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Myanma Gem Enterprise
Myanma Gems Enterprise (; abbreviated MGE) is a state-owned enterprise of Myanmar, operating under the Ministry of Natural Resources and Environmental Conservation. MGE manages the mining, marketing, and sales of Burmese jade and gemstones, and administers gemstone regulations and licensing, participates in joint ventures for mining operations, and collects royalties. MGE organises biannual gem emporiums for extracted jade and gemstones. MGE generates approximately half of the Burmese government's annual revenue. History Gemstone mining was nationalised in Burma following the 1962 Burmese coup d'état. In 1976, the Burma Gems Corporation was established to mine and market gemstones. It was renamed the Myanma Gems Enterprise in 1989, after the 8888 Uprising. Following the 2015 Myanmar general election, which was won by National League for Democracy, the military-owned Myanma Economic Holdings Limited quickly secured 58% of MGE's jade and gemstone mining licence, becoming the ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Limited Company
In a limited company, the Legal liability, liability of members or subscribers of the company is limited to what they have invested or guaranteed to the company. Limited companies may be limited by Share (finance), shares or by guarantee. In a company limited by shares, the liability of members is limited to the unpaid value of shares. In a company limited by guarantee, the liability of owners is limited to such amount as the owners may undertake to contribute to the assets of the company, in the event of being wound up. The former may be further divided in public companies (public limited company, public limited companies) and private companies (private limited company, private limited companies). Who may become a member of a private limited company is restricted by law and by the company's rules. In contrast, anyone may buy shares in a public limited company. Limited companies can be found in most countries, although the detailed rules governing them vary widely. It is also com ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
8888 Uprising
The 8888 Uprising, also known as the People Power Uprising and the 1988 Uprising, was a series of nationwide protests, marches, and riots in Burma (present-day Myanmar) that peaked in August 1988. Key events occurred on 8 August 1988 and therefore it is commonly known as the "8888 Uprising". The protests began as a student movement and were organised largely by university students at the Rangoon Arts and Sciences University and the Rangoon Institute of Technology. Since the 1962 military coup, the Burma Socialist Programme Party had ruled the country as a totalitarian one-party state, headed by General Ne Win. Under the government agenda, called the Burmese Way to Socialism, which involved economic isolation and the strengthening of the military, Burma became one of the world's most impoverished countries.Burma Watcher (1989)Woodsome, Kate. (7 October 2007)'Burmese Way to Socialism' Drives Country into Poverty Voice of America. Many firms in the formal sector of the ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Government-owned Companies Of Myanmar
State ownership, also called public ownership or government ownership, is the ownership of an Industry (economics), industry, asset, property, or Business, enterprise by the national government of a country or State (polity), state, or a public body representing a community, as opposed to an individual or Private property, private party. Public ownership specifically refers to industries selling goods and services to consumers and differs from Public good, public goods and government services financed out of a Government budget, government's general budget. Public ownership can take place at the Central government, national, regional government, regional, local government, local, or municipal levels of government; or can refer to non-governmental public ownership vested in autonomous public enterprises. Public ownership is one of the three major forms of property ownership, differentiated from private, Collective ownership, collective/cooperative, and common ownership. In marke ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Non-renewable Resource Companies Established In 1967
A non-renewable resource (also called a finite resource) is a natural resource that cannot be readily replaced by natural means at a pace quick enough to keep up with consumption. An example is carbon-based fossil fuels. The original organic matter, with the aid of heat and pressure, becomes a fuel such as oil or gas. Earth minerals and metal ores, fossil fuels (coal, petroleum, natural gas) and groundwater in certain aquifers are all considered non-renewable resources, though individual elements are always conserved (except in nuclear reactions, nuclear decay or atmospheric escape). Conversely, resources such as timber (when harvested sustainably) and wind (used to power energy conversion systems) are considered renewable resources, largely because their localized replenishment can also occur within human lifespans. Earth minerals and metal ores Earth minerals and metal ores are examples of non-renewable resources. The metals themselves are present in vast amounts in Ea ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Companies Of Myanmar
A company, abbreviated as co., is a legal entity representing an association of legal people, whether natural, juridical or a mixture of both, with a specific objective. Company members share a common purpose and unite to achieve specific, declared goals. Over time, companies have evolved to have the following features: "separate legal personality, limited liability, transferable shares, investor ownership, and a managerial hierarchy". The company, as an entity, was created by the state which granted the privilege of incorporation. Companies take various forms, such as: * voluntary associations, which may include nonprofit organizations * business entities, whose aim is to generate sales, revenue, and profit * financial entities and banks * programs or educational institutions A company can be created as a legal person so that the company itself has limited liability as members perform or fail to discharge their duties according to the publicly declared incorporation pu ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
2021 Myanmar Coup D'état
