|
Municipal Bond
A municipal bond, commonly known as a muni, is a bond issued by state or local governments, or entities they create such as authorities and special districts. In the United States, interest income received by holders of municipal bonds is often, but not always, exempt from federal and state income taxation. Typically, only investors in the highest tax brackets benefit from buying tax-exempt municipal bonds instead of taxable bonds. Taxable equivalent yield calculations are required to make fair comparisons between the two categories. The U.S. municipal debt market is relatively small compared to the corporate market: total municipal debt outstanding was $4 trillion as of the first quarter of 2021, compared to nearly $15 trillion in the corporate and foreign markets. But conversely, the number of municipal bond issuers (state and local governments and other affiliated entities) far exceeds the number of corporate bond issuers. Local authorities in many other countries in the wo ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Bond (finance)
In finance, a bond is a type of Security (finance), security under which the issuer (debtor) owes the holder (creditor) a debt, and is obliged – depending on the terms – to provide cash flow to the creditor (e.g. repay the principal (i.e. amount borrowed) of the bond at the Maturity (finance), maturity date and interest (called the coupon (bond), coupon) over a specified amount of time.) The timing and the amount of cash flow provided varies, depending on the economic value that is emphasized upon, thus giving rise to different types of bonds. The interest is usually payable at fixed intervals: semiannual, annual, and less often at other periods. Thus, a bond is a form of loan or IOU. Bonds provide the borrower with external funds to finance long-term investments or, in the case of government bonds, to finance current expenditure. Bonds and Share capital, stocks are both Security (finance), securities, but the major difference between the two is that (capital) stockholders h ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Pollock V
Pollock or pollack (pronounced ) is the common name used for either of the two species of North Atlantic marine fish in the genus ''Pollachius''. '' Pollachius pollachius'' is referred to as "pollock" in North America, Ireland and the United Kingdom, while '' Pollachius virens'' is usually known as saithe or coley in Great Britain and Ireland (derived from the older name coalfish). Other names for ''P. pollachius'' include the Atlantic pollock, European pollock, ''lieu jaune'', and lythe or lithe; while ''P. virens'' is also known as Boston blue (distinct from bluefish) and silver bill. Species The recognized species in this genus are: * '' Pollachius pollachius'' (Linnaeus, 1758) (pollack) * '' Pollachius virens'' (Linnaeus, 1758) (coalfish) Description Both species can grow to . ''P. virens'' can weigh up to and ''P. pollachius'' can weigh up to . ''P. virens'' has a strongly defined, silvery lateral line running down the sides. Above the late ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Government Bonds
A government bond or sovereign bond is a form of bond issued by a government to support public spending. It generally includes a commitment to pay periodic interest, called coupon payments'','' and to repay the face value on the maturity date. For example, a bondholder invests $20,000, called face value or principal, into a 10-year government bond with a 10% annual coupon; the government would pay the bondholder 10% interest ($2000 in this case) each year and repay the $20,000 original face value at the date of maturity (i.e. after 10 years). Government bonds can be denominated in a foreign currency or the government's domestic currency. Countries with less stable economies tend to denominate their bonds in the currency of a country with a more stable economy (i.e. a hard currency). All government bonds carry default risk; that is, the possibility that the government will be unable to pay bondholders. Bonds from countries with less stable economies are usually considered t ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
S&P Municipal Bond Index
S&P Global Ratings (previously Standard & Poor's and informally known as S&P) is an American credit rating agency (CRA) and a division of S&P Global that publishes financial research and analysis on stocks, bonds, and commodities. S&P is considered the largest of the Big Three credit-rating agencies, which also include Moody's Ratings and Fitch Ratings. Its head office is located on 55 Water Street in Lower Manhattan, New York City. Corporate history The company traces its history back to 1860, with the publication by Henry Varnum Poor of ''History of Railroads and Canals in the United States''. This book compiled comprehensive information about the financial and operational state of U.S. railroad companies. In 1868, Henry Varnum Poor established H.V. and H.W. Poor Co. with his son, Henry William Poor, and published two annually updated hardback guidebooks, '' Poor's Manual of the Railroads of the United States'' and ''Poor's Directory of Railway Officials''. In 1906, Lu ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Build America Bonds
Build America Bonds are taxable municipal bonds that carry special tax credits and federal subsidies for either the bond issuer or the bondholder. Build America Bonds were created under Section 1531 of Title I of Division B of the American Recovery and Reinvestment Act that U.S. President Barack Obama signed into law on February 17, 2009. Internal Revenue Service. IRS Issues Guidance on New Build America Bonds Retrieved on December 12, 2016. The program expired December 31, 2010. Purpose of and eligibility for Build America Bonds The purpose of Build America Bonds, commonly refer ...[...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Amdavad Municipal Corporation
