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Musi Languages
The Musi languages consists of a collection of closely related Malayic languages, Malayic varieties spoken in the eastern and northern regions of South Sumatra, as well as parts of Bengkulu. The Musi languages has a relatively high degree of mutual intelligibility, despite its speakers not sharing a unified ethnic identity. Generally, speakers of Malayic varieties in this area refer to their language (in Indonesian) as ''bahasa'' 'language' + [name of region/river/ethnic group], regardless of whether it is classified linguistically as an independent language or a dialect. Classification McDowell & Anderbeck (2020) classify the Musi varieties into two main dialect clusters: (1) Upper Musi and (2) Palembang–Lowland, which are further divided into subclusters and dialects, each with its own distinct characteristics. This classification is not purely based on the comparative method, which seeks to reconstruct the direct ancestor of these varieties, but rather on a synchronic dialect ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Musi Language
Musi () is a Malayic variety spoken primarily in parts of South Sumatra, Indonesia. While the name ''Musi'' in the broad sense can also refer to the wider Musi dialect network comprising both Upper Musi and Palembang–Lowland clusters, it is locally used as an endonym specific to the variety spoken in the upstream parts of Musi River. Classification Based on lexicostatistical analyses, mappings of sound changes, and mutual intelligibility In linguistics, mutual intelligibility is a relationship between different but related language varieties in which speakers of the different varieties can readily understand each other without prior familiarity or special effort. Mutual intelli ... tests, classify Malayic varieties in southern Sumatra into two dialect groups, namely 1) South Barisan Malay (also called ''Central Malay'' or ''Middle Malay'') and 2) Musi. The Musi grouping can be further divided into two clusters: 1) Upper Musi, containing Musi Proper (i.e. the lect re ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Rawas Language
The Musi languages consists of a collection of closely related Malayic varieties spoken in the eastern and northern regions of South Sumatra, as well as parts of Bengkulu. The Musi languages has a relatively high degree of mutual intelligibility, despite its speakers not sharing a unified ethnic identity. Generally, speakers of Malayic varieties in this area refer to their language (in Indonesian) as ''bahasa'' 'language' + ame of region/river/ethnic group regardless of whether it is classified linguistically as an independent language or a dialect. Classification McDowell & Anderbeck (2020) classify the Musi varieties into two main dialect clusters: (1) Upper Musi and (2) Palembang–Lowland, which are further divided into subclusters and dialects, each with its own distinct characteristics. This classification is not purely based on the comparative method, which seeks to reconstruct the direct ancestor of these varieties, but rather on a synchronic dialectological approach. Th ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
SIL Global
SIL Global (formerly known as the Summer Institute of Linguistics International) is an evangelical Christian nonprofit organization whose main purpose is to study, develop and document languages, especially those that are lesser-known, to expand linguistic knowledge, promote literacy, translate the Christian Bible into local languages, and aid minority language development. Based on its language documentation work, SIL publishes a database, ''Ethnologue'', of its research into the world's languages, and develops and publishes software programs for language documentation, such as FieldWorks Language Explorer (FLEx) and Lexique Pro. Its main offices in the United States are located at the International Linguistics Center in Dallas, Texas. History Early History William Cameron Townsend, a Presbyterian minister, founded the organization in 1934, after undertaking a Christian mission with the Disciples of Christ among the Kaqchikel Maya people in Guatemala in the early 1930s. ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
ISO 639-3
ISO 639-3:2007, ''Codes for the representation of names of languages – Part 3: Alpha-3 code for comprehensive coverage of languages'', is an international standard for language codes in the ISO 639 series. It defines three-letter codes for identifying languages. The standard was published by International Organization for Standardization (ISO) on 1 February 2007. As of 2023, this edition of the standard has been officially withdrawn and replaced by ISO 639:2023. ISO 639-3 extends the ISO 639-2 alpha-3 codes with an aim to cover all known natural languages. The extended language coverage was based primarily on the language codes used in the ''Ethnologue'' (volumes 10–14) published by SIL International, which is now the registration authority for ISO 639-3. It provides an enumeration of languages as complete as possible, including living and extinct, ancient and constructed, major and minor, written and unwritten. However, it does not include reconstructed languages su ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Glottolog
''Glottolog'' is an open-access online bibliographic database of the world's languages. In addition to listing linguistic materials ( grammars, articles, dictionaries) describing individual languages, the database also contains the most up-to-date language affiliations based on the work of expert linguists. Glottolog was first developed and maintained at the Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology in Leipzig, Germany, and between 2015 and 2020 at the Max Planck Institute of Geoanthropology in Jena, Germany. Its main curators include Harald Hammarström and Martin Haspelmath. Overview Sebastian Nordhoff and Harald Hammarström established the Glottolog/Langdoc project in 2011. The creation of ''Glottolog'' was partly motivated by the lack of a comprehensive language bibliography, especially in ''Ethnologue''. Glottolog provides a catalogue of the world's languages and language families and a bibliography on individual languages. It differs from ''Ethnologue ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Mutual Intelligibility