A coup d'état in Myanmar began on the morning of 1 February 2021, when Elections in Myanmar, democratically elected members of the country's ruling party, the National League for Democracy (NLD), were deposed by the Tatmadaw, Myanmar's military, which then vested power in a State Administration Council, military junta. Acting President of Myanmar Myint Swe proclaimed a year-long state of emergency and declared power had been transferred to Commander-in-Chief of Defence Services Senior general (Myanmar), Senior General Min Aung Hlaing. It declared the results of the 2020 Myanmar general election, November 2020 general election invalid and stated its intent to hold a Next Myanmar general election, new election at the end of the state of emergency. The coup d'état occurred the day before the Assembly of the Union, Parliament of Myanmar was to swear in the members elected in the 2020 election, thereby preventing this from occurring. President Win Myint and State Counsellor of My ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Myanma Economic Holdings Limited
Myanma Economic Holdings Public Company Limited (, abbreviated MEHL or ဦးပိုင် in Burmese) is one of two major conglomerates run by the Burmese military (through the Ministry of Defence), the other being the Myanmar Economic Corporation (MEC).Cheetham, Joshua"Myanmar coup: The shadowy business empire funding the Tatmadaw,"March 9, 2021, BBC News, retrieved March 29, 2021 MEHL business interests include banking, construction, mining, agriculture, tobacco and food.Nunley, Christian"U.S. sanctions companies that back Myanmar military following coup,"March 25, 2021, updated March 26, 2021, CNBC, retrieved March 29, 2021 MEHL is owned by the Burmese military, and current and former Tatmadaw personnel, and is influenced by senior Tatmadaw leaders. Rank-and-file soldiers are required to invest a significant portion of their salaries in MEHL shares, and generally receive an annual dividend in September based on the conglomerate's annual profits. Revenues generated from ME ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
National League For Democracy
The National League for Democracy (, ; Abbreviation, abbr. NLD; Burmese abbr. ဒီချုပ်) is a deregistered liberal democratic political party in Myanmar (formerly Burma). It became the country's ruling party after a landslide victory in the 2015 Myanmar general election, 2015 general election but was overthrown in a 2021 Myanmar coup d'état, coup d'état in February 2021 following another landslide 2020 Myanmar general election, election victory in 2020. Founded on 27 September 1988, the NLD has become one of the most influential parties in Myanmar's pro-democracy movement. Aung San Suu Kyi, the former State Counsellor of Myanmar, serves as its leader. The party won a substantial parliamentary majority in the 1990 Myanmar general election. However, the ruling State Peace and Development Council, military junta refused to recognise the result. On 6 May 2010, the party was declared illegal and ordered to be disbanded by the junta after refusing to register for the 20 ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
2015 Myanmar General Election
General elections were held in Myanmar on 8 November 2015, with the National League for Democracy winning a supermajority of seats in the combined national parliament. Voting occurred in all constituencies, excluding seats appointed by the military, to select Members of Assembly to seats in both the upper house (the House of Nationalities) and the lower house (the House of Representatives) of the Assembly of the Union, and State and Region Hluttaws. Ethnic Affairs Ministers were also elected by their designated electorates on the same day, although only select ethnic minorities in particular states and regions were entitled to vote for them. These polls were the first openly contested election held in the country since 1990, which was annulled by the military government after the National League for Democracy's (NLD) victory. The poll was preceded by the 2010 general election, which was marred by a boycott and widespread allegations of systematic fraud by the victorious Un ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
1962 Burmese Coup D'état
The 1962 Burmese coup d'état marked the beginning of one-party rule in Burma (Myanmar) and the political dominance of the military in Burmese politics. In the 2 March 1962 coup, the military replaced the civilian AFPFL-government headed by Prime Minister U Nu with the Union Revolutionary Council Chaired by General Ne Win. In the first 12 years following the coup, the country was ruled under martial law, and saw a significant expansion in the military's role in the national economy, politics, and state bureaucracy. Following the constitution of 1974, the Revolutionary Council handed over the power to the elected government, consisting of a single-party, the Burma Socialist Programme Party, which had been founded by the council in 1962. The elected government remained hybrid between civilian and military, until 18 September 1988, when the military again took over as the State Law and Order Restoration Council (then renamed the State Peace and Development Council) follow ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Gemstone
A gemstone (also called a fine gem, jewel, precious stone, semiprecious stone, or simply gem) is a piece of mineral crystal which, when cut or polished, is used to make jewellery, jewelry or other adornments. Certain Rock (geology), rocks (such as lapis lazuli, opal, and obsidian) and occasionally organic chemistry, organic materials that are not minerals (such as amber, Jet (gemstone), jet, and pearl) may also be used for jewelry and are therefore often considered to be gemstones as well. Most gemstones are hard, but some softer minerals such as brazilianite may be used in jewelry because of their color or Lustre (mineralogy), luster or other physical properties that have aesthetic value. However, generally speaking, soft minerals are not typically used as gemstones by virtue of their brittleness and lack of durability. Found all over the world, the industry of coloured gemstones (i.e. anything other than diamonds) is currently estimated at US$1.55billion and is projected to s ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Royalty Payment
A royalty payment is a payment made by one party to another that owns a particular asset, for the right to ongoing use of that asset. Royalties are typically agreed upon as a percentage of gross or net revenues derived from the use of an asset or a fixed price per unit sold of an item of such, but there are also other modes and metrics of compensation.Guidelines for Evaluation of Transfer of Technology Agreements, United Nations, New York, 1979 A royalty interest is the right to collect a stream of future royalty payments. A license agreement defines the terms under which a resource or property are licensed by one party ( party means the periphery behind it) to another, either without restriction or subject to a limitation on term, business or geographic territory, type of product, etc. License agreements can be regulated, particularly where a government is the resource owner, or they can be private contracts that follow a general structure. However, certain types of franchise ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