Amdavad Municipal Corporation (AMC) was established in July 1950 under the Bombay Provincial Corporation Act (1949), is responsible for the civic infrastructure and administration of the city of Ahmedabad. History On 21 April 1831, the collector of the city, Mr. Bordel formed 'Town Wall Fund Committee' comprising the citizens of Ahmedabad with aim of raising fund to repair and renovate the fort of Ahmedabad damaged in floods. The committee levied 1% tax on the sale of various commodities such as ghee. It raised 2 lakh rupees and repaired the fort. The Ahmedabad Municipality was founded in 1873.Cases in Financial Management, 2/E By Pandey & Bhat; pp-7 The British Government nominated Ranchhodlal Chhotalal as the first president of the municipality on 15 September 1885. The republic municipality was formed on 1 April 1915. Bhaishankar Nanabhai was the first elected president of the municipality. Ahmedabad Borough Municipality came into existence in 1925–26. In 1935, the city ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Bruhat Bengaluru Mahanagara Palike
Bruhat Bengaluru Mahanagara Palike (BBMP) was the administrative body responsible for civic amenities and some infrastructural assets of the Greater Bangalore, Greater Bengaluru metropolitan area. It was the fourth List of municipal corporations in India, largest Municipal Corporation in India and was responsible for a population of 8.4 million in an area of 741 km2. Its boundaries expanded more than 10 times since the 1950s. It was replaced by the Greater Bengaluru Authority on 15 May 2025, however the BBMP will continue to administer the city until the new Authority is fully operational. Its roles and responsibilities included the "orderly development of the city" — zoning and building regulations, health, hygiene, licensing, trade and education, as well as quality of life issues such as public open space, water body, water bodies, parks and Foliage, greenery. The BBMP represented the Municipal government, third level of government (the Central Government and S ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Local Government Financing Vehicle
In China, a local government financing vehicle (LGFV) (), is a funding mechanism for local governments. An LGFV is usually an investment company that borrows money to finance real estate development and other local infrastructure projects. LGFVs can borrow money from banks, or they can borrow on the open market by selling bonds known as "municipal investment bonds" or "municipal corporate bonds" ( or ), which are repackaged as " wealth management products" and sold to individuals. Since local governments in China are not allowed to issue municipal bonds, LGFVs have played a unique role in securing funding for local governments to develop their economies. However, the vehicles rarely make enough returns to pay back their debts, often requiring local governments to raise more money to pay back their creditors. Both the number and the indebtedness of LGFVs have soared in recent years, sparking fears about their inability to repay debts as well as subsequent defaults. Although LGFVs ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
CIBC
The Canadian Imperial Bank of Commerce (CIBC; ) is a Canadian Multinational corporation, multinational banking and financial services corporation headquartered at CIBC Square in the Financial District, Toronto, Financial District of Toronto, Ontario. The Canadian Imperial Bank of Commerce was formed through the 1961 merger of the Canadian Bank of Commerce (founded in 1867) and the Imperial Bank of Canada (founded in 1873), in the largest merger between chartered banks in Canadian history. It is one of two Big Five banks of Canada, "Big Five" banks founded in Toronto, the other being the Toronto-Dominion Bank. The bank has four strategic business units: Canadian Personal and Business Banking, Canadian Commercial Banking and Wealth Management, U.S. Commercial Banking and Wealth Management, and Capital Markets. It has international operations in the United States, the Caribbean, Asia, and United Kingdom. Globally, CIBC serves more than eleven million clients, and has over 40,000 emp ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
UK Municipal Bonds Agency
The UK Municipal Bonds Agency (UK MBA) is Local Government Funding Agency that exists primarily to reduce councils' capital long term financing costs in the United Kingdom. It allows local authorities to diversify funding sources and borrow at a lower cost than is available from Central Government via the Public Works Loan Board of the UK Debt Management Office, which is part of HM Treasury. The agency will sell municipal bonds on the capital markets, raising funds that it will then lend to councils. History The UK MBA was founded in 2014. It was founded by, is owned by and lends to Local Authorities within the United Kingdom. As of January 2016, 56 local authorities as well as the LGA and the Greater Manchester Combined Authority, have signed up as shareholders in the UK Municipal Bonds Agency. Shortly before December 2015, a framework document setting out the working of the UK MBA was also distributed to councils with Cambridgeshire County Council becoming the first loc ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
United Kingdom
The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, commonly known as the United Kingdom (UK) or Britain, is a country in Northwestern Europe, off the coast of European mainland, the continental mainland. It comprises England, Scotland, Wales and Northern Ireland. The UK includes the island of Great Britain, the north-eastern part of the island of Ireland, and most of List of islands of the United Kingdom, the smaller islands within the British Isles, covering . Northern Ireland shares Republic of Ireland–United Kingdom border, a land border with the Republic of Ireland; otherwise, the UK is surrounded by the Atlantic Ocean, the North Sea, the English Channel, the Celtic Sea and the Irish Sea. It maintains sovereignty over the British Overseas Territories, which are located across various oceans and seas globally. The UK had an estimated population of over 68.2 million people in 2023. The capital and largest city of both England and the UK is London. The cities o ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
