr Mykolayovich, was a locomotive engineer, according to the official Soviet historiography. He came from a town of Stowbtsy (Mi ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Snovsk
Snovsk ( ) is a city in Koriukivka Raion, Chernihiv Oblast (oblast, province) of Ukraine. Population: It hosts the administration of Snovsk urban hromada, one of the hromadas of Ukraine. The population was 12,315 in 2001. Name Historically, the city was named after the Snov, Snov River on which it is situated. The city was called Shchors between 1935 and 2016, in honour of Nikolay Shchors. On 21 May 2016, the Verkhovna Rada (Ukraine's national parliament) adopted a decision to change the name of Shchors back to its original Snovsk and consequently renaming Shchors Raion to Snovsk Raion, in accordance with the Ukrainian decommunization laws, law prohibiting names of Communist origin. History On the eve of the World War II, Second World War, about 16% of the population was Jewish (1,402 Jews). The Germans occupied the city on September 3, 1941. They kept the Jews prisoners in a ghetto and subjected them to perform different kinds of forced labor. In 1941 and 1942, hundreds of them ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
44th Rifle Division
The 44th ''Kievskaya'' of the Red Banner Rifle Division of Nikolay Shchors, or ''44th Kievskaya'' for short, was an elite military formation of the Soviet Union. Created during the beginnings of the Russian Civil War. It was destroyed during the Winter War, after being ordered to help the 163rd Rifle Division break a Finnish siege on the Raate road as part of the Special Rifle Corps 9th Army, together with the 54th Rifle Division. Afterwards it was levied and dissolved multiple times throughout the 40s and 50s until its final dissolution in 1959. Early history Creation The unit is also famous for being one of the first military formations out of which was formed the short-lived Ukrainian Soviet Army (November 30, 1918 – June 1, 1919). It was formed by the order no.6 of the Communist Party (Bolshevik) of Ukraine on September 22, 1918, as the 1st Insurgent Division along with the 2nd Insurgent Division. The 1st Insurgent Division was formed out of insurgent squads of Tarashcha ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Poltava
Poltava (, ; , ) is a city located on the Vorskla, Vorskla River in Central Ukraine, Central Ukraine. It serves as the administrative center of Poltava Oblast as well as Poltava Raion within the oblast. It also hosts the administration of Poltava urban hromada, one of the hromadas of Ukraine. Poltava has a population of History It is still unknown when Poltava was founded, although the town was not attested before 1174. However, municipal authorities chose to celebrate the city's 1100th anniversary in 1999. The settlement is indeed an old one, as archeologists unearthed an ancient Paleolithic dwelling, as well as Scythian remains, within the city limits. Middle Ages The present name of the city is traditionally connected to the settlement Ltava, which is mentioned in the ''Hypatian Chronicle'' in 1174. [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Vilnius Military School
Vilnius Military School () also known as the Vilnius Junker Infantry School () was a military school for the non-commissioned officers (NCO) and junior officers of the Imperial Russian Army that operated in 1864–1915 in Vilnius. Up to 1910, the school prepared 4,371 '' podpraporshchiks'' and junior officers. During World War I, it relocated to Poltava and operated there in 1915–1918. In total, about 10,500 men graduated from the school, many becoming prominent military leaders and commanders in the post-war Eastern Europe. History The poor preparation of the Russian army became evident during the Crimean War (1853–1856) and Count Dmitry Milyutin, Minister of War, introduced wide-ranging reforms to modernize the army. He established military districts and each district established a cadet school. Completion of a cadet school became mandatory for recruits and from 1875 for drafted men if they wanted to be promoted to officers. The Vilnius Junker Infantry School was officiall ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Vilnius
Vilnius ( , ) is the capital of and List of cities in Lithuania#Cities, largest city in Lithuania and the List of cities in the Baltic states by population, most-populous city in the Baltic states. The city's estimated January 2025 population was 607,667, and the Vilnius urban area (which extends beyond the city limits) has an estimated population of 747,864. Vilnius is notable for the architecture of its Vilnius Old Town, Old Town, considered one of Europe's largest and best-preserved old towns. The city was declared a World Heritage Site, UNESCO World Heritage Site in 1994. The architectural style known as Vilnian Baroque is named after the city, which is farthest to the east among Baroque architecture, Baroque cities and the largest such city north of the Alps. The city was noted for its #Demographics, multicultural population during the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth, with contemporary sources comparing it to Babylon. Before World War II and The Holocaust in Lithuania, th ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Vilna Military District
Vilna Military District () was a military district of the Imperial Russian Army. The district was formed in 1862 as part of Russian military reforms and was responsible for parts of modern Belarus, Latvia, Lithuania, and Poland. The district was disbanded at the beginning of the First World War in July 1914, and its headquarters were used to form another district farther to the rear. History In the Russian Empire, military districts were first formed by Dmitry Milyutin in 1862–64 to replace the pre-existing Military Inspectorates. The military districts were organised to include civilian administration regions of gubernyas and uyezds. The Vilna Military District was created on 6 July 1862. The district headquarters were in Vilna (now Vilnius, Lithuania), and were formed from the headquarters of the 1st Army Corps, which it replaced. In 1864, the district opened the Vilna Junker Infantry School to prepare non-commissioned officers. In 1870, it had the second highest concent ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Physician Assistant