In linguistics, mutual intelligibility is a relationship between different but related language varieties in which speakers of the different varieties can readily understand each other without prior familiarity or special effort. Mutual intelligibility is sometimes used to distinguish languages from dialects, although sociolinguistic factors are often also used. Intelligibility between varieties can be asymmetric; that is, speakers of one variety may be able to better understand another than vice versa. An example of this is the case between Afrikaans and Dutch. It is generally easier for Dutch speakers to understand Afrikaans than for Afrikaans speakers to understand Dutch. In a dialect continuum, neighbouring varieties are mutually intelligible, but differences mount with distance, so that more widely separated varieties may not be mutually intelligible. Intelligibility can be partial, as is the case with Azerbaijani and Turkish, or significant, as is the case with Bul ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Malayic Languages
The Malayic languages are a branch of the Malayo-Polynesian subgroup of the Austronesian language family. The two most prominent members of this branch are Indonesian and Malay. Indonesian is the official language of Indonesia and has evolved as a standardized form of Malay with distinct influences from local languages and historical factors. Malay, in its various forms, is recognized as a national language in Brunei, Malaysia, and Singapore. The Malayic branch also includes local languages spoken by ethnic Malays (e.g. Jambi Malay, Kedah Malay), further several languages spoken by various other ethnic groups of Sumatra, Indonesia (e.g. Minangkabau) and Borneo (e.g. Banjarese, Iban) even as far as Urak Lawoi in the southwestern coast of Thailand. The most probable candidate for the urheimat of the Malayic languages is western Borneo prior to spread in Sumatra. History The term "Malayic" was first coined by in his lexicostatistical classification of the Austronesian lan ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Malayo-Polynesian Languages
The Malayo-Polynesian languages are a subgroup of the Austronesian languages, with approximately 385.5 million speakers. The Malayo-Polynesian languages are spoken by the Austronesian peoples outside of Taiwan, in the island nations of Southeast Asia (Indonesia and the Philippine Archipelago) and the Pacific Ocean, with a smaller number in continental Asia in the areas near the Malay Peninsula, with Cambodia, Vietnam and the Chinese island Hainan as the northwest geographic outlier. Malagasy, spoken on the island of Madagascar off the eastern coast of Africa in the Indian Ocean, is the furthest western outlier. Many languages of the Malayo-Polynesian family in insular Southeast Asia show the strong influence of Sanskrit, Tamil and Arabic, as the western part of the region has been a stronghold of Hinduism, Buddhism, and, later, Islam Islam is an Abrahamic religions, Abrahamic monotheistic religion based on the Quran, and the teachings of Muhammad. Adherents of I ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Pegagan Language
''Centella asiatica'', commonly known as Indian pennywort, Asiatic pennywort, spadeleaf, coinwort or gotu kola, is a herbaceous, perennial plant in the flowering plant family Apiaceae. It is native to tropical regions of Africa, Asia, Australia, and islands in the western Pacific Ocean. It is consumed as a culinary vegetable and is used in traditional medicine. Description ''Centella'' grows in temperate and tropical swampy areas in many regions of the world. The stems are slender, creeping stolons, green to reddish-green in color, connecting plants to each other. It has long-stalked, green, rounded apices which have smooth texture with palmately netted veins. The leaves are borne on pericladial petioles, around . The rootstock consists of rhizomes, growing vertically down. They are cream in color and covered with root hairs. The flowers are white or crimson in color, born in small, rounded bunches (umbels) near the surface of the soil. Each flower is partly enclosed in two g ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Indonesia
Indonesia, officially the Republic of Indonesia, is a country in Southeast Asia and Oceania, between the Indian Ocean, Indian and Pacific Ocean, Pacific oceans. Comprising over List of islands of Indonesia, 17,000 islands, including Sumatra, Java, Sulawesi, and parts of Borneo and New Guinea, Indonesia is the world's largest archipelagic state and the List of countries and dependencies by area, 14th-largest country by area, at . With over 280 million people, Indonesia is the world's List of countries and dependencies by population, fourth-most-populous country and the most populous Islam by country, Muslim-majority country. Java, the world's List of islands by population, most populous island, is home to more than half of the country's population. Indonesia operates as a Presidential system, presidential republic with an elected People's Consultative Assembly, legislature and consists of Provinces of Indonesia, 38 provinces, nine of which have Autonomous administrative divisi ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Col Language
Col (pronounced: ), or Lembak (also known as ), is a Malayic language from Sumatra, Indonesia. It is spoken by around 145,000 speakers (2000) with most speakers found in Lubuklinggau Municipality, South Sumatra, and the areas surrounding it, all the way to Musi Rawas in South Sumatra South Sumatra () is a Provinces of Indonesia, province of Indonesia, located in the southeast of the island of Sumatra. The capital and largest city of the province is the city of Palembang. The province borders the provinces of Jambi to the north .... The speakers of this language belong to the Lembak ethnic group, a small ethnic group closely related to ethnic Malays, especially those of Bengkulu Malays and Palembang Malays. Among South Sumatran Malayic varieties, Col is most closely related to Musi. The language has its own ISO code, . References Languages of Indonesia Agglutinative languages Malay dialects Malayic languages {{malayic-lang-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Lematang Language
The Musi languages consists of a collection of closely related Malayic varieties spoken in the eastern and northern regions of South Sumatra, as well as parts of Bengkulu. The Musi languages has a relatively high degree of mutual intelligibility, despite its speakers not sharing a unified ethnic identity. Generally, speakers of Malayic varieties in this area refer to their language (in Indonesian) as ''bahasa'' 'language' + ame of region/river/ethnic group regardless of whether it is classified linguistically as an independent language or a dialect. Classification McDowell & Anderbeck (2020) classify the Musi varieties into two main dialect clusters: (1) Upper Musi and (2) Palembang–Lowland, which are further divided into subclusters and dialects, each with its own distinct characteristics. This classification is not purely based on the comparative method, which seeks to reconstruct the direct ancestor of these varieties, but rather on a synchronic dialectological approach. Th ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