A physician assistant or physician associate (PA) is a type of non-physician practitioner. While these job titles are used internationally, there is significant variation in training and scope of practice from country to country, and sometimes between smaller jurisdictions such as states or provinces. Depending on location, PAs practice semi-autonomously under the supervision of a physician, or autonomously perform a subset of medical services classically provided by physicians. The educational model was initially based upon the accelerated training of physicians in the United States during the shortage of qualified medical providers during World War II. Since then, the use of PAs has spread to at least 16 countries around the world. In the US, PAs may diagnose illnesses, develop and manage treatment plans, prescribe medications, and serve as a principal healthcare provider. In many states PAs are required to have a direct agreement with a physician. In the UK, PAs were introduc ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ostap Vyshnya
Pavlo Mykhailovych Gubenko (; – 28 September 1956), better known by the literary pseudonym of Ostap Vyshnia, was a Ukrainian writer, humourist, satirist, and medical official (feldsher). Nicknamed by critics as the Ukrainian Mark Twain and the Ukrainian Printing King; His fame was said to have competed in early Soviet Ukraine with only Taras Shevchenko and Vladimir Lenin. Early life Pavlo Hubenko was born in a large peasant family of 17 children on 13 November 1889 in the ''khutir'' (farmstead) Chechva near the small town of Hrun, in Zinkiv uyezd, at the time in the Poltava Governorate of the Russian Empire. Today his place is in Sumy Oblast while Zinkiv is a city in Poltava Oblast, both in Ukraine. He studied in elementary school in Zinkiv, later enrolling into the Kyiv military-nursing school, which he finished in 1907. He worked as a nurse in the Army and then at the surgical department of the South Western Railway hospital. He finally managed to take the tests to enr ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Metropolitan Ilarion (Ivan Ohienko)
Metropolitan Ilarion (secular name Ivan Ivanovych Ohienko; ; 2 January (14 January), 1882 in Brusyliv, Zhytomyr Oblast, Brusyliv, Kiev Governorate, Kyiv Governorate – 29 March 1972 in Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada) was a Ukraine, Ukrainian Orthodox cleric, linguistics, linguist, church historian, and historian of Ukrainian culture. In 1940 he was Archimandrite of the St. Onuphrius Monastery in Jabłeczna, St. Onuphrius Monastery in Jableczna; in 1940 he became Bishop of Chełm; in 1944 he became the Metropolitan bishop, Metropolitan of Chełm and Lublin (Lubelskie), and in 1951 primate (bishop), Primate of the Ukrainian Orthodox Church of Canada. He was also active in Ukrainian politics, both during the Ukraine after the Russian Revolution, revolution and later in emigration. Early life Ivan Ohienko was born in central Ukraine (Kiev Governorate, Kyiv Gubernia). In 1900 he graduated from the Kyiv military field physician school where he studied along with Russian poet Demyan Bed ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Minsk Governorate
Minsk Governorate was an administrative-territorial unit (''guberniya'') of the Russian Empire, with its capital in Minsk. It was created from the land acquired in the partitions of Poland and existed from 1793 until 1921. Its territory covered the majority of modern-day Belarus. Administrative divisions *Bobruysky Uyezd *Borisovsky Uyezd *Igumensky Uyezd *Minsky Uyezd *Mozyrsky Uyezd *Novogrudsky Uyezd (part of Grodno Governorate before 1843) *Pinsky Uyezd *Rechitsky Uyezd *Slutsky Uyezd Vileysky and Disnensky Uyezds passed to the Vilna Governorate in 1843. In 1919, Baranovichsky Uyezd was created from Novogorodoksky Uyezd and Nesvizhsky Uyezd was created from Slutsky Uyezd. In 1920, Novogrudoksky, Pinsky, Baranovichsky, and Nesvizhsky Uyezds were controlled by Poland. Demographics According to the 1897 imperial census, Minsk Governorate had a population of 2,147,621. The ethnic makeup (based on native language) was as follows: Industry Minsk province has mostly swampy terra ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Stowbtsy
Stowbtsy (, ) or Stolbtsy (, ; ; ; ) is a town in Minsk Region, Belarus. It serves as the administrative center of Stowbtsy District. It is located on the Neman River. As of 2024, it has a population of 17,737. Etymology "Stowbtsy" means "columns" or "posts" in Belarusian. A suggested version for the name origin: once the Neman River was very deep, and sailing boats had to be tied to wooden posts to secure the boats against a strong flow of the river. History The town was founded in 1593. For a long time it was a ''shtetl'' with significant Jewish population. In August 1924, while Stowbtsy was part of the Second Polish Republic, the town was the site of a Soviet-Polish border incident in which a company of Soviet raiders attacked its police station and government building in order to free two imprisoned communist activists (see Soviet raid on Stołpce). Following the joint German-Soviet invasion of Poland, which started World War II in September 1939, the municipality was o ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Kulak
Kulak ( ; rus, кула́к, r=kulák, p=kʊˈɫak, a=Ru-кулак.ogg; plural: кулаки́, ''kulakí'', 'fist' or 'tight-fisted'), also kurkul () or golchomag (, plural: ), was the term which was used to describe peasants who owned over of land towards the end of the Russian Empire. In the early Soviet Union, particularly in Soviet Russia and Azerbaijan, ''kulak'' referred to property ownership among peasants who were considered hesitant allies of the Bolshevik Revolution. In Ukraine during 1930–1931, there also existed a term of podkulachnik (almost wealthy peasant); these were considered "sub-kulaks". ''Kulaks'' referred to former peasants in the Russian Empire who became landowners and credit-loaners after the abolition of serfdom in 1861 and during the Stolypin reform of 1906 to 1914, which aimed to reduce radicalism amongst the peasantry and produce profit-minded, politically conservative farmers. During the Russian Revolution, ''kulak'' was used to chastise ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
